PROJECT IDENTIFICATION FORM (PIF)
PROJECT TYPE: FULL-SIZED PROJECT
THE GEF TRUST FUND
Date of submission: 12 September 2008
PART I: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
GEFSEC PROJECT ID:
GEF AGENCY PROJECT ID: 4221
COUNTRY(IES):NIGERIA
PROJECT TITLE: Less burnt for a clean Earth: Minimization of
dioxin emission from open burning sources in Nigeria
GEF AGENCY(IES): UNDP
OTHER EXECUTING PARTNERS:
GEF FOCAL AREAS: Persistent Organic Pollutants
GEF-4 STRATEGIC PROGRAM(S): POPs-1, POPs-2
INDICATIVE CALENDAR
Milestones
Dates
Work Program (for FSPs)
CEO Endorsement/Approval
GEF Agency Approval
Implementation Start
Mid-term Review
Implementation Completion
7/2008
4/2009
6/2009
7/2009
7/2011
7/2013
A. PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK
Project Objective: Enhance human health and environmental quality by reducing releases and exposure to
unintentional POPs originating from unsustainable waste operations
Project
Components
1. Undertake an
assessment and
evaluation of
current and
projected
releases of
UPOPs (total
estimates and
source
inventories)
2. Legislative
strengthening
and policy
development
TA
Expected
Outcomes
1.1. Quantified
baseline data on
UPOPs generation
2.1. Waste
management
policy adopted.
2.2. Technical bylaws and guidance
adopted.
2.3. Federal and
state waste policy
setting and
enforcement
capacity
increased.
Expected Outputs
National inventory on
UPOPs production
1. National waste
management policy
developed.
2. Technical by-laws,
state and municipal
guidance covering waste
management developed.
3. Federal, state and
municipal staff trained in
regulations, their
enforcement and novel
approaches to UPOPs
minimizing waste
management.
Indicative GEF
Financing*
($)
%
400,000
80
200,000
67
Indicative Cofinancing*
($)
%
100,000
20
200,000
33
Total ($)
500,000
400,000
1
3. Reduction of
UPOPs
emissions
through
introduction of
new practices
and approaches
in municipal
waste handling.
4. Reduction of
UPOPs
emissions from
agricultural land
clearing.
TA
TA
3.1.UPOPs
emissions reduced
through support to
city level
Integrated Waste
Management.
1. Implementation State
plans on Integrated
Waste Management
Strategies.
2. Assistance in planning
for the UPOPs
minimizing detailed setup at 2 selected states
sponsored Integrated
Waste Management
initiatives.
300,000
150,000
3.2. UPOPs emissions reduced
through community level
participation and
action.
1.Introduction of waste
separation at selected
communities.
350,000
175,000
2. Establishment of
composting, collection of
compostable waste at
communities in 5 cities.
700,000
350,000
3. Develop market for
composted products in
pilot areas.
1. Alternative approaches
to bush burning at 3
pilot-sites in Kano state
introduced.
2. Development of
marketable products
(hay, fodder, compost
earth, fertilizer) from
recovered bush biomass.
3. Replication of
alternative, non-burning,
bush clearing methods.
200,000
100,000
4.1. Bush burning
through changes
in agricultural
practices and
introduction of
income generating
alternatives
reduced.
1,000,000
200,000
5. Project
management
Total costs
19
74
9,525,000
100,000
300,000
100,000
200,000
50,000
81
12,850,000
26
950,000
300,000
50
300,000
50
600,000
4,150,000
28
11,150,000
72
15,300,000
B. INDICATIVE FINANCING PLAN SUMMARY FOR THE PROJECT ($)
Project Preparation
GEF Grant
Co-financing
Total
200,000
100,000
300,000
Project
4,150,000
11,150,000
15,300,000
Agency Fee
435,000
435,000
Total
4,785,000
11,250,000
16,035,000
2
C. INDICATIVE CO-FINANCING FOR THE PROJECT BY SOURCE ($), IF AVAILABLE
Co-financing Source
Project Government Contribution
Project government State and
municipalities
GEF Agency, UNDP
Bilateral Aid Agency(ies)
Multilateral Agency(ies)
Private Sector
NGO
Others
Total co-financing
Cash
In-kind
Total
1
9,850,000
1,200,0002
100,0003
9,950,000
11,050,000
1,200,000
100,000
1,100,000
11,150,000
PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
A. STATE THE ISSUE, HOW THE PROJECT SEEKS TO SOLVE IT, AND THE EXPECTED GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS TO BE DELIVERED:
Unintentional POPs are released in large quantities in Nigeria. According to the POPs NIP inventory, total UPOPs
releases in Nigeria is approximately 5,400 g I-TEQ annually. The bulk of these emissions come from uncontrolled
burning of waste mainly from burning of municipal waste as well as from agricultural practices of land clearing
before planting.
With a population of 140 million, Nigeria generates annually about 20 million tons of municipal waste, which are
collected to waste dumps by municipalities. The POPs NIP conservatively estimates 20 % of these collected waste
are being uncontrollably burned at dump sites, mainly for recuperating valuable waste streams, such as metal, as
well as for compacting the volume of the waste. The total UPOPs releases from this practice is approximately 5,300
g I-TEQ/a. As half of the collected waste is organic, alternatives for uncontrolled waste burning practices for this
part of the municipal waste stream can be introduced. Also other waste categories can be re-used or recycled in a
higher degree.
The Federal Government of Nigeria is determined to take swift and concerted action for tackling the waste
management in major population centers. For this, 7 cities have developed Integrated Waste Management Strategies
(IWMS), and have been granted around US$ 2 million each for implementing these strategies. The project activities
will assist this major initiative with planning and policy development as well as complement this government
initiative by providing technical assistance focusing on UPOPs reduction in selected cities as a part of efforts of
establishing Integrated Waste Management Strategies.
In addition to the policy level advice and technical assistance, the project will reduce considerably the waste being
uncontrollably burned in Nigeria by introducing composting of organic matter at community level. This approach is
building on ongoing efforts of UNDP in Lagos, and will be a complement to the larger scale activities conducted in
the framework of the IWMS. The approach is coupled with an effort to create products and markets for ready
compost, thus ensuring the sustainability of the approach.
The immediate release reduction is difficult to estimate but the aim of the project is to lower the barriers for
introducing non-burning waste management for household waste and demonstrate BAT/BEP approaches for wide
replication throughout the country. The reduction of uncontrolled municipal waste burning can be expected to be
very significant by the implementation of IWMS together with UPOPs targeting activities. A realistic assumption is
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New federal government towards targeting project objectives and activities in the IWHS framework.
Includes contributions from both Federal, State and Municipalities
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UNDP cash contribution may increase as per approval of the new country programme in force 2009 onwards.
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that with replicating effects all IWMS initiatives could reduce nationwide municipal waste burning with 20%,
resulting in a 1060 g I-TEQ a year reduction of PCDD/Fs.
Uncontrolled agricultural land burning, or bush firing, is a common agricultural practice in Nigeria, leading to local
air pollution particularly particle emissions as well as UPOPs releases. These releases have been estimated to some
153 g I-TEQ/a . Worryingly, much of the formed UPOPs are left in the land burned and can hence be taken up in
the food chain through plants and particularly grazing animals.
As a part of the project, agricultural practices avoiding uncontrolled burning will be introduced in one state. While it
is difficult at the outset to estimate the land area “saved” from UPOPs generating activities and POPs emissions
avoided, the main aim of the intervention is demonstrate best alternative practices and create a cost recovery base
for the adopted BAT/BEP conforming practices based on mechanical clearing and further use/processing of cleared
biomass. The direct project activities could reduce the overall emissions from this category with some 20 g I-TEQ/g
successful replication of the approaches can reduce 100 g I-TEQ/a nation-wide.
In addition to the sizeable direct avoidance of UPOPs emissions, the projects global benefits come from the
demonstration effect on how BAT/BEP approaches for uncontrolled burning can put in practice in sub-Saharan
African context.
B. DESCRIBE THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH NATIONAL PRIORITIES/PLANS:
The regulatory strengthening and development of policy guidance and coordination is one of the central needs and
priorities in the draft POPs National Implementation Plan for Nigeria. The NIP ranks high the sound environmental
management of waste and calls for stopping uncontrolled burning of biomass for reducing of PCDD/Fs emissions.
The draft NIP action plans further in action plan 3.3.7.”Measures to Reduce Releases from Unintentional
Production” to



Review and develop by-laws, guidelines and procedures for uncontrolled burning activities
Intensify on-going educational and awareness programmes on effects of uncontrolled burning activities
Develop alternative methods of bush clearing instead of burning
The Federal Government has initiated a process of developing state-wise Integrated Waste Management Strategies
with the aim of finding holistic and efficient waste management approaches, where maximum of recycling and reuse possibilities are exploited. To-date 7 states have proposed such Integrated Strategies and have been given
Federal grants, to the tune of US$ 2 million each, which are being topped-up by states and private sector partners
for their implementation. The project outputs and activities are in-line with these Integrated Waste Strategies, by
providing policy and technical advice at municipality level for minimizing UPOPs releases and by piloting
additional waste recycling approaches at community level, hence complementing the overall IWMS efforts.
The project outputs creating job opportunities, in form of organized waste collection and separation as well as
turning waste into marketable products will contribute towards Government of Nigeria’s Poverty Reduction
Strategy aiming at creation of wealth and employment and thus does thus also contribute to MDGs
C. DESCRIBE THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH GEF STRATEGIES AND FIT WITH STRATEGIC
PROGRAMS:
In the area of unintentional POPs work, the Strategic Focus in GEF-4 will be concentrating on planning and policy
development. Such planning and policy support is at the core of the intended project outcomes by directly assisting
the planning of detailed action for tackling the various waste streams under the Integrated Waste Management
Strategies. The intended support for policy development and planning is both timely and urgent at this early stage
when Nigeria is taking tangible steps in introducing technologies and approaches which correctly implemented can
reduce UPOPs emissions considerably. Without the support it is expected that economic considerations rather than
environmental (UPOPs) concerns will determine course of action.
As the project is aiming at developing legislative guidance, the planned activities are consistent with action included
in POPs Strategic Programme 1 on Strengthening capacities for NIP implementation particularly concerning
legislation and enforcement.
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GEF-4 also allows for the possibility of small scale demonstration and promotion or alternative “practices that
prevent or reduce the generation and/or release of POPs.” as included under the objective of Strategic Program 2:
Partnering in Investments for NIP Implementation.
In-line with these GEF priorities, the project outputs and activities are supporting i) development of policy and
regulations in order to reduce uncontrolled burning of waste and hence reducing Unintentional POPs emissions ii)
introducing and demonstrating Stockholm Convention approved BAT/BEP approaches in several sectors where
absence of such best practices is resulting in considerable UPOPs emissions.
The project activities will further contribute towards general chemicals management particularly in the disposal
stage of hazardous waste streams typically found in municipal waste. This support will be given as a part of the
technical assistance given a priori to minimize UPOPs reduction but can in a restricted manner be extended to other
problematic waste streams such as paints, solvents, mercury in light tubes batteries etc. Such integrated activities
will support GEF’s overall cross-cutting efforts in supporting chemicals management as well as contribute to
SAICM action plans dealing with the disposal step of chemicals’ management and efforts to re-cycle hazardous
components.
D. OUTLINE THE COORDINATION WITH OTHER RELATED INITIATIVES
The project is approach and topic is ground breaking in many ways. Therefore, the coordination with other GEF
supported initiatives in Nigeria and in the region needs to be further explored. Maybe surprisingly, it seems that the
most relevant initiatives can be found in area of Climate Change where extensive experience exist in projects that
have or are successfully managing landfill sites by harnessing bio-gas or designing reuse and recycling schemes
minimizing releases of GHGs. The relevance of Climate Change initiatives needs to be carefully analyzed in the
preparatory stage of the project and ensured that CC, as well as CDM, aspects are taken into consideration when
designing the final approach and policy guidance to IWMS initiatives in Nigeria.
Lessons learned from the global UNDP-GEF initiative “Demonstrating and Promoting Best Techniques and
Practices for Reducing Health-care Waste to Avoid Environmental Releases of Dioxins and Mercury” will also be
taken into account, and wherever possible applied.
Detailed project development will determine to which extent policy advice and other activities will be extended to
PCDD/Fs site-contamination at landfill sites/dumps or ash deposit. In such cases due linkages with UNIDO-GEF
“Regional Project to Develop Appropriate Strategies for Identifying Sites Contaminated by Chemicals listed in
Annexes A, B and/or C of the Stockholm Convention” will be tied, for ensuring that overlaps will be avoided.
E. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL REASONING OF THE PROJECT.
Waste management and uncontrolled burning of various waste streams is a major issue in Nigeria. It is perceived as
one of the most important areas of action in the Nigerian environmental and health contexts. This is also manifested
in the attention and financial support given to action bringing waste management up to standards.
However, the main issue in municipal waste management is the management of the increasing volume of waste and
possibility of reusing/recycling certain waste streams. The POPs dimension of the waste management activities is
totally overlooked.
Without the project, any reduction in UPOPs emissions would be indeed unintentional and a result of happy
coincidence of choosing action managing waste minimizing UPOPs emissions, rather than taking UPOPs issues into
consideration in the planning and conceptualization the waste management stages.
The project activities will be intertwined with city-wise Integrated Waste Management Systems and the National
Healthcare Management Programme, so that UPOPs consideration is fully included these major national
programmes. These major initiatives do not explicitly cover UPOPs aspects, consequently the project activities are
fully incremental from a POPs point of view.
F. INDICATE RISKS, INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS, THAT MIGHT PREVENT THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE(S) FROM BEING ACHIEVED. OUTLINE THE RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES, INCLUDING
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IMPROVING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, THAT THE PROJECT PROPOSES TO UNDERTAKE.
Risk
Slow implementation of Integrated
Waste Management Strategies
Risk Mitigation Measure
L
Project’s main input in planning stages, which will commence first.
By effective planning input the stake holders enthusiasm for
implementation stage can be maintained.
Awareness raising about possibilities of income generation and
environmental/health benefits introduced
Cultural resistance for discontinuing
L
open burning of agricultural land
L
Overall Rating
H. DESCRIBE, IF POSSIBLE, THE EXPECTED cost-effectiveness OF THE PROJECT (E.G. $/TONS OF CO2
ABATED). IF COST EFFECTIVENESS IS NOT PRESENTED, OUTLINE THE STEPS THAT PROJECT
PREPARATION WOULD UNDERTAKE TO PRESENT COST-EFFECTIVENESS AT CEO ENDORSEMENT:
G.
A direct cost-effectiveness multiplier, in form of $/g I-TEQ avoided, is very difficult to establish for the project
outcomes targeting UPOPs reduction from municipal disposal activities, as it can be expected also other project
independent decisions will contribute towards reduction of municipal waste burning. A realistic assumption is that
all IWMS initiatives could reduce nationwide municipal waste burning with 20% out of which 2 % could be thanks
to the project’s incremental policy advice and demonstration efforts. This incremental release reduction would
result in an annual avoidance of UPOPs of 100 g I-TEQ per year..For the project activities dealing with
uncontrolled burning of agricultural lands a reduction 20 g I-TEQ/a is approximated.
According to the above estimations, the project can achieve an annual PCDD/Fs reduction of 120 g I-TEQ/a.
Though this may sound modest it is considerably more than all combined annual UPOPs releases in many countries
(E.g overall UPOPs Ecuador 97.6 g I-TEQ/a, Moldova 42.6 g I-TEQ/a Sri Lanka 79.5 g I-TEQ/a). Dividing the
estimated annual reduction with the requested GEF grant would result in a cost of approximately US$ 33,000 per
UPOPs gram I-TEQ per year avoided.
This estimation is based on best understanding of the possibilities of achieving on-the-ground change with such a
limited intervention. However, the most important impact of the project, the change in attitude and taking the
UPOPs emission in to consideration when planning waste management operation in Nigeria, can not be easily
estimated and converted into g I_TEQ avoided.
PART III: APPROVAL/ENDORSEMENT BY GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINTS AND AGENCIES
A. RECORD OF ENDORSEMENT OF GEF OFP ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT(S):
Mr. Ozo Chidindu Eze (mni)
Director, Policy Analysis, Monitoring and
Inspectorate / GEF OFP
Federal Ministry of Environment, Housing
Date:
and Urban Development, Abuja FCT
B. GEF AGENCY(IES) CERTIFICATION
This request has been prepared in accordance with GEF policies and procedures and meets the GEF
criteria for project identification and preparation.
John Hough
Deputy Executive Coordinator
UNDP-GEF
Date: 12 Sept 2008
Project Contact Person
Dr. Suely Carvalho
GEF Principal Technical Advisor for POPs/Ozone
UNDP/MPU/Chemicals
Tel/Email: 1-212-906.6687, suely.carvalho@undp.org
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