Chemical Bonding
Lab Book Page _______
Chemical
Bonds
• Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them
function as a _____________.
• Ionic bonds:
• _____________ of electrons
• Involves a _____________ and a
_____________
• Covalent bonds:
• _____________ of electrons
• Involves two _____________
Metals,
nonmetals and
metalloids
• _____________:
– Located on the left-hand side of the periodic table to
underneath the staircase on the right-hand side
• _____________:
– Located above the staircase on the right-hand side
• _____________:
– Located along the staircase.
– Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
The Octet
Rule
• Each type of bond requires that both atoms involved in the
reaction fulfill an _____________, or have 8 valence
electrons.
– Ionic:
• One element donates its valence electrons (the
_____________), the other accepts those valence
electrons (the _____________). Both fulfill the
_____________ rule by donating/accepting
valence electrons.
– Covalent:
• Both elements share their _____________
electrons to fulfill the octet rule. _____________
elements are _____________.
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Chemical Bonding
Lab Book Page _______
Ionic Bonding
• A _____________ donates its electron(s) to a
_____________ element
– Metals have _____________ electrons in their valence
shell and can donate their electrons. It is easier for
them to give them away than attract more valence
electrons for an octet
• By _____________ its electron(s) to the nonmetal, the metal
and nonmetal become bonded together to form a new
_____________.
• This type of reaction can be shown by using Lewis Dot
Structures
Covalent
Bonding
Na
Cl
Metal
Nonmeta
l
After donating/
accepting electrons,
these atoms are now
bonded together
Na Cl
New Compound
• Bond between _____________ _____________
• Because both elements still need an octet, they are forced to
_____________ electrons because they have too many
valence electrons and can’t donate any
– It is not easy for one element to give up its electrons
like a metal, which has less _____________ in its
valence shell
• Hydrogen also bonds as a nonmetal, but does not need eight
valence electrons. It only needs 2, called a _____________.
• Lewis Dot Structures can also show this bond.
F
Nonmeta
l
+
F
Nonmeta
l
2
After sharing,
these atoms are
now bonded
together
F
F
These are the
shared electrons
Chemical Bonding
Lab Book Page _______
• Each fluorine atom has 7 valence electrons. They EACH need
one more valence electron to fulfill the octet rule, so they will
each SHARE one electron with each other.
Practice
• Show how an ionic bond forms between Magnesium and
Oxygen.
• Show how an ionic bond forms between Sodium and Fluorine.
• Show how a covalent bonds forms between Hydrogen and
Oxygen.
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