GENETICS POWERPOINT NOTES
#113
Name______________________________
Use pages 76-89 in textbook
Life Science Standards:
7. Recognize that every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits. These
instructions are stored in the organism’s chromosomes. Heredity is the passage of these
instructions from one generation to another.
8. Recognize that hereditary information is contained in genes located in the chromosomes of
each cell. A human cell contains about 30,000 different genes on 23 different chromosomes.
9. Compare sexual reproduction (offspring inherit half of their genes from each parent) with
asexual reproduction (offspring is an identical copy of the parent’s cell).
Slide 2
1. Traits : __________________________________________________ of an organism inherited from
parents and passed on from one generation to the next.
2. Heredity: The passing of the traits from __________________ to ____________________.
3. Genetics: Study of _______________________
Slide 3
4. Name 3 of your traits (be specific- don’t say “skin color”, say “medium brown skin color”
__________________________ ____________________________ ___________________________
5. Name 2 specific traits that could be found in a plant (again, be specific- use adjectives)
____________________________
______________________________
5a. Many traits are unseen- they have to do with _________________________________ in cells.
Slide 7
6. How many chromosomes are in each of our body cells? ________ found in ________ pairs.
7. How many chromosomes are in human egg and sperm cells? _________; ________ pairs
8. How many genes do we have in all on our chromosomes? ________________________
STOP and THINK: answer #9 with your partner using the diagram on the slide
9. Arrange the order of the following structures from largest to smallest:
nucleus
gene
cell
chromosome
DNA base pair
__________________________________________________________________________________
Slide 8:
6. What controls traits? ______________________
7. Gene: a segment of ______________ on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
8. Genes hold the instructions (in the DNA nucleic base “code”) used to make a specific
___________________.
Slide 9:
9. Where do we get the 2 alleles of each gene that we have? One from ________; one from ________
Slide 11:
10. Allele: different forms of a ___________________.
11. A dominant allele is _______________________ expressed no matter what other copy of gene is.
12. A recessive allele is ____________ expressed if the other allele for that gene is _______________.
13. A dominant allele is expressed with a _________________letter; recessive with a ____________.
STOP and THINK: For each of the allele pairs below, write whether the organism will show the
dominant or recessive trait
bb _____________________
CC ________________________
Dd ________________________
How many alleles do you have for each gene? ________
Slide 12:
14. Give an example of a purebred dominant trait: __________ a purebred recessive: ____________
a hybrid _________
Slide 13:
15. phenotype- _____________________ or physical appearance of an organism
16. genotype- ______________________________ of an organism- its allele combination
17. For each of the following examples, write whether it is a phenotype or genotype:
green pea pods ___________________; Bb ____________________; dimples __________________
Slide 15:
18.
(Female
gametes)
(Male gametes)
Genotype: ______% Hh
Phenotype: ______% Hitchhiker’s thumb
Slide 16:
19. The “father of genetics” was the Austrian monk named ____________________________.
20. He worked with ______________ plants.
Slide 17: Mendel’s F1 generation
21.
Mendel’s F2 generation
Genotype = __________________
Genotype = __________________
Phenotype = __________________
Phenotype = __________________
Slide 18:
22. Mendel’s work wasn’t looked at widely until it was rediscovered in _________________.
Slide 21:
23. Probability: a number that describes how ________________ it is that an event will occur
24. The results of one offspring do not affect the other offspring. Think of this: If you get 5 “heads” in
a row, that ____________________ mean the 6th toss is more likely to be heads.
Slide 22:
25. Homozygous- 2 ________________ alleles; purebred
example: ________
Slide 23:
26. Heterozygous- 2 ________________ alleles; hybrid
example: ________
Slide 24:
27. Incomplete Dominance- alleles not _______________________ nor _______________________
28. The phenotype is a ____________________ of the two alleles. Example: pink flower
Slide 25:
29. Codominance- neither allele is dominant or recessive. The two different traits appear
_____________________ in the organism. Example: ABO __________ types