Process Essay : Chronological (time) Order
Fill in each blank with an appropriate chronological order signal from the
list provided. Use each signal only once. Change small letters to capital
letters and add commas where necessary.
1.when he or she asks you .to speak up
2.second
3. before you sit down
4.next
5.when you return
6. first
7.finally
8.a third time
9.as soon as the lesson begins
10. in conclusion
11. in the next few minutes
12. then
How to Annoy a Teacher
It is quite easy to annoy a teacher-even the most patient, kind-hearted
teacher in the world-if you follow these simple steps. (1)----------- always come
to class just a little late.(2)---------- make as much noise as possible as you
enter the room. (3) -----------greet all your friends with a cheerful waveor even
better, with a shouted greeting. (4)---------- slam your heavy backpack down
on the floor next to your desk and do a few stretching exercises. (After all, you
will be sitting still for the next 40 minutes or so!) (5)--------- make a big,
gapingly yawn and take your seat.(6) raise your hand and ask to be excused
to go to the restroom. (7) ----be sure to slam the door, and again, make as
much noise as possible while taking your seat.(8)----------- turn the pages of
your book noisily, search in your backpack for a pencil, ask your neighbor if
you can borrow an eraser, and announce in a loud voice that you cannot find
your homework. (9) -----_raise your hand and ask to be excused to look for it
in your locker.
If the teacher should happen to calion you during the class, mumble2 an
answer. (10)----------- mumble again-maybe a little louder this time, but still not
loudly enough to be heard. If the teacher dares to ask you (11)------------ give a
loud and clear answer to the previous question-the one your classmate
answered a minute ago-and smile smugly as you do so.
(12)
------------- if these techniques do not achieve the desired results, you
can always fold your arms across your desk, put your head down, and take a
nap. Just do not forget to snore!
I gaping: wide open
2 mumble: speak unclearly
3 smugly: with a self-satisfied look
Review
These are the important points covered in this chapter.1. Using
chronological order to organize an essay means putting the ideas in order
or sequence by occurrence in time.2. Use chronological order for
nonnative essays (stories, history, biography, and autobiography) and for
process essays (how to do or make something). 3. Following are the three
keys to success in writing a chronological order essay:• Group the steps
or events into paragraphs where natural breaks occur.•
Examples of indirect quotations, Noun Clauses
Write a thesis statement that indicates chronological order. • Use chronological order signal
words and phrases to show the sequence of steps (in a process) or events (in a narration).
There are three exceptions:
1.• When the reporting verb is simple present, present perfect, or future, the
verb tense in the quotation does not change.
He says, "I can finish it today."
He says that he can finish it today.
2.• When the reporting phrase is according to, the verb tense does not change.
The lawyer said, "My client is innocent."
According to the lawyer, his client is innocent.
3.• When the quoted information is a fact or a general truth, the verb tense in
the quotation does not change.
He said, "Water boils at a lower temperature in the mountains."
He said that water boils at a lower temperature in the mountains.
Exercise :Changing Direct Quotations to Indirect Quotations
1.Television channel KSA General Manager Jim Bums said, "Not everyone
can attend college in the traditional way; therefore, taking courses via
television will offer many more students the chance to earn a college
degree."
2. Other students said, "Last year, we spent several hours a day commuting
to and from school. Now we don't have to do that."
3. Computer engineering student Amir Mehdizadeh stated, "I can choose
when to study and how to study without pressure." He also said, "I will
take two more telecourses in the falL"
4. Pre-med student Alma Rodriguez said, "I miss being on campus, but I have
to work and take care of my family."