PreAP Biology
Evolution & Classification
TGT Questions
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What does gene shuffling involve?
What are some limitations to natural selection?
What is the definition of microevolution?
Hemoglobin is a common protein, whose amino acid sequence is known. There are
20 amino acids different between a dog and a rattlesnake hemoglobin structure.
There are 10 amino acids different between a dog and a coyote. Rattlesnakes and
coyotes have 25 amino acids different in their hemoglobin structure. Which 2
species are more closely related?
What are homologous structures?
What percentage of living things has gone extinct?
How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
Define “Descent with Modification”.
As the allele frequency of p increases, what happens to q?
What was Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
Who recognized that the interaction of an organism with its environment was
important in an evolutionary sense?
Name two conditions necessary for natural selection to take place.
All organisms use the same genetic code. What does that tell you about their
relationship?
Name two of the 5 conditions that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to
occur.
What did Stanley Miller’s experiment prove?
If the dominant allele is present in a gene at a frequency of 60%, what is the
frequency of the recessive allele?
In gene flow, genes are being exchanged between
.
All of the members of a population have the same
, which
determines their phenotypes.
Why do researchers think RNA came 1st?
What does natural selection act directly on?
What is Founder Effect?
What is the Bottleneck Effect?
What is temporal isolation?
When members of the same population interbreed, what happens to the gene pool?
Name five kinds of isolation which will result in speciation.
What evidence supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis?
Allopatric speciation results from
.
How are bacterial cell walls different from plant cell walls?
What is a polygenic trait?
What does the term “fitness” mean?
How does the concept of punctuated equilibrium differ from “normal” evolutionary
theory?
Two different species both develop wings. What kind of evolution is this?
What is macroevolution?
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What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
What can limit natural selection?
The first part of a scientific name is the
name.
What are the levels of classification? Name all 7.
Why did early naturalists “invent” a classification system?
In a scientific name, what term is always capitalized?
How many Kingdoms are there in modern classification?
How many Kingdoms were there in Linnaeus’ classification system (originally)?
What distinguishes one branch from another in a cladogram?
What one characteristic do all the Kingdoms except the Bacteria share?
Which domain(s) do prokaryotes belong to?
Who is the “father” of modern taxonomy?
What did Linnaeus base his classification system on?
A group of related Families are part of an
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What is an outgroup?
A character shared by all organisms in a cladogram is a
What is parsimony?
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PreAP Biology
Evolution & Classification
TGT Answers
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Crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes
Only edit existing variations, limited by historical constraints, adaptations are often
compromises
A change in allele frequency
Dog and coyote
Structures which come from the same embryonic tissue
99%
Human beings decide which organisms to breed, not nature.
Descent from a common ancestor—with changes.
It decreases
That organisms developed adaptations to their environment, and passed them on.
Both Darwin and Lamarck
Struggle for existence, Survival of Fittest, Variation in Gene Pool
They share a common ancestor
Large Population; Random Mating; No Natural Selection; No Migration; No
Mutation
That conditions are early Earth were favorable enough to form molecules needed
for life
40%
Populations
Gene Pool (Genes)
RNA can act as an enzyme, researchers have been able to create it in a lab
Alleles (Genes)
A few individuals “found” a population with allele frequencies different from the
general population.
A catastrophe wipes out most of the members of the population, leaving only a few
individuals to reproduce.
Reproductive isolation where organisms are separated by time (day/night)
It doesn’t change
Geographic isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation,
hybrid sterility
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have their own DNA, which is similar to
bacteria
Geographic reproductive isolation
Plants-cellulose cell walls, Bacteria-peptidoglycan cell wall
A trait determined by several different genes acting together.
The ability to survive and pass genes on to the next generation.
Punctuated equilibrium says evolution can proceed both quickly and slowly.
Convergent evolution
Large-scale changes in evolutionary patterns
p2 + 2pq + q2
35. Selection only edits existing variations, it is limited by history, and adaptations are
compromises
36. Genus
37. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
38. Because there were so many organisms which were so diverse. They were
attempting to bring order to chaos!
39. Genus
40. 6
41. 2
42. Derived characters
43. They are eukaryotes.
44. Bacteria and Archaea
45. Linnaeus
46. Physical similarities
47. Order
48. A group that does not have common derived characters
49. Primitive character
50. The quest for the simplest explanation for observed phenomena.