Supplementary material
Table S1: Summary of the 42 study plots with information of habitat type, density and
elevation.
Habitat-type
Number
Elevation (min-max [m])
of plots
Salvage-logged
6
710-1066
One-layered mixed montane forest
6
677-1070
Vital spruce stand
6
1145-1322
Multi-layered mixed montane forest
6
666-890
Bark beetle dead wood area montane
6
791-843
Openings
6
803-1332
Bark beetle dead wood area high montane
6
1180-1327
O
Habitat-Type
Salvage logged
One-layered
Spruce forest
Multi-layered mixed forest
Dead wood montane
Forest opening
Dead wood high montane
Elevation
400 - 500 m
500 - 600 m
600 - 700 m
700 - 800 m
800 - 900 m
900 - 1,000 m
1,000 - 1,100 m
1,100 - 1,200 m
1,200 - 1,300 m
1,300 - 1,400 m
> 1400 m
0
2.2
4.5
9.0 Kilometer
Fig. S1: Distribution of 42 bat sampling plots across the Nationalpark Bavarian Forest.
1
Number of identified species
of open-habitat foragers
6
5
4
3
2
1
R²=0.70
p<0.001
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Number of minute-counts +1
of guild open-habitat foragers
Fig. S2: Correlations of number of identified species of the guild open-habitat foragers and
the number of minute-counts of the same guild, used in the analysis.
2
Table S2: Results of a generalized linear mixed model for the minutes of unclassified species,
using glmer in package lme4, with site and night within site as random factors, and
temperature, vegetation density and prey as fixed factors, using a quasi-Poisson distribution.
Estimates are standardized to facilitate comparison. Most unidentified bats seemed to be edgehabitat and closed-habitat foragers (see Fig. S1), and accordingly, we found that the activity
of the unidentified bats was not influenced by prey abundance and vegetation.
Estimate Std. error
−0.91
1.58
0.565
Vegetation density
0.01
0.27
0.329
Temperature
0.30
0.10
0.006
Prey abundance
0.37
0.77
0.626
Intercept
Activity of unidentified species
P
Open-habitat
Edge-habitat
Closed-habitat
1000
100
10
R2 = 0.03
p = 0.006
0
0
10
100
1000
R2 = 0.41
p < 0.001
0
10
100 1000
R2 = 0.36
p < 0.001
0
10
Bat activity
Fig. S3: Correlations of unidentified species (records not assigned to one of the three guilds)
versus activity of the three guilds across all sampled nights. Note that unidentified records are
well correlated to the edge-habitat and closed-habitat foragers (see also Fig. 1 within the main
text). Therefore, we suggest that most unidentified records belong to the edge-habitat and
closed habitat guilds of bats and should therefore have only a minor impact on our analyses of
the open-habitat guild.
3
1000
100
Variance
Arthropod individuals
10000
10
PCA axis
1
-8 -6 -4 -2
0
2
4
6
8 10
PCA scores axis 1
Fig. S4: Scatter plot of the scores of the first axis of a principal component analysis of the
prey species composition versus the number of individuals in each survey night and sampling
plot. The inset shows the explained variance of the axis. Note the high explained variance of
the first axis.
4
Open-habitat forager
Closed-habitat forager Edge-habitat forager
1000
100
10
0
1000
100
10
0
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100 4
Vegetation density [%]
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Temperature [°C]
10
100
1000 10000
Prey abundance
Fig. S5: Scatter plots of bat activity versus several predictor variables. Activity of guilds was
estimated by the number of minutes during each night in which at least one individual of a
guild was recorded. Each symbol represents one night.
5
Temperature [°C]
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
Prey abundance
10000
1000
100
10
0
20
40
60
80
100 4
Vegetation density [%]
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Temperature [°C]
Fig. S6: Scatter plots of prey, vegetation density and temperature.
6