W11 C
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
Session Plan
W11 – Context Specific Session
C: Water and Cold Climates
Welcome &
feedback Day
1
W10W11Operation & Context
maintenance specific
30 mins
2 hrs
NOTE: Given
A.
B.
C.
D.
45 mins
Workshop
evaluation
30 mins
W12 - Site Visit &
discussions
Feedback on
site vistit
2 hr 45 mins
30 mins
Closure
15 mins
time allows for only 1 of the 4 possible context specific sections:
Armed conflict
Urban environments
Cold climates
Arid and semi-arid environments
Session-at-a-Glance
Session Activities
Approx.
Time
Instructional Activity
Identify particular challenges faced in cold
climates
15 mins
Small group discussion and
plenary feedback.
Discussion of possible responses in cold
climates
15 mins
Case study discussion with
power point presentation
Discussion on provision of hot water for
bathing in cold climates
15 mins
Plenary discussion with
power point presentation
Total time
45 mins
Session Aims

The participants will have increased knowledge on features of emergency water supply
provision in cold climates.
Session Objectives
By the end of the session, participants will better understand:

The provision of emergency water supply in cold climates
Session Materials

Computer and projector

Flip chart and pens

Handouts: - Buttle, M, Smith, M & Shaw, R (no date) ‘Emergency water supply in
cold regions’, Waterlines Technical Brief, No 62 (W11.5)
- Islam, M. F. & Johnston, R. B. (2006) ‘Household pasteurization of
Drinking-water: The Chulli Water-treatment System’, J Health Popul.
Nutr, Sept 2006, 24(3):356-362 (W11.6)
- Taillandier, V & Villeminot, N (2006) ‘Technical Guidelines for Warm
Bath Shelter’, Action Contre la Faim – Pakistan Mission (W11.7)
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WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W11 C
Key Messages

Raised awareness of the adaptations which may need to be made to standard
responses for an emergency water response in a cold climate.
Facilitator Guidance
Background reading for facilitator:

Buttle, M & Smith, M (1999) ‘Out in the Cold, Emergency Water Supply and
Sanitation for Cold Regions’, WEDC

Buttle, M, Smith, M & Shaw, R (no date) ‘Emergency water supply in cold regions’,
Waterlines Technical Brief, No 62
Session plan
Exercise – particular challenges in cold climates: (15 min)
PP slide 2
2. Sit in small groups of 2 or 3 and identify the particular
challenges that an emergency water response may have in a
cold climate
Ask two or three of the groups to feedback, and then any
other participants to add additional challenges
Overview of considerations and possible responses in cold climates: (15 min)
PP slides 3-9
Use the points on the PowerPoint slides to highlight a number of the considerations which
need to be made in cold climates in response to the challenges and also possible responses
Session Plan – W11 C
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WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W11 C
Hot water for bathing in cold climates: (15 min)
PP slides 10-22
10. The provision of hot water for bathing was a particular
challenge after the Pakistan earthquake and WASH
practitioners struggled with solutions. Therefore some
examples are noted here. The on-going supply of fuel is a
particular constraint.
11&12. Case study: hot water
heater provided by Oxfam GB in
Abbatobad.
13&14. Case study – Austrian & German Red Cross bathing
block with hot water, Battagram, constructed as part of the
Pakistan Red Crescent Society earthquake response. The
block was designed for both women and men to use, with a
separation between the men’s and women’s side, which was
agreed upon in a first meeting with the Community. However
in the context of the strong traditions in the area (Pashtun
communities), the joint block was found not to be culturally
acceptable in the context in this village of 20 people and it
was not well used. The overall principle of provision of hot
water and private bathing units is however, still a useful one
– if the units were provided as separate facilities for men or
women in different locations, or ideally for families it may
have worked. Single sex communal facilities worked in other
areas of the earthquake response.
Session Plan – W11 C
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WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W11 C
15&16. Case study – Single sex
warm bath shelters with hot
water by ACF, in Balakot, NWFP,
Pakistan after the earthquake,
with
water
heated
using
kerosene. They were managed
by the community who took a
small fee for use by adults
(children could use the facility for
free). It was planned for each adult to be able to bathe 2 to 3 times a week. They worked
well except that they had a problem of the continuity of supply of kerosene (being supplied
by UNDP). It was also difficult to get women to use them as the women in the camps in
their home villages would not have left home. Additional information can be found in the
handout by Taillandier, V & Villeminot, N, which gives design guidelines and construction
and running costs. Also see the associated monitoring tool.
17&18. Solar water heating –
Supported by OXFAM-GB in a
medical camp in the Pakistan
earthquake response using ten
parallel fluorescent light tubes
which raised approximately 60
litres of water at a time to
approx 65oC on the worst cloud
covered days in the Pakistan
winter.
19&20. Case study – Electric
water heated showers, Bam
earthquake response – Electric
water heated showers were
supported by ACF as part of
the Bam earthquake response.
They were supplied as 1 unit
for groups of 3-5 families (in
this context sometimes more
than 1 family shared a tent). The families helped to dig the drainage pits. One complete
shower unit (box, heater and plumbing accessories & transportation to Bam) as constructed
by a contractor came to 3,300,000 Iranian Rials (which converts to approximately USD 355
per unit at 2007 conversion rates). The heaters were powered by electricity, a commodity
which was available free at the time. The units were very successful and very well accepted
by both populations and the authorities
21. Case study – Chulli system – This was designed in Bangladesh by the Rajshahi
University and tested by the local organisation Integrated
Approach to Community, funded by UNICEF. It was designed
to provide improved quality drinking water, but also has the
added benefit of providing hot water. Basically the water is
heated in pipes wrapped around the cooking stove so the
water is heated when the stove is being used for other
purposes. The Chulli system was being trialled and
implemented by OXFAM-GB in the 2007 cyclone response.
Refer to the paper by Islam, M. F. & Johnston, R. B. for more
details.
Session Plan – W11 C
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WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W11 C
22. Summarise the session, reminding participants of the
importance of user input into design.
Session Plan – W11 C
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