Stylistics Worksheet 1 Peter Barry’s Stylistics Name:
1. Stylistics is ..
St. No.:
2. Examples of findings of the science of linguistics are
a)
b)
c)
3. What contributions are expected from stylistics?
4. What is the object of stylistics?
5. How does stylistics treat literary language?
6. What did students learn from rhetoric?
7. What professions benefited from the study of rhetoric?
8. How is linguistic/stylistic criticism different from conventional literary criticism?
9. According to Fabb and Durant, what is the weakness of literary criticism?
10. What difference of opinion about poetic language did Wordsworth and Coleridge have?
11. What linguistic terms are used in stylistic criticism?
12. What terms are used in close reading (literary criticism)?
13. What are hard data in stylistics? How are they different from intuitions?
14. What are examples of hard data as shown by MacCabe?
15. What are examples of hard data in Hardy’s Tess of the D’Ubervilles?
Stylistics Worksheet 2 Verdonk’s Concept of Style (3-9) Name:
St.No.:
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1. The simplest meanings of the word ‘style’ are …
and …
2. A more sophisticated meaning of the word ‘style’ is …
as used in particular styles of architecture and writing.
3. While in “They live in grand style” the word ‘style’ means …
4. Style in language means …
5. Accordingly, stylistics is defined as …
6. The quote on page 4 is called a …
The distinctive features of headlinese are (1)
(2)
As a result, a headline has …
7. Phonologically, the quote is also pleasing because
and its style is called …
8. The impact on the readers is strengthened through its …
namely:
with another text,
9. Style as a motivated choice means that it is adopted …
10. Foregrounding means
11. Elements for foregrounding can be (1)
(3)
(4)
(6)
or even ( 7) …
12. Style is found in its linguistic context, which refers to …
such as (1)
(2)
and (4)
13. Another context is called …
(2)
(5)
(3)
, which is much more
Examples of this context are (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5).
14. Also an important element of this context is the writer’s assumption about …
15. Is the blurb on pp. 7-8 suitable for an academic review or essay? Why?
16. What is the purpose of the blurb?
17. What techniques are used to highlight that the author is an important one?
(1)
, like
(2)
, like
(3)
like
(4)
Stylistics Worksheet 3 Crystal’s Texts & Varieties (290-7) Name:
St.No.:
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TEXTS AND VARIETIES (290)
1. How is stylistics related to our language behaviour?
2. What is the role of linguistic features in communicative products?
3. What texts have a communicative purpose easier to identify than a novel?
4. Compare the boundaries of written texts and those of spoken ones?
5. Indicate the relationships among situations, texts, and distinctive linguistic features?
6. Describe the relationships with an example.
7. How are linguistic features different from stylistic features?
SPEECH AND WRITING (291)
1.Why is speech different from writing?
2. Compare the status of the spoken and written language?
3. Why is speech more spontaneous and faster than writing?
4. How is the spoken language lexically and grammatically different from the written language?
5. What are unique features of speech?
6. What are unique features of writing?
MIXED MEDIUM
1.Why are some sentences said in sotto voce?
2.Why are texts on the blackboard with mixed media?
MONOLOGUE AND DIALOGUE & UNEXPECTED FEATURES OF DIALOGUE
1. What activities are related to monologue?
2. What activities are related to dialogue?
3. What are the characteristics of monologue?
4. What are the characteristics of dialogue?
5. What is the reality of real dialogue?
Stylistics Worksheet 4 Occupational Varieties etc. (370-91) Name:
St.No.:
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1. How is our occupational dialect different from our geographical dialect?
2. What are examples of occupational linguistic identities?
3. Why is religious English most distinctive of all occupational varieties?
a)
b)
c)
4. What are the characteristics of religious English?
5. Describe four grammatical features of scientific English?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6. How is legal English similar to scientific English and religious English?
7. What are the functions of legal English?
8. What is the goal of the Plain English Campaign?
9. What is the objection the Plain English movement?
10. What are the characteristics of plain English?
a)
b)
11. Give an example of the three-part list technique in political English?
12. What is the technique used for?
13. What pressure is found in news reporting?
Stylistics Worksheet 5 Frank Madden’s Language and Style Name:
St.No.:
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1. How can we read the poem more effectively?
2. Describe the speaker in Robert Browning’s “Porphyria’s Lover”.
3. What linguistic features are often used to indicate the tone of a poem?
4. Identify the tone in Langston Hughes’ “A Dream Deferred”. What features do you use?
5. Identify the tone in F. Cornford’s “The Guitarist Tunes Up”. What features do you use?
6. What is a simile? Example?
7. What is a metaphor? Example?
8. What are the common features of many product brand names?
9. What figures of speech are used in C. Sandburg’s “Fog”?
10. Why are flags and logos 66 symbols?
11. Mention the three categories of symbols (and their examples).
12. What symbols are used in R. Frost’s “The Road Not Taken”? What do they stand for?
13. What language features are used in the limerick on page 70?
14. Define each:
Rhyme:
Alliteration:
Assonance:
Consonance:
15. What is meter?
What is a foot
What is the most common form of meter in English poetry?
16. What is the meter pattern in Shakespeare’s “Sonnet No. 29”?
Stylistics Worksheet 6 Verdonk’s Style in Literature (11-16) Name:
St.No.:
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1. Examples of texts of particular genres: (1)
(2)
(3)
2. How does identifying the genre of a text help us?
3. A simple of definition of genre is …
4. Four characteristics of poetry as a genre are (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
5. What we learn from the texts of the news headline and the publisher’s blurb is that …
6. The function of poetry is as a language of …
7. Poetry does notmake ….
, which means
, which means that
8. Reading poetry satisfies our needs to (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
9. Thomas Hardy’s poem consists of …. stanza and there are … lines in each.
10. In daily communication, language use must be ………….. and …….
11. In literary texts, we construct …
12. In literary text we experience a literary text as
in which we
13. Examples of metaphoric animacy in the first stanza are (1)
and (2)
14. The poem sounds degrading for women because …
15. The absence of human control of themselves and the environment implies ….
16. The near-absence of human grammatical subjects implies …
17. The desolate state of their love relationship is shown by the words (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
18. The internal foregrounding in the poem is shown by ….
19. Internal foregrounding is understood as …
20. The title “Neutral Tones” is reflected in …
It obviously alludes …
(5)
Stylistics Wsheet 8Verdonk’s Perspectives on Meaning (29-40) Name:
St.No.:
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1. Stylistics is concerned with
2. Interpretation of an event is based on …
3. As a protest, Pieter Saenredam’s Interior of the Church of St. Bavo in Harlem is metaphorical
of …
4. Any change of perspective on a fictional world will result in …
5. We make sense of a text by …
6. When reading a text, we might agree on …
disagree on
but
7. The narrator of a story is …
8. We infer the narrating person by …
9. The narrator in An Artist expresses a subjective perspective which allows us to …
10. Because it is the narrator’s own account, we might ask …
11. The house in the story is described in
because
12. From the wording, we might conclude that the narrator is ………………… to people of
13. When reading a fiction, we are drawn into the fictional world and we feel as if we were …
14. The first-person narrator is more…
15. The second person in a fictional work is …
16. Stylistic markers of perspective and positioning are shown by three deictics: (1)
.eg.
(2)
eg.
(3)
eg.
17. The marker of given information is the use of …
18. Given information is in the text to enable the narrator to …
19. By mentioning “the hill”, the narrator assumes that the readers
20. Therefore, given and new information are presented based on the narrator’s assumption on …
21. The narrator’s ideological perspective is …
22. A powerful tool for the ideological perspective is the use of …
23. The narrator’s attitude to an event is also shown with …
24. Sentence adverbs are used to …
25. The syntax of a text enables us to identify …
words, such as …
, which is …
Stylistics Wsheet 10 Verdonk’s Prspctvs on Lit Intrprtn (54-65) Name:
No.:
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1. Perspectives in literary texts can be inferred from …
2. The above approach, which is only one of the many literary approaches, is called
3. Generally speaking, literary criticism studies the significance of …
while stylistics studies how this significance can be …
4. Linguistic textures of literary texts are …
5. When analyzing Osborne’s Battle of Waterloo, literary critics is interested in relating the
events to the whole
, with the interplay of
, the relationship
between
and
., etc.
6. Literary critics might also see how this novel ….
with Osborne’s other novels, or the
typical
and
of the period.
7. Linguistic texture cannot reveal those macro features but might provide evidences reflected in
the
of linguistic feature.
8. Analyzing a complete novel will be …
9. Poems are stylistically analyzable because they are …
though computers might help.
10. Macro analysis on the poem on page 57 might question the relationship between …
11. The poem title often serves as a point of reference to the ….
12. The poem is basically about the
…
because of his ….
between the poet and his
13. In the poem the conflict is shown with the poet’s …
14. Certain words and their derivatives reveal the sense of …
15. The poem is labeled by Ian Hamilton as “ill-made’ because of its …
16. In the stylistic analysis, we try to find out …..
the poet’s struggle and conflict in the poem.
to support our impression about
17. Graphologically, the interesting point of the poem is …
18. Lexically, the interesting point of the poem is
19. Syntactically, the interesting point of the poem is
20. Phonologically, the interesting point of the poem is
21. Intertextually, this poem is related to …
22. The title of the work is ambiguous because
23. The son-vs-mother conflict is also represented by the conflict between the poem ….
and
Styl. Worksheet 11 Verdonk’s Stlics and Ideo Prspctvs (67-78) Name:
St. No:
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1. Literary effects is a matter of realizing …
2. What are the positive points of Pope’s quotation on page 69?
a)
b)
3. The negative point of the quotation is …
4. In sum, we admire
but deplore
5. According to Verdonk, Betjeman’s poem shows that the wife’s role is in
6. The dominant reading of a text is …
7. A resistant reading a text is …
8. The wife’s response to the man’s sensation and emotion is …
9. The ideological perspective of a text is …
10. The representation of a text is
11. The reference of a text is
12. Linguistic criticism is …
13. Critical discourse analysis is basically the analysis of the
14. The quoted phrases on page 75 are examples of which ….
15. The underlying ideology of the quoted phrases is …
16. The political ideology underlying the titles on page 76 is that …
17. The main task of CDA is
18. In CDA readers cannot be …
of a text.
Stylistics Worksheet 1 (Aitchison 2003: 148-156) “Style and language” Name:
St. No.
1. Why are people reluctant to analyze the language of literary works?
2. What is shown about human language by literary language?
3. How are literary texts traditionally differentiated from non-literary texts?
4. What is the objection on the above distinction?
5. Stylistics is …
Styles are language features/elements used for …
6. Examples of registers are …
Therefore, registers are …
7. Features are foregrounded when they are …
purposes/effects.
by …
Two different effects of foregrounding are (1) …
and (2) …
The main purpose of foregrounding is to …
Poetry language is often …
because if otherwise it will be …
8. What peculiar style is shown in Dickens’ Pickwick Papers?
What is peculiar in Ogden Nash’s poem?
The above alteration of ….
is …….
except in …
What is peculiar with Housman’s poem?
What is peculiar with Shelley’s poem?
What is peculiar with Keats’ poem?
How are those peculiarities different from the ordinary language?
Why are major deviations rarely found?
9. What is the relation between words and literature?
Oldish words and unconventional abbreviations are by some thought as
but now they are …
10. Rather than using strange words, writers try to …
Tropes are …
, which mean …
A simile is …
A metaphor is …
Metaphors are used both in …
and …
Examples of non-poetic metaphors are …
Stale metaphors are …
, which means …
in order to …
, e.g. …
, e.g. …
and
, e.g. …
To be poetic metaphors must be …
so they are … but not … 11.
Tennyson’s poem contains ….
created by …
Rep….. makes literary works …
In literature it is …
and ….
Shelley’s poem contain rh …
, which are …
Poetic metres are defined as ..
They are more …
and more …
12. Longfellow’s poem contain …
, which are …
Kipling’s poem contain …
, which are…
13. Poems often have fixed skeletons. A sonnet has …
, while a limerick …
In journalese, the language is often considered …
However, Orwell wrote that it must be (1) …
(2) …
and (3) …
A typical news summary is written in a hard-news formula, which is …
This summary is the basis for a newspaper …
After the summary, what follows is a …
, where the first is …
14. Advertisements must be …
and …
They can be done by (1) …
(2) …
, and (3) …
Verbs are often …
because …
If not, they should be in the form of …
or in …
sentences
and in the …
tense. Keywords are first and followed by …
An example of a pun is …
, which is so
because …
Two examples of plays on words are …
and …
They are playful because …
Metaphors are also used in politics as in …
and they are often
dangerous because …
Thus, language is manipulated
because it does not …
but …
(Source Text: Aitchison, Jean. Linguistics. London: Hodder Headline, 2003: 147-156.)