Convention Analysis Project, Part 3B:
Analysis of Student Paper and Article-focus on Language
I.Article-1
Source:
Title: Credibility Optimal Monetary Delegation.
Author: Henrek Jensen.
Journal: The American Economic Review, Volume 87, Issue 5(Dec., 1997), 911-920.
Detailed outline:
Introduction section of this article contains:

Literature review of previous research and background of the problem

Indicates a gap in the research

States the purpose of the article

Gives an overview (structure) of the article
Methods: In first and second sections author uses models as a method to analyse
Credibility of optimal monetary policy and the Discretionary delegation with
reappointment costs. The author describes the models chosen for analyses and gives the
purpose of the model.
Results: At the end of the second section author shows the result of analyses. The author
interprets the result and cites agreement with previous studies.
Discussion or concluding section of this article contains:

Indicates differences of the approaches from previous researches

Indicates the limitations of the study

Points useful areas of future research attention
Focus on Language:
Useful Phrases
Introduction
Section I
Section II
Conclusion
However,
This section
I focus on this
This paper
despite these
briefly presents
approach
considered…
virtues I am not
the original
because it has
In contrast with
convinced that
model of…
been most
most recent
the theories
Given that the
predominant….
analyses on the
provide a
model is….
To address this,
subject, I
satisfying
To see this,
I incorporate
explicitly
resolution of….
assume that.
the decision.
incorporate…
The purpose of
To model this, I This present
this paper is
introduce…
analysis is a
to…
The model is
first attempt
Section I
now solved,
to…
considers…
and I begin
…should
Section II
with case…
therefore
contains….
This result runs
receive much
Section III
against….
more attention
concludes.
in future
research
Verb Tense
Citations
In this section
In this section
In this section
In this section
present tense is
present tense is
past tense is
past tense is
most common
most common
most common
most common
used. Past
used. . Past
used. Present
used. Present
tense also used
tense also used
tense also used
tense also used
in some places.
in some places.
in some places
in some places
Inspired by the
This was
Recent
NO
original
demonstrated
contributions
contribution
by …
of…
of…
More specific,
The idea is
Barro and
that…
Gordon
As noted by
assumed that…
…in his survey.
Negative
I am not
…On the other
Language
convinced…
hand, (4) is not
too little
My
satisfied…
attention.
NO
…has received
fundamental
critique is…
Basically they
do not
explicitly
answer….
Use of I/We
The writer
The writer
The writer
The writer
mostly used “I”
mostly used
mostly used “I”
mostly used “I”
in the
“We” in this
in this section
in this section
introduction
section
Active/Passive
Sentences are
Sentences are
Sentences are
Sentences are
Voice
written in
written mostly
written mostly
written mostly
active and
in passive
in active voice.
in active voice
passive both
voice.
voice.
Variety of
The author used The author used The author used The author used
language and
academic
academic
academic
academic
sentence
writing style
writing style
writing style
writing style
structure
choosing the
choosing the
choosing the
choosing the
more formal
more formal
more formal
more formal
alternative
alternative
alternative
alternative
verb, noun, and
verb, noun, and
verb, noun, and
verb, noun, and
other part of
other part of
other part of
other part of
language and
language and
language and
language
focusing on
using scientific
using scientific
more scientific
models
models
NO
e.g.,
issues.
Latin
Ex ante, Ex
expressions
post, e.g.,
NO
II.Article-2
Source:
Title: Exact Consumer’s Surplus and Deadweight Loss: A Correction.
Author: Haveman, Robert H., Mary Gabay, and James Andreoni.
Journal: The American Economic Review, Volume 77, Issue 3(Jun.,1987), 494-495.
Detailed outline:
This paper isn’t divided into sections. Because this paper has only one page of contents it
isn’t necessary divide it into headings. However the authors gives the first background of
the problem, then purpose of the paper, after that comes Hausmans calculation method
and finally correction on Hausman's calculation
Background part of the paper shows research area and background of problem. Then
author gives the purpose of the article.
At the next part of the paper author analyses the problem using the Hausmans method of
calculation.
At the final part of the paper author shows the findings, interprets the result, comments
data and cites agreement with previous studies.
Focus on Language:
Useful Phrases: Jerry Hausman’s 1981 paper in this Review is a clear demonstration
that… Hausman emphasizes the… This case was cited by… This not corrects… Closer
examination reveals that… We find the correct value…
Verb tense: In this paper present tense is most common used. Past tense also used in
some places
Citations: There in not used special phrases to make citation. Citation is included in the
sentences which begins with the phrases that “It hereby demonstrates that…”.
Negative Language: …dos not provide …, ….very poor approximation…., …is in error.
Use of I/We: The authors used “We” once in the paper.
Active/Passive Voice: Sentences of the article are written mostly in active voice
Variety of language and sentence structure: The author used academic writing style
choosing the more formal alternative verb, noun, and other part of language.
Latin expressions: Not used