Review Sheet – Chemistry, Level 3 – Ch. 1 & 2: Measurement & Matter
Name: ____________________
Date:___________
Period:___
This test covers materials in the textbook in Chapters 1 & 2, pp. 2-79. Specifically, it will cover sections 1-2 (The
Scientific Method), 1-4 (Measurement Units), 1-5 (Uncertainty in Measurement), 1-6 (Significant Figures), 2-3 (Matter),
2-4 (Elements & Compounds), and 2-5 (Mixtures).
Test Expectations
The student should be able:
 Apply and evaluate the use of the scientific method and principles in a given situation.
 Measure correctly and analyze measurements in terms of experimental uncertainty, including manipulating
significant figure, discussing precision and accuracy, using and converting SI units, and calculating percent
errors.
 Describe ways to characterize matter.
 Calculate density, mass, or volume when provided with two of the three values.
1. Define each of the following terms clearly and completely on a separate sheet of paper.
(c – y) Should be present in your notes or textbook.
(a) Qualitative observation – An observation of a quality (i.e. color, shape, texture)
(b) Quantitative observation – An observation of quantity (a measurement).
(z) Cognitive bias – A natural (physiological, emotional) skew given to an observation, experiment or experimental data.
(aa) Experimental uncertainty – Analysis of the reliability of the results of an experiment.
2. Identify which of the following are physical or chemical changes:
A. melting of iron – changes of state are physical changes
B. rusting of iron – rust is a new substance, indicating a chemical change
C. freezing of milk -- changes of state are physical changes, although some argument could be made that the
freezing would alter the proteins in the milk
D. souring (curdling) of milk – curdled milk has been altered, indicating a chemical change
E. frying an egg – cooking alters the proteins indicating a chemical change
3. The density of iron is 7.86 g/cm3. You are given an unknown metal that has a volume of 30.1 mL. What would the mass
of the sample be if the metal is iron?
GIVEN: D = 7.86 g/cm3; V = 30.1 mL; m = ? (Remember 1 mL = 1 cm3)
D
m
m
 V * D  * V  m  V * D  (30.1mL) * (7.86 g / cm 3 )  237 g
V
V
Remember that your answer should include units and the correct number of significant figures (to + or – one
decimal place).
4. A student performed an experiment to determine the density of gold, she collected the following measurements: mass
of gold = 380.2 grams, volume of gold = 18.9 cm3. The “accepted” density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3 (8 points).
A. What is the density that the student measured?
D = m/V = 380.2 g/18.9 cm3 = 20.1 g/cm3
B. What is the percent error in the student’s measurement?
% error 
measured - accepted
20.1 - 19.3
x100 
x100  4%
accepted
19.3
5. Yoda is trying to measure the temperature of the water in the swamp by his house. He takes two samples, one of 1 L
and one of 5 L’s. Will his temperature readings be the same for both samples? Explain. What kind of property is
temperature (extensive or intensive)?
Yes, assuming he takes the water from just about the same place, the temperatures should be the same.
Temperature is a intensive property, does not depend on the amount of substance measured, and therefore should
be the same with both sample.
6. Perform the following calculations, then round off each answer to the proper number of significant figures.
a. 6.15 m x 3.026 m x 0.018 m = ________.33 m3_________________
b. 124.5 g + 52.673 g + 20.0 g = ______197.2 g___________________
7. Identify how many significant digits are in each of the following measurements and write your answer on the line.
a. 187.032 g ____6 (Pacific Rule)_________
b. 130,040 _____5 (Atlantic Rule)_________
c. 0.0601 m3 ____3 (Pacific Rule)_________
d. 620 L ______2 (Atlantic Rule)__________
Round (a) and (b) to 2 significant figures. (a)_____190___________
(b) _____130,000______________
8. Convert the following values into the requested units:
(a) 20 km = ___20,000_______ m
(b) 1.6 km = __160,000____ cm
(c) 450 mL = __0.450_______ L
(d) 9,506 g = ___9.506____ kg
(e) 3150 s = ___52.5____ min.
(f) 0.059 L = __59_____ mL
(g) 1.15 kg = __1150_____ g
(h) 10.6 mg = ____0.0106______ g
(i) 145 nm = __0.145______μm
(i) 10.5 hL = __105,000________ cL
9. A. Two students made multiple weighings of a copper cylinder, each using a different balance. The “correct” mass of
the cylinder has been previously determined to be 47.432 grams. Describe the accuracy and precision of each student’s
measurements.
Weighing (grams)
Weighing 1
Weighing 2
Weighing 3
Weighing 4
Igor
47.13
47.94
46.83
47.47
Katja
47.95
47.91
47.89
47.93
Igor: Igor’s measurements are less precise than Katja’s. His fourth weighing is the most accurate. (You could do a
percent error calculation to support this second statement).
Katja: Katja’s measurements are precise, but none of them are particularly accurate, although (again) you could use a
percent error calculation to prove either that the are accurate (only 1 %) off or that they are not. With supportive evidence,
I would take both answers.
10. Psychology researchers wonder if certain types of music will enhance the cognitive ability (intelligence) of rats.
Eighteen laboratory rats are trained to run through mazes. The rats are separated into three groups of five. One group
listens to a CD of nature sounds for an hour. Then, one at a time, they are placed in a new maze and timed as they run to
the food at the end. A second group is played a CD of classical music (Beethoven) for an hour and then given the same
task. A third group is played a CD of heavy metal music (Metallica!!!) for the same length of time and then run the mazes.
The researchers find that the average time is 95 s. for the first group, 74 s. for the second group, and 128 s. for the third
group.
Which group is the control group? ______nature sounds________________
What is the independent variable for this experiment? ________type of music/sound_________________________
What is the dependent variable in this experiment? __________time in maze_________________________
What might the hypothesis be for this experiment?
There are many possible answers. Here is one: Rats played classical music will travel the maze faster, because the
soothing music enhances their cognitive ability.
How might you improve this experiment?
More rats. A greater range of music.
10. Calculate the area of this paper in square centimeters (cm2) using the measuring device provided. Measure and
calculate as precisely as possible. (Area = length x width)
Remember measuring rules (estimate the last digit) and significant figure rules.