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Intro to Genetics Quiz
Select the correct answer. Record your answers in the box to the left.
Answer Box
1. _______
2. _______
3. _______
4. _______
5. _______
1. Heterozygous means ______.
a. Information about heritable traits
b. having a pair of identical (same) alleles on a gene
c. crossing over results
d. having a pair of non-identical alleles on a gene
2. Homozygous means_____.
a. Information about heritable traits
b. mixed/ different forms of a gene that are possible
c. having a pair of identical (same) alleles on a gene
d. Observable (expressed) Inherited traits
e. having a pair of non-identical alleles on a gene
3. An allele is _______.
a. Observable (expressed) Inherited traits
b. unique/ different forms of a gene that are possible
c. particular genes carried by an individual
d. crossing over results
e. having a pair of non-identical alleles on a gene
4. Genotype is _______.
a. Observable (expressed, can physically see) Inherited traits
b. mixed/ different forms of a gene that are possible
c. particular genes carried by an individual
d. crossing over results
e. having a pair of non-identical alleles on a gene
5. Phenotype is ________.
a. Observable (expressed, can physically see) Inherited traits
b. mixed/ different forms of a gene
c. particular genes carried by an individual
d. crossing over results
e. having a pair of non-identical alleles on a gene
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6. A dominant allele _______.
Answer Box
a. is represented by a capital letter, such as “A”
b. is represented by a lower case letter, such as “a”
6. _______
c. has the ability to mask other traits
d. both a and c
e. both b and c
7. _______
8. _______
9. _______
10. _______
11. _______
12. _______
13. _______
14. _______
7. A recessive allele ________.
a. is represented by a capital letter, such as “A”
b. is represented by a lower case letter, such as “a”
c. has the ability to mask other traits
d. both a and c
e. both b and c
8. Hybrid offspring _______.
a. is when offspring inherit a pair of identical alleles for a trait
b. is when offspring inherit a pair of non-identical alleles for a trait.
9. Diffusion is ___________.
a. use of energy to move materials
b. division of nuclear materials
c. movement of materials from high concentration to low concentration
10. Mitosis is ___________.
a. use of energy to move materials
b. division of nuclear materials
c. movement of materials from high concentration to low concentration
11. Cellular respiration is _______________.
a. production of food
b. the process of breathing
c. production of energy
12. Mitosis produces _____ identical cell(s).
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
13. DNA is not made up of ____________.
a. water
b. phosphate
c. sugar
d. nitrogen bases
14. Which nitrogen base bonds with cytosine?
a. adenine
b. guanine
c. thymine
d. cytosine
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Application
Use the information for SpongeBob’s traits to write the phenotype for each
item.
Answer Box
15. _______
16. _______
15. Ll: __________________
17. Ss: __________________
17. _______
18. rr: ____________________
and a black female produces three male kittens. What color are the kittens? How do you know?
19. Draw a picture of SpongeBob based on the traits identified above.
(8pts)
18. _______
20. _______
20. Which cell illustrates prophase?
21. _______
21. Which cell illustrates anaphase?
22. _______
16. YY: __________________
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THURSDAY, Feb. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Four new genes associated with type 2 diabetes have
been identified by researchers, who also pinpointed six independent diabetes-associated genes at
previously known locations on chromosomes. The results offer valuable insight into the genetic
risk for type 2 diabetes in multiple ethnic groups and could help lead to new treatments,
according to a journal news release.
A number of environmental and genetic factors are associated with type 2 diabetes. "Together,
known [type 2 diabetes] genetic versions explain only about 10 percent of the genetic variance,
indicating that additional genetic factors are likely to contribute to disease risk," senior study
co-author Dr. Brendan Keating, of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, said in the news
release.
"Further, previous studies have been based almost exclusively on individuals of European
ancestry, and genetic contributors to [type 2 diabetes] are less well understood in non-European
populations," he added. "An important first step towards understanding genetic risk across
populations is to establish whether known [diabetes-associated] genes span ethnicities or are
population-specific."
Keating and an international team of colleagues analyzed 39 multiethnic studies on type 2
diabetes that included more than 17,000 people with diabetes and 70,000 people without the
disease.
"As a result of our large-scale genetic analysis, we uncovered previously unknown multiethnic
genetic variations and confirmed that, together, known genetic risk factors influence [type 2
diabetes] risk in multiethnic populations, including African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians,"
senior co-author Richa Saxena, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical
School. Saxena said that identifying new genes associated with type 2 diabetes in diverse ethnic
groups could eventually guide strategies for developing treatments.
22. How many new genes associated with type 2 diabetes were found?
a. one b. two c. three d. four
23. What makes this discovery so valuable?
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ANSWERS
1. E. having a pair of non-identical alleles at a gene locus
2. C. having a pair of identical (same) alleles at a gene locus
3. B. unique/ different molecular forms of a gene that are possible at a given locus
4. C. particular genes carried by an individual
5. A. Observable (expressed, can physically see) Inherited traits
6. D. both a and c
7. B. is represented by a lower case letter, such as “a”
8. B. is when offspring of genetic crosses inherit a pair of non-identical alleles for a trait.
12.
Ee x ee yields Geno- ½ Ee, ½ ee
Pheno- ½ free, ½ attached
ratio of 1:1
E
e
e
Ee
ee
Ee
ee
13.
Ee x Ee yields
Geno- ¼ EE, ½ Ee and ¼ ee
Pheno- ¾ free, ¼ attached
Ratio of 1:2:1
E
e
EE
Ee
Ee
ee
14.
e
E
e
Each parent is homozygous for a trait.
Geno- TT, tt
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15.
GGSs x Ggss yields Geno- ¼ GGSs, ¼ GGss, ¼ GgSs, ¼ Ggss
Pheno- ½ Green, Short, ½ Green, Long
GS
Gs
GS
Gs
Gs
GGSs
GGss
GGSs
GGss
GGSs
GGss
GGSs
GGss
Gs
GGSs
GGss
GGSs
GGss
gs
GGSs
GGss
GGSs
GGss
gs
16.
ggSS x GgSs yields Geno- ¼ GgSS, ¼ GgSs, ¼ ggss, ¼ ggSs
Pheno- ½ green, short, ½ striped, short
gS
gS
gS
gS
GS
GgSS
GgSS
GgSS
GgSS
GgSs
GgSs
GgSs
GgSs
Gs
ggSS
ggSS
ggSS
ggSS
gS
ggSs
ggSs
ggSs
ggSs
gs
17. TNTL x TNTL yields
Geno- ¼ TNTN, ½ TNTL, ¼ TLTL
Pheno- ¼ no tail, ½ short tail, ¼ long tail
N = no tail, L = long tail
TN
TL
TNTN
TNTL
TNTL
TLTL
TN
TL
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18. The kittens are all black. The key to the problems is that all the kittens are male XY. Each
has only one X chromosome, which were inherited from the mother. Since the mother is black,
a trait produces by a recessive allele, any X chromosome from the mother must carry the allele
for black coat color. That means the kittens would be XyY or black in color.
19. XCY x XNXC yields
Geno- ¼ XCXN, ¼ XNY, ¼ XCXC, ¼ XCY
Pheno- ¼ normal female, ¼ colorblind female
¼ normal male, ¼ colorblind male
C = colorblind, N = normal, XX = female, XY = male
XC
Y
XCXN
XNY
XCXC
XC Y
XN
XC