Table S1 Summary of web URLs consulted in this study Table S2 List of the best matched entries in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database to the transcripts mapped onto scaffold_04063 Table S3 List of some Cucumber mtDNA sequences used in this study Table S4 List of best matched entries in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database to the transcripts that have been mapped near two trnC2-GCA copies in scaffold_23 Table S5 List of primers used in this study Table S6 Summary of qPCR Figure S1 Comparison of trnC2-GCA sequences of sugar beet (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession no. BA000009), spinach (this study), cucumber (Phytozome, scaffold_04063), watermelon (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank, GQ856147), two copies of Aquilegia coerulea (Phytozome, scaffold_23), soybean (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank,EZ742316) and (Phytozome, mung bean scaffold_682), groundnut (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank, HM367685). Dashes are incorporated for the maximum matching. Nucleotide sequence of partial trnC2-GCA-coding regions of Basella rubra (this study), Daphniphyllum macropodum (this study) and Hibbertia pedunculata (this study) are also aligned. Nucleotide residues are coordinated to the source entries. Figure S2 Nucleotide sequence of EZ742316, an EST entry of ground nut. trnC2-GCA sequence is underlined. Homologous sequences to plant mitochondrial DNA are boxed. Figure S3 Nucleotide sequence of scaffold_682, a genomic sequence taken from Phytozome. trnC2-GCA sequence is underlined. Homologous sequences to plant mitochondrial DNA or other entries are boxed. Figure S4 Nucleotide sequence of the 5504-bp sequence containing spinach trnC2-GCA. trnC2-GCA sequence is underlined. Homologous sequences to plant mitochondrial DNA are boxed. Figure S5 Nucleotide sequence of sugar-beet gene coding for cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (bvcysRS). Exons and introns are indicated by upper and lower cases, respectively. Putative translation product is shown below in single letter code. Positions of oligonucleotides used for 5' RACE and RT-PCR are underlined. Figure S6 Multiple alignments of the amino acid sequences from cysteinyl-tRNA synthetases of sugar beet (bv), Arabidopsis (at) (AC006593, also annotated as at2g31170), cucumber (Csa002320 in CuGenDB), rice (Os09g0556500 in RAP) and E. coli (ec) (X56234) (a). Dashes are incorporated for maximum matching. Two conserved motifs (His-Ile-Gly-His and Lys-Met-Ser-Lys-Ser) that are characteristic of class I aaRS are doubly and singly underlined, respectively. The positions of introns are indicated by slash. Length of the introns are summarized below (in bp) (b).