SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
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SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
Table S1. Characteristics of studies included in the Meta-Analysis.
Study
Country
Setting
Subjects
Mean age
index group
(IG)/control
group (CG)
% of females
in index and
control
groups
Abramson and
Lucido, 1991
California, USA
16 BN, 47 controls
34.18 / 23,0
Allison et al., 2007
Pennsylvania, USA
Undergraduate
psychology
classes, university-based
bulimic support groups, an
inpatient eating disorder
program, and private
practitioners working with
EDs patients
Participants recruited
using broad media
advertisements targeted
people who thought had
eating problems
176 BED,
57 NES (Night
Eating Syndrome)
38 OC (Obese
Comparison)
Cachelin et al., 2005
California, USA
Community sample of
Mexican American women
Favaro et al., 1998
Italy
EDs Measure
CA Measure
Age of abuse
100 / 100
Bulimia Test
(BULIT), DSM III
criteria
Sexual Events
Questionnaire
(SEQ)
12 years or
younger
44.9 (9.1) / 39.6
(10.8)
79 / 63
Childhood Trauma
Questionnaires
(CTQ)
Prior to age 18
4 AN, 26 BN, 29
BED, 21 EDNOS,
110 HC (Healthy
Controls)
27.9 (range 18 to
45) / 24.6 (range
18 to 45)
0/0
Interview for
Identifying Risk
Factors for Eating
Disorders (RFI,
Version 2.0)
Prior to age 18
Patients referred to two
ED units (one in-patient
and
one out-patient unit) and
female students
86 AN, 69 BN, 81
HC
AN: 23.1 (5.6)
(range 14 to 48);
BN: 23.7 (5.1)
(ranged 16 to 43)
/ 20.1 (0.6)
98 / 100
DSM-IV-TR
criteria diagnoses,
Structured Clinical
Interview for
DSM-IV-TR Axis I
Disorders (SCIDI/P) and Eating
Disorder
Examination
Interview (EDE)
12th ed.
DSM-IV-TR
criteria diagnoses,
Structured Clinical
Interview for
DSM-IV-TR Axis I
Disorders (SCIDI) and Eating
Disorder
Examination
Interview (EDE)
12th ed.
Semi-structured
interview and
DSM-IV criteria
Semi-structured
interview on
sexual and/or
physical abuse
Prior to age 18
Semi-structured
interview on
sexual and/or
physical abuse
Life Events
Prior to age 18
Favaro et al., 2003
Italy
Women resided in two
areas of the city of
Padova
19AN, 43 BN,
102ED, 832HC
Range 18 to 25
(entire sample)
100 / 100
Feldman and
New York, USA
Black, Latino gay, and
66 CSA, 127 not
33 (9) (entire
0/0
Eating Disorders
Inventory (EDI)
Clinical interviews
using the ED
Section of SCID-I;
DSM IV criteria
Computer-
Prior to age 18
SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
Mayer, 2007
bisexual men sampled
from community venues
CSA; 64 CPA, 129
not CPA
sample)
Garfinkel et al., 1995
Ontario, Canada
Subjects across Ontario
55 full syndrome
BN, 4196 female
control
Under 65 (entire
sample)
100 / 100
Grilo and
Masheb, 2001
Connecticut, USA
Consecutive outpatients,
and HMO female
normative sample
145 BED,
1125 adult women
control
43.6 (8.6) / 42
76 / 100
Groleau et al., 2012
Jaite et al., 2012
Québec, Canada
Germany
Women recruited through
a specialized EDs
Program and normal
eaters recruited with
advertisements in
newspapers and on
university bulletin boards
and websites
136 BN, 40
EDNOS, 139
normal eaters
woman
Patients recruited
from the Department of
Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry,
Psychosomatics,
and Psychotherapy and
50 ANR, 27 ANBP,
44 HC
24.95 (5.52) /
23.91 (5.62)
100 / 100
assisted personal
interview
version 19 of the
World Health
Organization’s
Composite
International
Diagnostic
Interview (WMHCIDI DSM-IV)
Structured
interview
University of
Michigan - CIDI
with specific
questions added
for BN and DSMIII criteria
DSM-IV-TR
criteria diagnoses,
SCID-I,
Questionnaire on
Eating and Weight
Patterns Revised
Eating Disorder
Questionnaire
(EDE-Q)
DSM-IV criteria
diagnosis and
EDE interview
Questionnaire
(LQE) and
interview about
event narrative
Interview Questions about
family background
Childhood
Childhood Trauma
Questionnaire
(CTQ)
Prior to age 18
Childhood Trauma
Interview (CTI)
Childhood
Childhood Trauma
Questionnaire
(CTQ)
Prior to age 18
Eating Attitudes
Test-26 (EAT-26)
AN-R 15.8 (1.6);
NBP 16.1 (1.1) /
15.7 (1.3)
100 / 100
Ineffectiveness
and Perfectionism
subscales of the
Eating Disorder
Inventory-2 (EDI2)
DSM-IV criteria
diagnosis and
Structured
Inventory for
Anorexic and
Bulimic
SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
Kern and
Hastings, 1995
Nevada, USA
control recruited from
several high schools
Undergraduate woman
Korte et al., 1998
Illinois, USA
Psychology students
Laporte and
Gutman, 2001
Québec, Canada
Leonard et al., 2003
Québec, Canada
Mangweth et al.,
1996
Austria
Massachusetts,
USA
Outpatient sample
recruited trough their
therapist and public
advertisement; control
group recruited with public
advertisement
30 BN and 50 HC
extracted among
719 normal eaters
Almost 22 (6.8)
(entire sample)
100 / 100
37 BN and 326 HC
20 (Range 18-44)
(entire sample)
76 / 53
35 BPD, 34 AN, 33
HC
AN 23,5 (7) / 23,4
(7)
100 / 100
Outpatient sample
recruited at a specialized
EDs program service;
control group recruited at
universities course and
through public
advertisements
Female students with
”uncontrollable eating
binges” and control
students who had
“received ankle or knee
surgery” at universities
51 BN, 25 normal
eaters
23.18 (5.87) /
24.71 (6.52)
100 / 100
S1: 33 Austrian BN
and 33 controls
S1: 22 (2.2)
S1: 100 / 100
S2: 20 (2.0)
S2: 100 / 100
S2: 33 American
BN and 33 controls
Syndromes
(SIAB-EX)
BULIT-R and
DSM-III criteria
BULIT-R and
DSM-IV criteria
Eating Disorder
Module of the
Structured Clinical
Interview for DSM
III (SCID-I)
Eating Attitude
Test (EAT)
EDE Interview,
DSM IV criteria,
and
EAT-26
Child Sexual
Abuse
Questionnaire
(CSA)
Trauma symptom
Checklist 40
Modified Finkelhor
Questionnaire
Questions on
verbal abuse,
physical hurt o
sexual abuse
Prior to age 16
Prior to age 16
Prior to age 16
Chidhood Trauma
Interview (CTI)
Prior to age 14
DSM-III-R criteria
diagnosis,
Structured Clinical
Interview for
DSM-III-R (SCIDI)
Interview covering
childhood
experiences
Childhood
Miller et al., 1993
Kansas, USA
Women enrolled at
introductory psychology at
university
72 BN and 72
controls
The majority of
the subjects were
18 and 19
100 / 100
Bulimic
Investigatory Test,
Edinburgh (BITE),
DSM-III criteria for
BN.
Sexual Life Events
Questionnaire
(SLEQ)
Prior to age 12
Nagata et al., 2001
Japan
38 ANR, 46
ANBP,76 BN and
99 controls.
ANR 22.5 (6.3),
ANBP 24.8 (4.7),
BN (22.3 ± 4.3),
controls 20.8
(2.5)
100 / 100
DSM-IV criteria
and
Eating Disorders
Inventory
(EDI)
Physical and
Sexual Abuse
Questionnaire
Prior to age 18
Olivardia et al., 1995
Massachusetts,
USA
Outpatients of the
Department of
Neuropsychiatry Osaka
City University Hospital
and female students
attending a nursing school
in Osaka.
College student recruited
with advertisement in
13 BN, 2 AN, 4
BN-AN, 6 BED and
Range 18 to 25
(entire sample)
0 /0
Diagnostic Survey
for Eating
Interview based on
the work of
Childhood
SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
school newspaper
25 control with
Osgod Schlatter
Romans et al., 2001
New Zealand
Women were randomly
selected from Otago, New
Zealand, electoral rolls.
254 CSA 223 not
CSA
Not specified
100 / 100
Rorty et al., 1994
California, USA
Woman recruited trough
newspaper advertisement
and referral from local
care providers
40 BN, 40
recovered BN, 40
HC
24,61 (4,12) /
24,18 (4,33)
100 / 100
Sachs Ericsson et
al., 2012
Florida, USA
Steiger et al., 2001
Québec, Canada
Steiger and
Zanko, 1990
Québec, Canada
Steiger et al., 2004
Québec, Canada
National Comorbidity
Survey-Replication. A
subset of participants in
the Part
II survey completed a
section on EDs.
Woman recruited trough a
specialized EDs clinic and
trough university classes
or newspaper
advertisement
Patients, hospital staff,
patient’ friends, students
Women recruited through
a specialized eating
disorder program for
adults and trough
university classes or
newspaper advertisement
Disorder Revised,
DSM IV criteria,
EAT, EDI, SCIDI/P
Present State
Examination
(PSE) interview
and additional
ICD−10 eating
disorders
questions
DSM IV criteria
Version of the
Schedule for
Affective
Disorders and
Schizofrenia
modified to EDs
(EAT-SADS-L)
Eating Disorder
Questionnaire
(EDQ)
SCID-I/P
DSM IV criteria,
structured
diagnostic
interview WHOCIDI
Finkelor
Four items related
to PA and SA
Prior to age 15
Screening items
for CSA during the
PSE interview
Prior to age 16
SAEQ
Sexual Abuse
Exposure
Questionnaire
(SAEQ)
Prior to age 17
Maternal and
Paternal
psychological
Abuse (PSY)
137 BED, 2823
controls
40.1 (18) / 45.2
(14.7)
57.7 / 42.3
34 BN, 24 controls
23,95 (4,25) /
24,60 (7,28)
100 / 100
DSM IV criteria,
EDE
EAT
Chidlhood Trauma
Interview (CTI)
Prior to age 14
16 ANR, 12ANB,
20 B/AN - (Bulimic
with an AN
history), 25 B/O
(BN with no prior
AN), 24 controls,
21 psychiatric
controls
73 BN and 50 HC
ANR 25,82
(6,69), ANB
31,42 (7,96),
B/AN 24,25
(4,74), B/O 25,60
(5,32) / NC 28,04
(5,93)
100 / 100
DSM III criteria
Childhood sexual
traumata
questionnaire
Childhood and
adolescence
26,15 (5,30) /
22,82 (5,11)
100 / 100
DSM IV criteria,
EDE
EAT26
EDI2
Childhood Trauma
Interview (CTI)
Prior to age 14
SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
Steiger et al., 2012
Québec, Canada
Women recruited through
a specialized eating
disorder program for
adults and using public
and university/collegebased
announcements
Women from the
community white
American or black
American
174 BN and 130
control
25.95 (6.36) /
24.79 (6.34)
100 / 100
DSM-IV criteria
EDE
Childhood Trauma
Interview (CTI)
Prior to age 18
Striegel-Moore et al.,
2002
Connecticut, USA
S1: 102 BED, 164
HC.
S2: 86 BED, 86
HC.
30.5 (5.8) /
matched to BED
age (within 2
years)
100 / 100
DSM IV criteria,
SCID-I
EDE
Interview
Prior to age 18
Stuart et al., 1990
South Carolina,
USA
Woman who sought
treatment in a psychiatric
department
30 BN, 15 subjects
with depressive
illness, 100 control
30 / 37
100 / 100
DSM-III-R criteria
Childhood
Environment
Questionnaire
Childhood
Vize and
Cooper, 1995
UK
Patient referred to an
Eating Disorder Service
and students, secretaries,
shop assistant
AN 25 (5.1), BN
24,5 (5.1) / 21,6
(3,5)
100 / 100
DSM-III-R criteria
EDE
Childhood
Experience of Care
and Abuse
Measure Interview
(CECA)
Prior to age 17
Webster and
Palmer, 2000
UK
AN 29, BN 30,
mixed AN/BN 30
/ controls 34
100 / 100
DSM-III-R criteria
CECA (PA)
Sexual Life Events
Inventory (SLEI)
(SA)
Prior to age 17
Welch and
Fairburn, 1996
UK
Woman, inpatients or
outpatients, in contact with
an Eating Disorder
Service and from general
medical practice from two
different surgeries
Women registered with 23
general practices located
in both urban and rural
areas
40 AN, 60 BN, 40
subject with major
Depressive
disorder (DD), and
40 controls. A
purified subsample
with 28 AN, 48 BN,
35 MDD, 30
controls
32 BN, 28 AN, 20
mixed AN/BN, 40
DD, 40 controls
102 BN, 102
controls with other
psychiatric
disorders, 204 HC
BN 23.7 (4.9) /
matched with the
case for age
100 / 100
DSM-III-R criteria,
EDE, EDE Q
Childhood
Wentz et al., 2005
Sweden
A population cohort
51 AN and 51
controls
16 / 16
94 / 94
Wonderlich et al.,
2001
North Dakota, USA
Women recruited from
clinical centres
specializing in trauma
related and
advertisements in local
newspapers
26 CSA, 21 RAPE,
25 CSA+RAPE,
25 controls
CSA 38 (8,3)
CSA+RAPE 42,8
(5,8) / 37,6 (9,1)
100 / 100
DSM-IV and
DSM-III-R criteria
MorganRussell
assessment
schedule
EDE
One section of the
interview
concerned with
history of CSA,
CPA
SLE
According CSA
definition reported
pag. 403
Prior to age 18
Prior to age 18
SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT, Caslini et al.
Figure S1. Funnel Plot for the Association Between Child Sexual Abuse and Anorexia
Nervosa.