First round of stakeholder meetings: WP6 questions
Jetske Bouma & Dave Huitema, IVM, the Netherlands
In this note we outline the questions work package 6 would like to see addressed in
the village-level stakeholder meetings, and make a suggestion about the selection of
the study villages. Clearly, we welcome feedback and comments:
jetske.bouma@ivm.vu.nl.
Selection of study villages
First of all, we would like to propose that the (village) communities that we visit in
the first round of stakeholder meetings will also be the focus of the research on socioeconomic vulnerability (e.g. which would mean we would limit the household survey
to these villages and collect socio-economic information mostly for these sites).
Second, to make sure we get a representative picture of socio-economic vulnerability
in the study sites, we would like to propose a stratified sample of 4-6 villages per
study site, based on the location of villages in the study sites. For this, we would like
to suggest the following: a) villages located inside the protected area, b) villages
located outside the protected area, but making direct use of the protected area and/or
being (positively or negatively) affected by the earlier establishment of the protected
area and c) villages located upstream the protected area, not using the protected area
directly but affecting biodiversity protection indirectly through water use. Table 1
gives an indication of what this would imply.
Table 1 Stratified sample of villages for community meetings and household surveys
1. Villages
located inside
protected area
2. Villages
bordering the
protected areas
3. Upstream
villages
Costa Rica
In ‘humedales’
near Ballena
national park
Indigenous and
other villages
close to the
humedales
Irrigators
upstream
(pineapple)
India
In Chandoli
national park
Vietnam
In Na Hang
nature reserve
Indigenous and
other villages,
close to the park
Indigenous and
other villages,
close to the
reserve
(applicable ??)
(no group
upstream of
Chandoli park)
South Africa
(no villages
inside Kruger
park)
Indigenous and
other villages,
close to the park
Irrigators
upstream
(commercial)
The idea would be to visit these villages during the first round of field visits and to
then randomly select households from these villages for the household survey in stage
two. Finally, we may conduct economic experiments in the study villages, inviting the
households that cooperated in the household survey to join (participants earn real
money in these experiments, so this compensates their participation costs).
In the following, we present some questions regarding livelihood strategies,
definitions of socio-economic vulnerability and livelihood-nature linkages in the
study villages. Optionally, we could also develop a set of closed questions, using the
framework of quantified participatory assessment, to rank information regarding
socio-economic vulnerability, natural resource management and livelihood-nature
linkages across the sites.
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Questions for village-level stakeholder meetings LiveDiverse
1. General Details
Village name
Location
(inside protected area, outside, upstream)
GPS coordinates
Date of the meeting
Total participants (male/female)
2. Village Details
Total number of households or inhabitants
Total area (km2 or ha)
Does the village have a formal administrative
authority? (mayor, other)
Does the village have an informal, traditional
authority (elder, chief, etc.)
Are the authorities present at the meeting?
Village type
(Indigenous, non-indigenous or mixed)?
Connected by tarmac road? (Y/N)
Distance to nearest (market) town (km)
3. Livelihood strategiesList the 5 main livelihood strategies of households in this village
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(for example: combinations of subsistence farming (crops and/or livestock), wage labour, commercial
farming, crafts, tourism, hunting, fishing, NFTP’s, etc )
4. Income from natural resources- opportunity costs
List the prices (per kg, piece or else) on the local market for some of the products villagers sell.
1.NFTP’s
2.bushmeat (hunting)
3.fish and shell fish
4.livestock
5.crops
6.timber
7.other
(for example: combinations of subsistence farming (crops and/or livestock), wage labour, commercial
farming, crafts, tourism, hunting, fishing, NFTP’s, etc )
5. Livelihoods-nature linkages
Describe the dependence of each livelihood strategy on natural resources/the ecosystem
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(for example: use of land and water for crop production, use of forest to feed livestock, use of wood for
drafts, use of NFTP’s or trees for commercial purposes, etc.)
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6. Other dependence on ecosystem services
List the main sources of water for:
Drinking and cooking
Bathing
Washing/cleaning
Other
List other uses of nature for household subsistence and health
Construction (boats, houses)
Health (medicines, other)
Food (hunting, gathering etc)
Other
7. Property rights and ecosystem access
List for each livelihood-nature linkage (question 4) who owns the land or resource entitlement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(for example, private property, community land, protected area/ government land, other)
Do the same for the uses of nature listed under question 5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8. Natural resource and ecosystem management
List for each livelihood-nature linkage (question 4, 6) how land/resource use is managed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(for example, informal rules, government enforcement, private management, other, none)
Do the same for the uses of nature listed under question 5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9 Informal rules, social sanctioning and community control
If the community has defined certain rules and/or uses social sanctioning or other mechanisms
to enforce sustainable resource use, then please discuss what these mechanisms are, since
when they have been in place and how effective they seem to be.
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10 Community participation
If the community participates in the management of the protected area and/or in the
management of natural resources (water, land, forest etc.) in any other way, please discuss
what participation entails (planning, decision-making, rule enforcement, etc.), since when the
community has been participating and how effective community participation seems to be.
11. Details of village organizations/user groups
Name of the
Type of group
Group
1.
2.
3.
4.
#
members
# female
members
12. External shocks- village scale
What have been the main external shocks (environmental, political, economic) to the village
in the last 10 years?
List the main shocks, mentioning year, type of shock and main impact.
Year
Type of shock
Main impact
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
13. External shocks: village response
Has, and if yes how, the village tried to do anything to avoid, or adapt to, these shocks?
If yes, list community responses per shock (see question 12).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
14. Definitions of poverty
Discuss the 5 characteristics that determine whether a household is poor.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
15. External shocks-household scale
List the external factors that cause households to become poor (disease, crop failure, other)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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15. External shocks-household response
Do, and if yes how, households try to avoid, or adapt to, these shocks?
If yes, list the household responses per type of shock (see question 14)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Any other relevant information about socio-economic vulnerability in this village?
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