SPPA 4030
Speech Science
UNIT 2 Guide
Respiration
Anatomy review
Basic Structures
Upper vs. lower respiratory tract
Pulmonary system
Chest wall
Pleural linkage
Respiratory Basics
Boyle’s Law
Aerodynamics of inspiration/expiration
Degrees of freedom of chest wall
Spirometry
Subdivisions of lung volume
Typical values for healthy speakers
Calculations of volumes and capacities based on typical values
Rest/Life vs. Speech Breathing
Volume, pressure, flows, patterns and frequency associated with life breathing
Volume, pressure, flows, patterns and frequency associated with speech breathing
Calculate values for life and speech breathing parameters
Mechanics of Breathing
Chest wall as an elastic system
Resting expiratory end level and its relation to elasticity
Bellows analogy
Muscle vs. relaxation pressure
Relaxation pressure curve
Life Breathing vs. Speech Breathing
Volume vs. Pulsatile demands of speech breathings
Key differences between classic vs. contemporary view of speech breathing
Calculations of muscular pressure requirements based on relaxation pressure
Breathing through Life
Basic changes in respiratory system with development
Changes associated with advanced aging
Clinical considerations
Speech breathing patterns associated with
Parkinson’s Disease
Cerebellar Disease
Spinal Cord Injury
Mechanical Ventilation
Apply basic understanding of phonation to clinical scenarios

SPPA 4030
Speech Science
Phonation
Anatomy Review
Basic anatomical features
Intrinsic muscles by name and their key actions
Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints and their key actions
Structure of the vocal fold
Theories of Phonation
Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation
Key assumptions
2-mass model
Key parts of the model
Key muscular and aerodynamic parameters and their role in initiating and sustaining phonation
Bernoulli’s law and its role in phonation
Model limitations
Measuring Phonation
Glottal area waveform and its key elements
Instruments for measuring glottal behavior
Laryngoscopy
Photoglottography
Electroglottography
Airflow
Relations between different representations of glottal behavior
Acoustics of phonation
Time domain representation
Frequency Domain representation
Application of basic acoustics principles to glottal waveform and spectrum
Phonatory Control Parameters
Fundamental frequency control
How to vary F0
Quantifying F0 control
MeasuringF0
Typical values for healthy speakers
Amplitude control
How to vary amplitude
Quantifying amplitude control
Measuring amplitude
Typical values for healthy speakers
Register control
What is vocal register?
Differentiating modal, pulse and falsetto registers
Perceptual differences
Physiological and acoustic differences
Phonatory quality control
Differences between measuring vocal quality vs. F0 & amplitude
Commonly used quality dimensions

Key acoustic measures associated with voice quality
Jitter
Shimmer
Signal to noise ratio
Harmonic roll-off
Phonation onset
Typical values for healthy speakers
Simultaneous vocal attack
Hard glottal attack
Breathy attack
Articulatory control
Voicing/devoicing gesture
SPPA 4030
Speech Science
Lifespan considerations
Key anatomic and functional changes over lifespan
Clinical considerations
Key variables that can create disordered phonation
Apply basic understanding of phonation to clinical scenarios