Name________________________ Date:______________________ block______
Mitosis & Meiosis
Study Guide (50 points):
1. Cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from
generation to generation of cells is called what?
Chromosomes
2. For most of a cell’s lifetime, chromosomes exist as long strands of DNA wrapped
around proteins.
3. What is this long strand called?
chromatin
4. What is the name of the protein it is wrapped around?
histones
5. Draw a picture of these two structures:
6. What is a nucleosome?
group of 8 histones
7. Cells go through 2 general stages. What are these stages?
a. growth
b. division
8. In which stage does a cell spend the majority of its life?
growth
9. What are the 3 stages of the CELL CYCLE?
a.Interphase
b.mitosis
c. cytokinesis
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Interphase:
10. Interphase is divided into 3 parts. What are they? Describe what happens in each
phase
a. rapid growth and metabolic activity
b. DNA synthesis and replication
c. centrioles replicate; cell prepares for division
Mitosis
11. Why do cells undergo mitosis?
Cells undergo mitosis (divides) as they approach the maximum cell size at which the
nucleus can provide blueprints for proteins and the plasma membrane can efficiently
transport nutrients and wastes into and out of the cell.
12. Will the daughter of a cell undergoing mitosis be diploid (2n) or haploid (n)?
Diploid 2n
13. What are the 4 stages of mitosis (in order)?
a. prophase
b. metaphase
c.anaphase
d. telophase
14. describe what happens to the following during prophase of mitosis:
a. chromatin: The long stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes,
the.
b. nuclear envelope: nucleus begins to disappear as the nuclear envelope
disintegrates
c. centrioles: The centrioles begin to migrate to opposite ends of the cell
d. spindle fibers: begin to form
15. What is the term we use to describe the following: identical halves of a duplicated
parent chromosome formed during the prophase stage of mitosis?
Sister chromatids.
16. What holds sister chromatids together?
centromere
17. Describe the shape and structure of the spindle fibers.
Shaped like a football, cage like. Made of thin fibers of microtubules
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18. what two things happen to chromosomes during metaphase of mitosis?
 The doubled chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers by their
centromeres.
 The chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibers and begin to line up on the
midline, or equator, of the spindle
19. Illustrate (draw) a cell in metaphase of mitosis: (pretend its diploid number is 4)
20. What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate
21. Draw a picture of a cell in anaphase during mitosis: (pretend its diploid number is 4)
22. Describe what happens to the following during telophase of mitosis:
a. chromosomes: unwind
b.
nuclear envelope: re-forms
c.
spindle fibers: disappear
Cytokinesis:
22. Describe what happens in cytokinesis.
the division of the cells cytoplasm
23. Both pictures below are cells undergoing cytokinesis. Label each picture: either
animal cell or plant cell.
_____________animal__________
_______plant___________
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24. why do cells undergo meiosis?
The body uses meiosis to provide a cell for the purpose of reproduction.
25. These determine individual traits:
genes
26. Where is the answer to #25 located?
In the nucleus
27. In the body cells of most plants and animals chromosomes occur in pairs.
One chromosome in each pair comes from the mother and the other came from the father.
28. What is a cell with two of each kind of chromosome called? Hint: 2n
diploid
29. Humans have __23_ pairs of chromosomes or ___46___ total.
30. When cells divide by meiosis, how many daughter cells will there be?____4__
31. Daughter cells produced by meiosis are called?
gametes
32. In males, these daughter cells are?
sperm_____________
In females, these daughter cells are? eggs
33. Daughter cells produced by meiosis have half the number of chromosomes. What do
we call these cells? Hint:n
haploid
34. When a haploid (n) sperm cell fertilizes a haploid egg (n) cell, What is the resulting
cell called? Is the resulting cell a haploid cell or a diploid cell?
Zygote; diploid
35. List the phases of meiosis:
Meiosis I:
A interphase
B prophase
C metaphase
D anaphase
E telophase
Meiosis II:
A prophase
B metaphase
C anaphase
D telophase
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MEIOSIS I:
36. What happens during interphase of meiosis?
 The cell replicates its chromosomes. After replication each chromosome consists
of 2 identical sister chromatids, held together by a centromere.
37. Describe what happens to the following during prophaseI:
a. chromatin: coil up
b. nuclear envelope: disintegrates
c. centrioles: migrates to opposite poles
d. spindle fibers: form
e. chromosomes: homologous chromosomes line up with each other, gene by
gene along their length, to form a four-part structure called a tetrad.
38. These are chromosomes that have genes for the same traits:
Homologous chromosomes
39. Non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes break and exchange genetic
material during prophase of Meiosis. What is this called? Does it happen in mitosis?
Crossing over; no
40. How does metaphase I of meiosis differ from metaphase in mitosis?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Homologous chromosomes line up; they
Chromosomes line up randomly
form 2 lines
41. How does anaphase I of meiosis differ from anaphase of mitosis?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Homologous chromosomes are pulled to
Sister chromatids split at the centromere
opposite poles by the spindle fibers
and are pulled to opposite poles
42. How do the daughter cells of telophase I of meiosis differ from the daughter cells of
telophase in mitosis?
Meiosis
Mitosis
2 haploid cells; sister chromatids still in
2 Diploid cells;
tact
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Meiosis II:
43. Is there an interphase in meiosis II?
no
44. Describe what happens to the following during prophase II of meiosis:
a. chromatin: coil up
b. nuclear envelope: disintegrates
c. centrioles: migrate to opposite poles
d. spindle fibers; form
45. How does metaphase II of meiosis differ from metaphase I?
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Homologous chromosomes line up
Chromosomes line up randomly
2 lines
1 line
46. How does anaphase II of meiosis differ from anaphase I?
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes are pulled to
opposite poles
Anaphase II
Sister chromatids split apart at the
centromere
47. Is telophase II of meiosis different from telophase of mitosis?
No difference
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