Study Guide for Exam 1: Cell Biology Matching: ___ questions, ___ points each; ___ points total Multiple Choice: ___ questions, ___ points each; ___ points total Short Answer: ___ questions, ___ points each; ___ points total Topic 1: Macromolecules CA Science Biology Standard 1h: Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors. A. What are the large carbon compound molecules necessary for life, and what are they used for? Vocab: Carbohydrates (polysaccharides); nucleic acids; proteins; lipids Textbook: 34-37 Notebook: B. What are each type of macromolecule composed of? Vocab: Polymer; monomer; monosaccharide; amino acid; nucleotide; fatty acid; glycerol Textbook: 34-37 Notebook: Topic 2: Types of Cells CA Science Biology Standard 1c: Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure. A. What are the fundamental characteristics of life? Vocab: homeostasis Textbook: p. 6 Notebook: B. What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Vocab: prokaryote, eukaryote Textbook: pp. 55-61 Notebook: C. What is the structure of a virus, and why are they not considered cells? Vocab: virus, capsid, envelope, bacteriophage Textbook: pp. 434-437 Notebook: Topic 3: The Cell Membrane CA Science Biology Standard 1a: Students know cells are enclosed within semipermeable membranes that regulate their interactions with their surroundings. A. What is the structure of the cell membrane? Vocab: phospholipid, lipid bilayer, protein channel, polar, nonpolar, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, semipermeable Text: 60-61 Notebook: B. How does the cell membrane regulate the passage of material in and out of the cell? Vocab: active transport, passive transport, diffusion, osmosis, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution, isotonic solution, facilitated diffusion, ion channels, membrane pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis Text: 74-86 Notebook: C. What is the difference between passive and active transport? Vocab: concentration gradient, ATP Text: 74-86 Notebook: Topic 4: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles CA Science Biology Standard 1e: Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins. 1f: Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. 1g: Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. 1j: Students know how eukaryotic cells are given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or both. A. What are the functions of the various organelles in the eukaryotic cell? Vocab: nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, rough ER, vacuole, protein, mitochondria Text: pp. 55-66 Notebook: B. What is the difference between the smooth ER and the rough ER? Text: p. 63 Notebook: C. What organelles distinguish plant cells from animal cells? Vocab; chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole Text: p. 66 Notebook: D. What is the role of the mitochondria? Text: p. 65 Notebook: E. How does the Golgi apparatus aid in the secretion of proteins? Text: p. 64 Notebook: F. What structures give shape and internal organization to the eukaryotic cell? Vocab: cell wall, cytoplasm/cytoskeleton, vacuole Text: p. 59 Notebook: Topic 5: Chemistry A. What is the structure of an atom? Vocab: proton, neutron, electron, nucleus Text: pp. 28-33 Notebook: B. How do atoms interact with each other? Vocab: ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polar, nonpolar, ions, single bond, double bond, triple bond Text: pp. 28-33 Notebook: