Course descriptions:
Course name: Non-ideal solutions thermodynamics
Teacher: Dr. Gholamreza Pazuki
Credits: 3
Course requirements: Application of thermodynamics in biotechnology
Course objectives: The goal of this course is to familiar students with application of non-ideal thermodynamics in biotechnology process.
Topical outline:
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Headlines
The fundamental relations of classical thermodynamic (1)
The fundamental relations of classical thermodynamic (2)
Thermodynamic properties from volumetric data (1)
Thermodynamic properties from volumetric data (2)
Introduction of statistical thermodynamics
Contents
1. Fundamental of classical thermodynamics
2. The first and second law of thermodynamics
3. Phase Equilibrium criteria
4. Fundamental thermodynamics relations
1. Gibbs-Duhem law
2. Definition of fugacity and activity
3. Calculation of phase equilibrium criteria in various systems
4. Various equilibrium systems such as VLE,
LLE, SLE
1. Thermodynamic properties with independent variables T and P
2. Thermodynamic properties with independent variables T and V
1. Fugacity and fugacity coefficient for pure and mixture
2. Phase equilibrium criteria using fugacity
1. Statistical thermodynamic relation
2. Partition function
3. The relation between partition coefficient and thermodynamic properties
4. Inter molecular potential
5. Calculation of the second virial coefficient
6. Osmotic pressure
6
Equation of state and application to calculation fugacity coefficient of gas mixtures and phase equilibrium
1. Cubic and non-cubic equation of state
2. Calculation of thermodynamic properties using equation of state
3. Phase equilibrium using equation of state
7
8
9
Thermodynamics models of non-ideal solutions (1)
Thermodynamics models of non-ideal solutions (2)
Thermodynamic models of non-ideal solutions (3)
1. Excess properties of solutions and activity coefficient
2. Derivation of the excess properties
3. Phase separation using excess properties
1. Classification of the thermodynamic models such as Margules and van Laar etc
2. Application of thermodynamic models to prediction of VLE and LLE phase equilibrium
3. Flowchart of phase boundary calculation
1. van Laar theory
2. Regular solution
3. Lattice solution
4. Non-random mixtures
5. Two liquid theory
6. Chemical theory

10
11
12
Electrolyte solutions
Polymer solutions
Some biochemical applications of thermodynamics
1. The excess properties of electrolyte solutions
2. Osmotic coefficient, vapor pressure and mean ionic activity coefficient
3. Experimental measurement of the mean ionic activity coefficient and individual ion activity
4. Thermodynamic models of electrolyte solutions
1. Flory-Huggins model and application in polymer solutions
1. Acidity of solutions
2. Ionization of biochemicals
3. Solubilities of weak acids, weak bases, and pharniaceitticals as a function of pH
4. Protein concentration in an ultracentrifuge
5. Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium and membrane potentials
6. Coupled chemical reactions: the ATP-ADP energy storage and delivery mechanism
7. Thermodynamic analysis of fermenters and other bioreactors
Grading system:
Homework problems
Project
Total
10%
20%
Midterm exam 30%
Final exam 40%
100%
Textbook (required):
1.
J. M. Prausnitz, R. N. Lichtenthaler, E. Gomes de Azevedo, Molecular thermodynamics of fluid-phase equilibria.
2. S. I. Sandler, Chemical, biochemical and engineering thermodynamics.
3. Tester and M. Modell, Thermodynamics and its applications.
Other references:
4. H.B. Callen, Thermodynamics.
5. K. Denbigh, The principles of chemical equlibria.
6. S. M. Wallas, Phase equilibria in chemical engineering.
7. H. C. Van Ness, Classical thermodynamics on non-electrolyte solutions.
8. G. M. Kontogeorgis, G. K. Folas, Thermodynamic models for industrial applications.