Anomalous, extreme weather disrupts obligate seed dispersal

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Supporting Information

Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article:

Table S1 Number of fecal samples with and without H. dulcis seeds (A vs. B) collected from

6 mammalian seed dispersing species, between October and March throughout 2005-2010.

Superscript a

indicates the percentage of H. dulcis seed bearing feces. Black fonts represent the

2008 storm interlude.

2005/2006

2006/2007

2007/2008

2008/2009

2009/2010

A

Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Total Percentage (%) a

2 49 46 16 4 0 117 14.90

B 225 146 63 62 88 84 668

A 3 12 43 44 26 1 129

B 171 123 73 34 45 87 533

A 3 15 28 5 1 1 53

B 134 136 60 65 78 72 545

A 2 13 13 9 2 0 39

19.49

8.86

8.50

B 83

A 4

79

24

79

32

57

35

64

22

58

1

420

118

B 107 78 47 26 41 62 361

24.63

1

Table S2 Euclidean distance of the RDF of the disperser community comparing pre-storms months (October-December) and storm months (January-February) between successive year pairs.

Years

January-February

October-December

All forests

Primary forests

2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Degraded forests

All forests

Primary forests

0.164

0.215

Degraded forests 0.212

0.141

0.118

0.291

0.388

0.355

0.484

0.381

0.382

0.405

0.490

0.439

0.874

0.043

0.042

0.063

0.261

0.272

0.634

0.307

0.359

0.129

2

15

10

5

0

Average lowest temp. (15 years)

Average lowest temp. + SD

Average lowest temp. - SD

Lowest temp. 2007-2008

-5

0 30 60 90 120

November December January February March

Fig. S1 Daily minimum temperature in winter 2007/2008 versus the 15-year average.

150

3

10

Bear

5 a Serow b

0

2

Civet c Marten d

1

0

Ferret-badger

.4

e Goral g

.2

0.0

2005/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/2010

Year

2005/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/2010

Year

Fig. S2 Changes in RDF during pre-storm months (October-December, dark circles) and storm months (January-February, open circles) from 2005 to 2010 in HNNR, China. Grey segments represent the 2008 storm interlude.

4

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