Genetics: The Science of Heredity
Name________________________________________Teacher_______________________
Chapter 5 Study Guide (Pages156-173)
______ 1. Unlike kinetic energy, potential energy is
a. energy of motion.
c. only found in machines.
b. stored.
d. not measurable.
______ 2. Exerting a force on an object that causes the object to move is called
a.
work
b. energy
c. power
d. mass
______ 3. The rate at which work is done is called
a. work
b. energy
c.
power
d. mass
______ 4. The energy associated with motion is called
a. kinetic energy.
b. elastic potential energy.
c. gravitational potential energy.
d. nuclear energy.
______ 5. What two factors affect kinetic energy
a. mass and weight
b. density and volume
c. mass and speed
d. height and volume
______ 6. The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is transformed into
another,
a. energy is destroyed in the process.
b. no energy is destroyed in the process.
c. energy is created in the process.
d. some amount of energy cannot be accounted for.
______ 7. What type of energy powers the sun?
a. electromagnetic energy.
b. nuclear energy.
c. mechanical energy.
d. chemical energy.
______ 8. You hit a drum and hear a sound. What type of energy allows you to hear the sound?
a. electromagnetic energy.
b. nuclear energy.
c. sound energy.
d. chemical energy.
______ 9. Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called
a. electromagnetic energy.
c. mechanical energy.
b. nuclear energy.
10.
d. chemical energy.
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
11. A large truck and a small car are moving at the same speed. The truck has greater kinetic energy because its
mass is greater.
12. A toaster transforms electrical energy into thermal
(heat) energy to toast the bread.
13. The amount of energy transferred in a unit of time is called power.
14. A book sitting on a shelf has potential energy.
15. The SI unit for measuring energy is joules.
16. Ben and Tim race 1 lap around a track. Tim won even though both runners did the same amount of work.
17. Which letter represents the position at which the basketball has the greatest
potential energy? Explain.
Point C. At this point, which is the highest point, all of
the ball’s energy is gravitational potential energy. The
ball does not have kinetic energy because it is not
moving at this point.
18. Which letter represents the position at which the basketball has the greatest
kinetic energy? Explain.
Point E. As the ball falls from C to E, potential energy
is converted to kinetic energy. The velocity of the ball
increases as it falls, which means that the ball attains
its greatest velocity, and thus its greatest kinetic
energy, at E.
19. Which has the greater kinetic energy, a 10-kg object traveling at a speed of 2 m/s or a 5-kg object traveling at a
speed of 4 m/s? Explain.
2
½ X 10 X 2 = ½ X 10 X 4 = ½ X 40 = 20 Joules
½ X 5 X 42 = ½ X 5 X 16 = ½ X 80 = 40 Joules
20. Is the potential energy of the pendulum increasing or
decreasing at position E? Explain.
Neither. The potential energy of the
pendulum reaches its maximum value at
position E, and is neither increasing nor
decreasing at that point.
21. Compare the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the
pendulum at position A to the sum at position C. (Ignore friction.)
Point A is a point of maximum potential
energy and minimum kinetic energy. Point C
is the point of maximum kinetic energy and
minimum potential energy. According to the
law of conservation of energy, the sum of
the kinetic and potential energies of the
pendulum is constant, assuming no losses
from friction. So the potential energy at A is
equal to the kinetic energy at C.