PSY 305 Psychology of Religion Spring I 2008 INSTRUCTOR: Carol M. Lewis MS LCPC PHONE: Office phone: 312-567-2334 EMAIL: carolmlewis@sbcglobal.net FAX: ALT PHONE: Home phone: 708-485-2417 REQUIRED TEXTS: Title Author(s) Copyright Publisher ISBN Edition The Writings of William James: A Comprehensive Edition James, W. (1977) Chicago: The University of Chicago Press 0-226-39188-4 This Course Requires the Purchase of a Course Packet: YES NO Page 1 Argosy University COURSE SYLLABUS PSY305 Psychology of Religion Faculty Information Faculty Name: Carol M. Lewis MS LCPC Campus: Chicago Illinois Contact Information: Office phone: 312-567-2334 Home phone: 708-485-2417 Email: carolmlewis@sbcglobal.net Most often I will respond to email messages and phone messages by the following day, and when possible on the same day. Office Hours: I will be available for brief meetings in the late afternoon or early evening before each class. Meetings may be arranged by contacting me to schedule an appointment. Short Faculty Bio: I am Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, with a Master of Science in Psychology from the Illinois Institute of Technology. I have been a psychotherapist for more than thirty years. In my clinical work I provide diagnostic assessment and outpatient treatment for adults of diverse cultural background and clinical needs at Mercy Hospital Mental Health Center in Chicago. My primary research work has been the study of psychotherapeutic processes and developmental processes in psychotherapeutic groups. My published work includes The Process of Group Psychotherapy: Systems for Analyzing Change, APA Books, of which I am both co-editor and a contributing author. I’ve been a member of the faculty at Argosy University for more than two years. Course description: In this course students discover how psychology helps us understand religious behavior and experience. We investigate the meaning and value of religious faith as interpreted through the major psychological schools. Students reflect upon their own past spiritual development and consider its future possibilities. They also probe into reasons why religion sometimes “gets sick” and what factors contribute to religious health. Course Pre-requisites: None Required Textbook: James, W. (1977). The Writings of William James: A Comprehensive Edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0-226-39188-4 Additional Textbooks: Yalom, I. D. (2002). The Gift of Therapy: An Open Letter to a New Generation of Therapists and Their Patients. Harper Collins. ISBN: 0-06-093811-0 Page 2 Technology: Pentium III CPU/ Windows 98; 128MB RAM, printer; Microsoft Office Acrobat (full version), Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 (PC) 5.0 (MAC) or Netscape Navigator 4.08. Norton Antivirus. Course length: 7.5 Weeks Contact Hours: 45 Hours Credit Value: 3.0 Program Outcomes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cognitive Abilities 1.1. Critical Thinking - Given a psychological issue, employ skeptical inquiry and a scientific approach to respond to the issue. 1.2. Information Literacy - Given a research question related to psychology, access information from a variety of sources and select appropriate sources to respond to the question. Research 2.1. Understanding Research Methods – Given an article about research findings in the field of psychology from a scholarly journal, identify the research methods used and the findings of the article. 2.2. Identifying Research Methods – Identify the appropriate statistical tools and basic research methods in psychology, including research design, data analysis, and interpretation. Communication Skills 3.1. Oral - Effectively present psychological concepts orally as appropriate to the audience. 3.2. Written - Effectively present psychological information, in writing, using software and style appropriate to the audience. Ethics/Diversity 4.1. Ethics - Identify the issues and challenges related to ethics in the field of psychology. 4.2. Diversity - Identify the issues and challenges related to diversity in the field of psychology. Knowledge of the Field 5.1. Foundations – Recognize the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, applications, and historical trends in psychology. Knowledge of Applied Psychology 6.1. Apply psychological principles to personal, social, and/or organizational issues. Course Objectives: 1. Students will investigate how major psychological theories analyze religious development and behavior. (Program Outcome(s): 3.1, 5, & 6) Page 3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1.1. Summarize the history of psychology of religion. 1.2. Describe religion from James’ perspective. 1.3. Differentiate between Adler’s, Maslow’s, Freud’s, and Jung’s approaches toward the study of religiosity. Students will demonstrate an understanding of the implications of historical developments on the practice of religion and psychological interpretation of religion. (Program Outcome(s): 5, & 6) 2.1. Examine the research methods and psychological perspectives utilized in research related to psychology of religion. 2.2. Differentiate between spirituality and religion. 2.3. Examine May’s spiritual approach toward personality development and analyze the amenability of the approach to psychological research. 2.4. Analyze how globalization has affected trends in spirituality and fundamentalism. Students will identify the continuum of healthy versus pathological religious experience. (Program Outcome(s): 5, & 6) 3.1. Describe James’ view on the benefits of religiosity. 3.2. Compare the views of James and May on psychological health. 3.3. Describe the results of the Pahnke study and discuss the psychedelic use in the consciousness research. 3.4. Discuss the underlying psychological mechanisms responsible for fundamentalism and cult membership. 3.5. Analyze and create the profile of a religiously healthy individual. Students will investigate and compare a variety of belief systems as expressed from the life works of those who have come before us. (Program Outcome(s): 1.2, & 5) 4.1. Summarize the spiritual approach of Dalai Lama. 4.2. Explain Nhat Hahn’s view on relationships. 4.3. Compare the approaches of Dalai Lama and Nhat Hahn with May’s. 4.4. Discuss the factors involved in religion-based activism. Students will create possibilities for the next step of emergence in the relationship between the fields of psychology and religion. (Program Outcome(s): 1.1, & 6) 5.1. Examine James’ view on faith in science and religion. 5.2. Examine Yalom’s approach to truth as expressed in psychotherapy. 5.3. Analyze the usefulness of the psychospirituality movement. 5.4. Study the current trends in research related to the psychology of religion and the positive psychology movement. Students will evaluate their own religious development based on developmental theory. (Program Outcome(s): 3.1, 5, & 6) 6.1. Discuss their personal approach to religiosity or spirituality. 6.2. Analyze their current and past religious or spiritual development based on Maslow’s hierarchy. 6.3. Analyze the approaches that best describe their religious or spiritual development currently. 6.4. Discuss the possible effects of religiosity or spirituality on an individual in late adulthood using information from lifespan psychology. Students will compare the similarities and differences between psychology and spiritual direction. (Program Outcome(s): 2.2, & 5) 7.1. Compare the various definitions of spiritual direction. 7.2. Compare the spiritual direction to Yalom’s existential approach. 7.3. Formulate plausible research studies to analyze the possible effects of traditional psychotherapy versus spiritual direction on the psychiatric treatment. Page 4 Use the following outline as a guide to what we will study each week. The assignments will be further revised and defined as we proceed. The discussion questions suggested are ones we can consider as we pursue each week’s lesson, in addition to others we think of. Check out the links, save some of them in your favorites. They are used several times throughout the course. In addition to the material mentioned here, I am choosing some brief selections from primary source material, (the writings of the other theorists we will consider in addition to James). I will choose material available on the web or in the online Argosy library. Assignment Table 1 Topics Spirituality Versus Religion Trends in Psychology of Religion Benefits of Religiosity Readings Following Web pages: Assignments Discussion Questions: http://www.apa.org/m onitor/dec03/religion.h tml 1. Refer to the following Web sites: http://www.psychwww.com/psyrelig/USA.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_religion http://www.apa.org/m onitor/dec03/secret.ht ml http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Religion (Topic: “Modern Reasons for Adhering to and Rejecting Religion” on the Web site) http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychology_of_r eligion James Conclusions (to the Varieties of Religious Experience) Based on your reading of these Web sites or other Web sites on the psychology of religion and your online lectures, you should be able to summarize trends in the history of psychology of religion. Next, discuss the following: a. Would you agree with the view that James was most important influence in psychology of religion? b. What evidence would you cite to justify your answer? 2. Refer to the following Web sites: http://www.apa.org/monitor/dec03/religion.html http://www.apa.org/monitor/dec03/secret.html Freud’s pessimistic view of religion suggests that people use religion to avoid dealing with stress and conflict. In other words, for specific people, religious beliefs are a way to avoid reality and personal responsibility. a. Based on your reading of the American Psychological Association (APA) articles on religion’s role in psychological practice and recent research, discuss why you believe that Freud’s assumption was correct or incorrect or both. b. Discuss with relevant examples from the reading and Web sites, Page 5 describing Freud’s views. 3. Refer to the following Web sites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_prej.htm a. Using information from these Web sites and this week’s lecture, read the following and answer the questions: Profile of an “Extrinsically Religious” person: Kathy believes herself to be a religious person. A devout and conservative Lutheran, she attends church every Sunday and Wednesday and leads a Sunday school class. She believes that she is a true Christian; and in her opinion, Christianity is the only ‘true’ religion. In her daily life, she finds she has a hard time applying principles from her faith and wishes she were a “better” person. Her emotions run from feeling jealous, judgmental, and anxious about her future to feeling joyful, confident, and serene, especially when she prays or reads the Bible. In contrast, she never experienced a kind of personal “union” with God or mystical experience during prayer or other religious acts. This idea frightens her. Profile of a “Quest” type of person: Rachel describes herself as a spiritual person. A “lapsed” Catholic, she has attended various kinds of spiritual centers in her city: churches, synagogues, and various Buddhist temples. In general, she is interested in a “Higher Power,” which she thinks can manifest in different faiths. She finds it fascinating to attend different services and to talk to people of different religious backgrounds fascinating. However, she feels she cannot commit to a particular religious path. She admits to frequent “encounters” with, what she thinks of as, a “Higher Power” or “Divine Reality” wherein she feels connected to something bigger than herself. Often, this happens when she is in a beautiful natural setting or when she meditates. From these experiences, she feels her life has more meaning and this instills greater confidence, joy, and serenity in her. At the same time, she feels anxious about her future and feels jealous and judgmental of Page 6 b. others. However, in general, she describes herself as a “happy” person. Based on your experiences with these two religious types, discuss the following: i) With which kind of person would you prefer to spend time? Why? ii) Discuss how your view of religion or spirituality may affect your work and/or family relationships, paying particular attention to your own biases regarding religious versus spiritual orientations to faith. Assignments: 1. Comparisons of Theorists Choose one theorist from this week’s reading, Do the following: a. Summarize one approach from the four you have read about. b. Return to the three Web sites that feature the theory of your interest. For example, if you choose Adler’s approach, you’ll need information from three different Web sites for a thorough understanding of Adler’s view of religion. c. Compare this information to what you know about each of the other three theorists you should have studied — Freud, Jung, Adler, and Maslow. d. Compare the theorist you chose with each of the others, indicating why you prefer your theorist over others. For example, why is your theorist’s view of religion more psychologically useful or why would it provide more meaning or comfort to people compared to the views of other theorists? Provide specific examples based on the reading. 2 Psychology and Science Research in Psychology of Religion Positive Psychology James The Will to Believe Discussion Questions: 1. Following Web pages Based on your reading of this week’s online lectures, discuss the following: a. Analyze why two research frameworks — qualitative and quantitative Page 7 http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Religion http://www.psywww.c om/psyrelig/porfutur.h tm b. 2. Topic “VIA Strengths Inventory” from www.authentichappine ss.com — are needed in the psychology of religion. Support your response with examples. In the past century, religious fundamentalism is on the rise. Absolutist philosophies and religion-based terrorism received much media attention in the past few decades, from Israel to Afghanistan, and from Ireland to India. At the same time, around the world, there is a trend toward defining religion in terms of personal spirituality and opposite to organized and traditional religious forms. Consider and discuss this trend. 3. Based on this week’s textbook reading, discuss the following: a. What do you think are the major goals of science and religion? How similar are these goals? b. Integrate James’ understanding with information from the Web site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion Discuss the following: c. What do you think are the reasons for ”believing” and ”not believing?” d. Should scientists be more sympathetic to the sometimes unscientific basis for religious beliefs? Why or why not? Assignments: 1. Authentic Happiness a. Summarize the nature of the positive psychology movement within psychology. b. Compare and contrast the goals of positive psychologists with those of religious practitioners/leaders. c. Take the VIA signature strengths survey at: www.authentichappiness.com. d. Describe how your five signature strengths — all 24 are discussed in the online lecture — would contribute to your career goals and close relationships. e. Describe the characteristics that might be desired or even necessary in Page 8 f. a spiritual director and a psychotherapist. State the differences in strengths that you expect to see in these two types of professionals. 2. 3 Belief and Practice: Are They the Same? James The Energies of Men Final Project A critique of past research in psychology of religion involves the biases of the researchers. Many researchers were either skeptical of religion or have come from committed religious backgrounds. Many lacked familiarity with religion, because they themselves are not religious, or they have come from a Christian background and explored concepts from the perspective of Christianity. a. How did the childhood religious backgrounds of Freud and Jung affect their perspectives on religion? Use relevant Web sites to gather information to answer this question. b. Which researcher you studied this week had an attitude toward religion that is most similar to yours? Give examples. c. Name one bias about religion — either for or against — that could affect your approach towards the study of religion. d. Suggest three ways in which new researchers in this area can expand their knowledge of other religious traditions. Discussion Questions: 1. Yalom Chapter 11 Chapter 61 The sustained and courageous social activism of individuals such as Martin Luther King, Mother Teresa, and Gandhi are rare occurrences. Discuss: a. Why do most people believe in helping others, as espoused in their life philosophy but at the same time, may not do so? b. According to James, “A typical person energizes below his maximum, and…behaves below his optimum.” Discuss: c. What does James mean by this statement? Is this “bad”? Justify your answer. d. When are people most likely to feel energized to accomplish a task? Illustrate your answer with two examples from James’ essay. Page 9 Assignments: 1. Energies of Man Based on James’ reading for the week: a. Conduct interviews with two people including friends, family members, and classmates. b. Ask them to describe moments in their lives when they felt energized and motivated to accomplish a task. What was going on during this time that influenced their heightened sense of energy? For example, frustration, fear, or a tantalizing goal can all be incentives for working hard on a task. c. Let your interviewees speculate about why they feel they could push themselves to create this level of motivation in their everyday life — something that James suggests. d. Connect the ideas from the three to five interviews to ideas in James’ text. Ensure that you connect at least three ideas or examples from James to the responses from your interviewees. e. Use as much time per interview as it takes to receive answers that will allow you to synthesize the interviewees’ responses with information from the chapter about James. 2. Final Project William James confided that he wished to be a person of faith, but his open-mindedness and scientific attitude regarding religious faith prevented him from being so. On the other hand, some individuals like Mother Teresa, Gandhi, Thich Naht Hahn, and Martin Luther King, Jr., far from being distant observers of faith, lived out their faith in dramatic and constructive ways. These individuals stand out precisely because faith was the primary motivator in their lives, which does not apply to all people who label themselves “religious” or “spiritual.” a. What factors do you think are important in cultivating an active rather than a passive faith? Use examples from the life stories of Gandhi, Mother Teresa, etc. b. Choose a person, living or dead, who you believed lived out their faith. This person may be a religious or a political figure. Use the Web, information from other classes or other, to describe how this person used their beliefs to justify their actions, lifestyle, and the Page 10 4 Religion and Psychopathology Mysticism vs Psychoticism Conversions and Personality Change Fundamentalism and Cults Following Web pages http://www.csp.org/ex perience/jamesvarieties/jamesvarieties.html impact of their life on others. Discussion Questions: 1. Navigate around the site’s link to articles on cults. (Lecture IX: Conversion) http://www.psywww.c om/psyrelig/james/jam es8.htm#189 Refer to the following Web site: http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/utilities/sitemap.htm You can also refer to the following for a general overview: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult 2. http://www.deikman.c om/observing.html Conversion experiences, as described in William James’ chapter on the topic, seem to “come out of nowhere” and “strike one all of a sudden.” a. Why would James argue this is not the case? b. What are James’ ideas on the origins of conversion experiences, in your opinion? Assignments: 1. Fundamentalism: As with all the assignments, I may revise this assignment or provide an alternative. a. b. Find two Web sites each that relate to fundamentalism: i) The first set of Web sites should encourage “going back to the fundamentals” and may be sponsored by a church, mosque, temple, or other religious organization. ii) The other should be critical of Fundamentalism as a movement and may be sponsored by a more liberal or progressive religious organization or a non-religious organization. From the information obtained at these four sites and from lecture, draw up a list of benefits and a list of drawbacks of the fundamentalist position. i) What was your previous opinion of Fundamentalism? ii) Do you hold the same view now or not? How have your views of this movement changed from your reading? Page 11 5 Relationships in Buddhism Relationships in Psychological Therapy Psychotherapy Versus Spiritual Direction Psycho-spirituality Yalom Chapter 1 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 14 Discussion Questions: 1. From your reading of James: What lessons can you take away that would benefit your future academic or professional work? For example: a. If you attend graduate school, how would James’ idea on “blindness” affect the way you viewed others’ ideas? b. If you work in a service agency as a group home counselor, how would this idea of “blindness” affect how you worked with others? Use specific references from the text to support your answer. James On a Certain Blindness in Human Beings Assignments: After reading Yalom’s chapters on how he works with his clients in therapy, answer the following questions: a. What similarities do you find in Yalom’s approach and in the information about psychospirituality? b. Yalom does not appear to address spirituality and religion directly, though he helps people question their own meaning systems and beliefs. If you had to be a client in therapy, would you search for a secular (non-religious) therapist like Yalom, or a counselor who worked with spirituality and religion? c. Do you think people who are trained to be psychotherapists should take courses in world religions? Explain, using relevant examples. Following Web pages http://sdiworld.org/ http://www.newadvent .org/cathen/05024a.ht m http://www.obeliskfou ndation.com/articles/ar tpsych.html http://www.nealelundg ren.com/sapse/sapse_i ndex.html 6 Summary of Approaches Development: Childhood to Late Life Yalom Chapter 41 Chapter 43 Discussion Questions: 1. Read about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from the following online Page 12 Religious or Spiritual Self-Analysis Chapter 44 lectures and Web sites: Following Web pages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maslow http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/hierarchy+of+needs Describe it as you understand it. http://encyclopedia.the freedictionary.com/hie rarchy+of+needs What criticisms of this model do you have? Provide examples that help illustrate and justify your criticisms. 2. Kant’s idea of a “Categorical Imperative” would require that each person live in a way and if all people adopted that way of life, the world would be a good, sane place to live in. a. With this in mind, do you think there is a brief set of principles that all people could be encouraged to live by? b. Is this desirable or even possible? c. Discuss either of the following two questions: i) What would be these principles? or ii) Why it would not be desirable or possible to attain such an ideal? Assignments: More information to come. 7 Limitations: Psychology Limitations: Religion in Therapy James’ Pragmatism in Research James What Pragmatism Means Discussion Questions: 1. James’ essay on pragmatism offers an understanding of “truth” that was novel at a time when people were influenced with the idea of truth as expressed in science. a. How does James’ view of truth from a pragmatic perspective discussed in his essay differ from other kinds of truth such as scientific truth? b. How do you think a pragmatic attitude toward experience, especially religious experience, may beneficially influence research in the psychology of religion? 2. How do you define truth? How would you define this word in one or two Following Web pages http://www.apa.org/m onitor/dec03/religion.h tml http://www.apa.org/m onitor/dec03/secret.ht ml Page 13 sentences? How does your definition compare to the ideas of truth presented by Wilber and James? List two ways in which your definition is similar or dissimilar to their ideas. 3. Visit the following web pages: http://www.apa.org/monitor/dec03/religion.html http://www.apa.org/monitor/dec03/secret.html From your rereading of the articles from APA Monitor from Week 1 listed above and this week’s lecture and readings, discuss: a. Should doctors, nurses, psychologists, and other physical and mental health professionals who are currently interested in religious or spiritual issues among their clients, learn about Wilber’s model? Why or why not? b. If you agree that health professionals should learn about Wilber’s model, list five ways in which health professionals could use Wilber’s ideas and the ideas presented in the APA articles in practice. Assignments: 1. Understanding Biases and Pragmatism Choose a controversial current issue in the U.S. or in your home country or culture that involves a debate concerning religious issues. For example, you may choose the issue of protesting outside concerts of popular musicians such as Marilyn Manson and Eminem in the U.S. by religious groups. Gather information from reputable Web sites dealing with your issue of your choice to understand the various advocated perspectives. Based on this information: a. Prepare a comprehensive summary of the issue. b. Analyze and describe the various viewpoints of the debate surrounding the issue of your choice, according to the learning from this course so far. Page 14 c. d. 8 Personal Synthesis of Approaches Current Research Problems Future Research and Practice Following Web pages http://www.religionfac ts.com List biases from both sides that limit the understanding of the issue. What advice or information would you provide to each group in this debate to help each understand the other’s point of view on the issue? Use quotes from James’ essay on pragmatism to convince them to understand the issue in a different way. Discussion Questions: 1. The research in the psychology of religion focused more on the beliefs and behaviors of Christians than any other religious group. Indeed, a shallow understanding of other religious faiths is likely to be translated through a Christian lens or the lens of the researcher’s own faith or nonfaith tradition. For more information, visit the following Web site: http://www.religionfacts.com Based on the information presented in the following Web site, discuss the following: a. What are the major differences in the beliefs of two of the major world religions? b. Include Christianity, Judaism, Islam, or any monotheistic religions as one of the faiths. For example, you may compare Islam and Hinduism or Christianity and Buddhism. c. What are the differences that may concern psychologists wanting to know more about a different faith? 2. Some people working in education curricula such as Charles Haynes, believe that students should gain knowledge about world religions because religious differences can raise a diversity issue in U.S. schools. Others think that religion is better left out of the public schools because it is essentially a private and personal issue. Do you think a course with content similar to this course would be valuable for high school students to take? Why or why not? Cite four different ideas from your reading of the texts, lectures, or online material of the course that justify your response. Page 15 Grading Criteria Grading Scale Grading requirements A 100 -93 A- 92 – 90 B+ 89 – 88 B 87 – 83 B- 82 – 80 C+ 79 – 78 C 77 – 73 C- 72 – 70 D+ 69 – 68 D 67 – 63 D- 62 – 60 F 59 and below Attendance/participation Weekly Assignments Final paper Optional Optional 25% 20% 35% 10% 10% 100% Library: All resources in Argosy University’s online collection are available through the Internet. The campus librarian will provide students with links, user IDs, and passwords. Library Resources: Argosy University’s core online collection features nearly 21,000 full-text journals and 23,000 electronic books and other content covering all academic subject areas including Business & Economics, Career & General Education, Computers, Engineering & Applied Science, Humanities, Science, Medicine & Allied Health, and Social & Behavior Sciences. Many titles are directly accessible through the Online Public Access Catalog at http://library.argosy.edu. Detailed descriptions of online resources are located at http://library.argosy.edu/misc/onlinedblist.html. In addition to online resources, Argosy University’s onsite collections contain a wealth of subject-specific research materials searchable in the Online Public Access Catalog. Catalog searching is easily limited to individual campus collections. Alternatively, students can search combined collections of all Argosy University Libraries. Students are encouraged to seek research and reference assistance from campus librarians. Information Literacy: Argosy University’s Information Literacy Tutorial was developed to teach students fundamental and transferable research skills. The tutorial consists of five modules where students learn to select sources appropriate for academic-level research, search periodical indexes and search engines, and Page 16 evaluate and cite information. In the tutorial, students study concepts and practice them through interactions. At the conclusion of each module, they can test their comprehension and receive immediate feedback. Each module takes less than 20 minutes to complete. Please view the tutorial at http://library.argosy.edu/infolit/ Academic Policies Academic Dishonesty/Plagiarism: In an effort to foster a spirit of honesty and integrity during the learning process, Argosy University requires that the submission of all course assignments represent the original work produced by that student. All sources must be documented through normal scholarly references/citations and all work must be submitted using the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5 th Edition (2001). Washington DC: American Psychological Association (APA) format. Please refer to Appendix A in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th Edition for thesis and paper format. Students are encouraged to purchase this manual (required in some courses) and become familiar with its content as well as consult the Argosy University catalog for further information regarding academic dishonesty and plagiarism. Scholarly writing: The faculty at Argosy University is dedicated to providing a learning environment that supports scholarly and ethical writing, free from academic dishonesty and plagiarism. This includes the proper and appropriate referencing of all sources. You may be asked to submit your course assignments through “Turnitin,” (www.turnitin.com), an online resource established to help educators develop writing/research skills and detect potential cases of academic dishonesty. Turnitin compares submitted papers to billions of pages of content and provides a comparison report to your instructor. This comparison detects papers that share common information and duplicative language. Americans with Disabilities Act Policy It is the policy of Argosy University to make reasonable accommodations for qualified students with disabilities, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If a student with disabilities needs accommodations, the student must notify the Director of Student Services. Procedures for documenting student disability and the development of reasonable accommodations will be provided to the student upon request. Students will be notified by the Director of Student Services when each request for accommodation is approved or denied in writing via a designated form. To receive accommodation in class, it is the student’s responsibility to present the form (at his or her discretion) to the instructor. In an effort to protect student privacy, the Department of Student Services will not discuss the accommodation needs of any student with instructors. Faculty may not make accommodations for individuals who have not been approved in this manner. The Argosy University Statement Regarding Diversity Argosy University prepares students to serve populations with diverse social, ethnic, economic, and educational experiences. Both the academic and training curricula are designed to provide an environment in which students can develop the skills and attitudes essential to working with people from a wide range of backgrounds. Page 17