QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
-Unit 5.4
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Why does most of Asia suffer from strong winds and
heavy rain in summer?
Key Questions:
1. What are weather and climate?
2. What are the key elements of weather or climate?
3. How do we read a weather chart?
4. How do we draw a climatic graph?
5. What are the characteristics of our climate?
6. What is the formation of typhoons?
7. What are the effects of typhoons?
8. What are the preventive measures and relief measures?
Preparatory task
Find out the meaning of the BOLD words. Write down the definition in Chinese in the table below.
 (1) Weather refers to the condition of the air around us over a short period of time.
 (2) Climate refers to the average weather conditions over many years.
 (3) Monsoons refer to winds that change with the season.
 (4) Onshore winds refer to winds that blow from sea to land while (5) offshore winds refer to winds
that blow from land to sea.
 Typhoon is a (6) tropical storm. It is also called a (7) tropical cyclone.
 Air temperature, wind, (8) air pressure, (9) precipitation, (10) relative humidity and sunshine are
the key elements of weather or climate.
 (11) Fog, rain, (12) drizzle, snow, (13) showers and (14) thunderstorm are the examples of
precipitation.
 (15) Emergency planning, (16) immediate rescue, (17) better building design, public education
and setting up warning systems are the measures responded to typhoons in Hong Kong.
 (18) Great economic loss, (19) transportation suspended, (20) natural vegetation damaged,
loss of life and property, flooding and landslides are effects of typhoons.
English
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living
with natural hazards 
1. weather
Chinese
Name:
天氣
2. climate
氣候
3. monsoons
季風
4. onshore winds
向岸風
5. offshore winds
離岸風
6. tropical storm
熱帶風暴
7. tropical cyclone
熱帶氣旋
8. air pressure
氣壓
9. precipitation
降水
10.
relative humidity
相對濕度
11.
fog
霧
12.
drizzle
毛毛雨
13.
showers
驟雨
14.
thunderstorm
雷暴
15.
emergency planning
緊急救援
16.
immediate rescue
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
即時拯救
17. better building design
較好的樓宇設計
18. great economic loss
大規模經濟損失
19. transportation suspension
交通癱瘓
20. damage to agriculture
農業受破壞
21. disruption of daily life
擾亂日常生活
22. triggering of secondary natural hazards
引發自然災害
2
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Name:
1. What are weather and climate? (Textbook, p.42)
Refer to the information below and answer the questions.
Information A
i)
Information B
Which one refers to weather? Which one refers to climate?
_ Information A __ refers to weather. __ Information B _ refers to climate.
ii) Define the weather.
Weather is the condition of the air around us over a short period of time.
iii) Define the climate?
Climate refers to _ the average weather conditions over many years.
2. What are the key elements of weather or climate? (Textbook, p.42)
Watch the “Weather Report” and complete the following table.
Element of
Definition
weather/climate
Air temperature
Amount of heat in the air
Unit of
measurement
C or F
Wind
Movement of air
Wind direction
Air pressure
Weight of the air
Hectopascals(hPa)
Precipitation
Water falling from the sky in the form of rain,
snow, etc.
Relative humidity
Sunshine
Amount of moisture in the air
Amount of light and heat received from the
mm
%
Hours
sun
3
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Name:
3. How do we read a weather chart? (Textbook, p.43)

A weather chart shown below displays various weather conditions over a particular area
at a particular time.
Task 1:
The figure below shows a weather chart for Hong Kong on a given day. Study the
weather chart.
_Temperature___



_ Air pressure____
Shown by _ numbers __ , measured in
Degrees Celsius(℃).
For example, the temperature of Lijiang is
_17C.
______.


Shown by _ isobars ___ , measured in
hectopascals (hPa).
For example, the air pressure near Guilin
is between 1002hPa and 1004hPa.

Special weather conditions

The following symbols are
used:

For example, there is _shower__
near Hainan.
__Wind_______________

Wind data are shown using flag-like_____symbols:
- Wind direction: by the direction of __tail_________
- Wind speed: by the number of
_strokes_________

For example, there is ___southern wind__________in
Xisha Dao and the wind speed is _10m/s______
.
4
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Task 2:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Name:
Describe the weather conditions of Hong Kong based on the above chart.

Temperature:
25C

Wind direction:
South-western wind

Wind speed:
12.5 m/s

Air pressure:
1004 hPa

Special weather conditions:
Nil (no precipitation)
Task 3:
Describe the above weather conditions of Hong Kong in paragraph.
Hints:

The temperature of Hong Kong was

Winds were blowing from the south-west

The air pressure was 1004 hPa .
There were
25C .
at a speed of 12.5 m/s
.
no precipitation
On that day, the temperature of Hong Kong was 25C. Wind was blowing
from the south-west at a speed of 12.5 m/s. The air pressure was 1004 hPa.
There was no precipitation.
5
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
4. How do we draw a climatic graph? (Textbook, p.44-46)
Task 1: The following figure shows the climatic graph of Hong Kong. Study the
figure and complete the table below to understand the climatic graph and the
climatic characteristics of Hong Kong.
A climatic graph shows the records and distribution of the mean monthly temperature
and __total monthly rainfall ___ of a place.


In a climatic graph, the mean monthly temperature is shown by _ a line graph .
The monthly rainfall is shown by __ a bar graph __.

The highest monthly temperature : July and August

with 29C
The lowest monthly temperature : January with
16C

Annual range of temperature : 13C (29C-16C

Average annual temperature: (281C/12) 23.4C

Annual rainfall: 2400mm

Months with rainfall more than 250mm:
Hong Kong is relatively (warm /
cool) the year round. The hottest
period is usually July and August
and the coolest period is usually _
January _.
Rainfall in Hong Kong is (evenly /
unevenly) distributed. It mainly
comes in (summer / winter).
May, June, July, August and September
6
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
**Task 2: Refer to the ‘ skills box ’ (Textbook p.45-46), complete the climatic graph of
City X in Notebook.
5. What are the characteristics of our climate? (Textbook, p.44-46)
Task 1: Refer to the climatic graph of Hong Kong in Section 4. Describe the
characteristics of Hong Kong by completing the table below with the following
words.
Temperature
Rainfall
Table 5.1
hot
dry
mild
wet
cool warm
moderate rainfall
The characteristics of climate of Hong Kong
Month
December to February
March to April
May to September
October to November
Characteristics
Season
cool and dry
Winter
warm and moderate rainfall
Spring
hot and wet
Summer
Mild and dry
Autumn
Task 2: Study the weather charts below showing the weather conditions on a given day in
summer and winter in Hong Kong.
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2
7
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
i)
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Name:
Complete the table below to compare the weather conditions of Hong Kong on these two
days.
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2
Temperature
12C
31C
Air pressure
between 1026hPa and 1028 hPa
between 1004hPa and 1006 hPa
North-east
South-east
7.5 m/s
5 m/s
Wind direction
Wind speed
ii) What is the season of Hong Kong as shown in the weather charts respectively?
Figure 5.1 is winter and Figure 5.2 is summer.
iii) Describe the wind directions of Hong Kong in these two days.
In Figure 5.1, the wind blows from land to sea.
In Figure 5.2, the wind blows from sea to land.
iv) What kinds of wind did Hong Kong have in these two days?
Figure 5.1 is offshore winds and Figure 5.2 is onshore winds.
v)
Explain why the wind directions in Hong Kong are so different in these two days.
It is because Hong Kong is affected by monsoons. Monsoons refer to winds that
change with the seasons.
Summer monsoon
The land is heated
_rises and form
.Warm air
low
pressure.
Temperature of the sea is lower
high pressure is formed.
Wind blows from
Winter monsoon
sea
,
to land.
The land is
cooled
.Cool air
sinks
and form high pressure.
Temperature of the sea is
higher ,
low pressure is formed.
Wind blows from
land
to sea.
vi) As shown in Figure 5.2, describe and explain the weather condition of Hong Kong on
that day?
Hong Kong has thunderstorm on that day. It is because the monsoon comes from the
8
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
sea. The winds are moist. They bring heavy rainfall and sometimes major
rainstorms in summer.
6. What are the causes of typhoons? (Textbook, p.50)
Typhoon Nuri attacked Hong Kong from 21 to 23 August 2008. Study the following
figures and complete the questions.
The eye, where there is
little rain or wind
Spiral rain belt, where there are
strong winds and heavy rainfall
Figure 6.1
Typoon Nuri in 2008
Figure 6.2 The track of Typhoon Nuri
(18 to 23 Aug 2008)
Figure 6.3 The position of Typhoon Nuri on
21 Aug 2008
Figure 6.4
Figure 6.5 The position of Typhoon Nuri on 22
The position of Typhoon Nuri on
9
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Name:
22 Aug 2008
(i)
23 Aug 2008
Refer to figure 6.3 to 6.5. How does a typhoon affect the weather of Hong Kong?
Complete the following table.
Table 6.1 Summary of weather changes during Typhoon Nuri, 2008
Elements of
21 August 2008
22 August 2008
23 August 2008
(As the typhoon
(When the typhoon was
(After the typhoon had
weather
approached 接近 HK)
very near Hong Kong)
left Hong Kong)
Temperature
31℃
29℃
25℃
Air pressure
1004-1006 hPa
994-996hPa
1004 hPa
Wind direction
SE
NW
SW
Wind speed
5 m/s
12.5 m/s
12.5 m/s
Precipitation
Nil
Shower
Nil
(ii) What is the formation of typhoons?
Draw an annotated diagram to show the formation of typhoons.
10
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
7. What are the effects of typhoons? (Textbook, p.51-52)
The figures below show some information about the damage caused by the typhoon Megi
in October 2010.
(i) Use a graphic organizer (
the Notebook.
) to show the effects of typhoons. Complete it in
11
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
8. What are the preventive and relief measures? (Textbook, p.53-54)
Task 1: The figures below show some measures carried out in Hong Kong to
response to typhoons. Study the figures and describe the measures.
A typhoon shelter in Causeway Bay
Measure 1:
Police rescued people during flooding
caused by typhoon
Emergency planning
Some tropical cyclone
warning signal
Measure 3:
Underground flood storage tank at
Tai Hang Tung
Measure 2 :
Special Announcement on
Flooding in the northern New
Territories
Immediate rescue
Thunderstorm Warning
Signal
Setting up warning systems
Publicity video excerpts related to response
measures against typhoons
12
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Name:
Measure 4: Better building design
Measure 5:
Public education
Task 2: Classify the above measures based on the following criteria.
Criteria
Measures
Preventive measures
1, 3, 4, 5
Relief measures
2
Task 3: Describe FIVE effects of typhoons.
1.
The first effect is ___great economic loss____________________________.
2.
The second effect is ___loss of life and property__________________.
3.
The third effect is _triggering secondary natural hazards_
(e.g. flooding, landslide)
4.
The fourth effect is _damage to agriculture________________.
5.
The fifth effect is ___disruption of daily life_________.
Task 4: List / Suggest the preventive measures responded to typhoons.
1.
The first preventive measure is ___emergency planning__________________.
2.
The second preventive measure is ___public education_______.
3.
The third preventive measure is __setting warning system_______________.
4.
The fourth preventive measure is ___better building design____________.
Task 4: List / Suggest the relief measure responded to typhoons.
1.
The relief measure is ____immediate rescue_______________________.
13
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
14
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Which of the following shows the correct wind direction in summer in Hong Kong?
A
B
C
D
15
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale
Category
Typhoon
Severe Tropical Storm
Tropical Storm
Tropical Depression
Sustained winds
64–84 knots
118–156 km/h
48–63 knots
89–117 km/h
34–47 knots
62–88 km/h
≤33 knots
≤61 km/h
16
QESOSA Tong Kwok Wah Secondary School
Living with natural hazards 
Name:
2013-2014 S3 Geography
(
)
S.3(
)
17