Geos 240 Winter 2011 Exam 2 Study Guide
Vocabulary to know and be able to use for True/False, Match or Multiple Guess Questions & Essays
Allogenic processes
Allostratigraphic sequences
Alluvial deposits/fans
Anastomosing
Angular Unconformity
Aragonite (orthorhombic carbonate from modern oceans & shells) converts to Calcite by diagenesis
Anhydrite
Anti-dune
Autogenic processes
Avulsion node
Ball & Pillow
Bank
Barrier Bar/Island
Base Level
Basin
Beach
Bed
Bedform
Benthonic organisms
Biostratigraphy
Bioturbation
Bitterns
Boulder
Bouma sequence
Braided
Breccia
Burrowing
Caliber (particle size)
Cambrian
Carbonate Minerals
Cements (Mineral)
Channel
Chert origins, sources, occurrences in sediments
Chronostratigraphy
Climbing ripples
Clastic dyke
Clastic (Siliciclastic)
Clay (particle size)
Clay minerals: origin, types, settings
Coastlines (storm/wave versus tidal dominated)
Cobble
Convolute bedding
Cretaceous
Crevasse splay
Crossbeds
Cyclic stratigraphy
Debris flow
Deep sea trench
Deflation surface
Delta
Desert varnish
Devonian
Diachronous
Diatom
Dish & pillar
Dolomite
Dunes (2-D, 3-D, Barchan, Transverse, Longitudinal)
Echinoderm/echinoid
Eolian facies
Erg
Eustatic
Evaporite minerals, deposits & environments
Event stratigraphy
Facies models
Fans (Alluvial, Fan Deltas, Submarine)
Flame Structure
Flaser bedding
Floodplain
Flow regime concept
Flutes, grooves, roll marks, scours
Foresets (Topsets & Bottomsets too!)
Formation
Fossils (body, macro, micro, nano)
First Appearance Datum (FAD)
Glacial lake, cycle, deposits
Glauconite
Golden Spike Section
Grading (types, within in beds)
Grain flow
Grain size variation
Gravel
Group
Gypsum
Halite
Hardground
Heavy Minerals: zircon, tourmaline, garnet, diamond
Hematite
Hiatus
Hjulstrom diagram
Imbrication
Karst
Lagoon
Lobe
Lode cast
Log facies/log shape analysis
Lithofacies
Lithostratigraphy & Formal Units for mapping & Cross Sections
Magnetic: remanence, mineralogy
Magnetic reversal stratigraphy (chrons: Brunhes, Gauss, Gilbert, Matuyama, Cret. long normal)
Massive Extinction Event
Meandering
Member
*Micrite different origins: communition, disaggregation, whitings
Mud drape
Mudrocks, definition, grain size, mineralogy, setting
North American Unconformity bounded sequences (Zuni, Absaroka, Kaskaskia, Tippecanoe, Sauk)
Olistolith
Ordovician
Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy/Stage
Passive Margin
Pebble
Permeability how does it work and which types are most permeable
Planktonic organisms
*Porosity (what determines how porous a sediment is, most porous, least porous) & porosity types
Progradation
Radiogenic isotopes
Radiolaria
Rainshadow
Ravinement
Reef
Regression
Relative age
Ripples
Sabkha
Sand
Sequence stratigraphy
Shale
Siccar Point
Silurian
Slip Face
Sponges
Stratigraphic section
Super surface
Sylvite
Tides (Macro/Meso/Micro, Neap/Spring)
Tongue
Transgression
Trilobite
Tsunami deposits
Turbidite Bedding (Bouma:ABCDE)
Turbidity Current
Unconformity bounded sequence stratigraphy (Sloss)
Varves
Ventifact
Walther’s Law, Walther, Gressley
Zircons