SECOND TERM EXAMINATION (2000-2001) SECONDARY VII PHYSICS PAPER II Name:_____________________( ) Date: 25-2-2000 Time: 3 hours Class: S.7( ) No. of pages: 16 Section A There are 45 questions in this section. Answer ALL questions. You should spend about 1 hour and 45 minutes in this section. Where necessary, take g to be 10 ms-2 and take c to be 3 x 108 ms-1. 1. The arrangement shown is used to find the output power of an electric motor. The wheel attached to the motor's axle has a circumference of 0.5 m and the belt which passes over it is stationary when the weights have the values shown in the diagram. If the wheel makes 20 revolutions per second, the output power is A. 200 W B. 300 W C. 500 W D. 600 W E. 700 W 2. A mass m is attached to a string wound around the axle of a flywheel of radius R. The radius of the axle is r. The mass, after falling through a vertical distance h, strikes the ground at a speed v. Neglect all effects due to air resistance and friction. Which of the following statements is /are true? (1) The loss in gravitational potential energy of mass m is equal to the gain in rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel. 2h (2) The time for the mass to fall a distance h is . v (3) The angular acceleration of the flywheel is A. B. C. D. E. v2 . 2 rh (1) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) 3. Two wooden blocks A and B of the same mass are connected by a string which passes over a smooth fixed pulley as shown. The blocks are at rest. The maximum friction between any two surfaces is 2 N. If a force F parallel to the plane is applied to A, find its minimum value for moving A. A. 2 N B. 4 N C. 6 N D. 8 N E. cannot be determined because the mass of each block and the angle of inclination are not given. 4. Racing tracks for cars are banked on the corners at an angle to the horizontal. Which of the -1- following is a possible reason for this design feature? (1) To reduce the frictional force between the car and the track necessary to prevent skidding. (2) To reduce the radius of curvature of the path which a car travelling at a given speed can safely follow. (3) To increase the component of the weight of the car towards the centre of its path. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 5. A simple pendulum is displaced an angle and is released from rest. If T is the tension in the string and m is the mass of the bob, which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) When the bob passes through its lowest position, the tension T is equal to mg. (2) At the moment when the bob is released, T cos = mg. (3) The restoring force of the harmonic motion is mg sin . A. B. C. D. E. 6. (1) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) A ball bounces elastically up and down on the ground in the vertical direction. Which of the following graphs best describes the variation of its momentum p with time t? -2- 7. Two pendulums, X and Y, are identically coupled to a much more massive pendulum, Z. The length of Z is varied. Graphs of the amplitude of oscillation of X and Y against the length of Z are shown in the diagram. Which of the following is correct? (1) The pendulums X and Y have equal length. (2) Y is more heavily damped than X. (3) X and Y will always vibrate in phase with Z. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 8. A star rotating about an axis through its centre runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses. The radius decreases by 103 times. Assuming no mass loss and the densities before and after collapses are uniform. Which of the following is true? A. Its angular speed increases by 103 times. B. Its density increases by 103 times. C. Its angular momentum increases by 103 times. D. Its kinetic energy increases by 106 times. E. The acceleration due to gravity on its surface increases by 103 times. 9. The velocity of escape from the earth is V0. For a planet with radius three times that of the earth and with density twice that of the earth, the velocity of escape from the planet would be A. 2 V0 B. 6 V0 C. 2 3 V0 D. 3 2 V0 E. 2 6 V0 10. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Gravitational field lines are perpendicular to equipotential lines. B. Gravitational field strength is the negative of potential gradient. C. Along the line joining the earth and the moon, the gravitational potential is zero at a point where the resultant gravitational field is zero. D. When a spacecraft moves along a line of equipotential, it acquires no change in potential energy. E. An astronaut in a spacecraft feels weightless when the spacecraft falls towards the earth with the engine turned off. 11. The diagram shows the interference pattern in a ripple tank when the probes P and Q are vibrating in phase and at a frequency of 10 Hz. The lines of the pattern are equally spaced between P and Q and are 1.0 cm apart. The speed of the water waves in the ripple tank is -3- A. B. C. D. E. 0.025 ms-1 0.050 ms-1 0.10 ms-1 0.20 ms-1 0.40 ms-1 12. The figure shows a section of a continuous plane polarized radio wave travelling along the x-direction. The vectors in the y-direction represent the varying electric field and those in the z-direction represent the varying magnetic field. For the reception of the wave, two types of aerials available are straight metal rods and circular metal loops. How should each type of aerials be oriented for maximum reception of the radio wave? Orientation of straight Orientation of circular metal rods metal loops A. The length of the rod in The plane of the loop in x-direction. the x-y plane. B. The length of the rod in The plane of the loop in y-direction. the x-z plane. C. The length of the rod in The plane of the loop in z-direction. the y-z plane. D. The length of the rod in The plane of the loop in x-direction. the y-z plane. E. The length of the rod in The plane of the loop in y-direction. the x-y plane. 13. A diffraction grating ruled with 5000 lines per cm is illuminated normally by white light. If the wavelengths for yellow light and violet light are 600 nm and 400 nm respectively, which of the following statements is false? A. The central image is white. B. The violet end of the first-order spectrum is closer to the central image than is the red end of the first-order spectrum. C. The second-order image of yellow light coincides with the third order image of violet light. D. The angular displacement of the second-order image of yellow light from the central image is sin-1 0.6. E. There is no fourth-order image for violet light. 14. When monochromatic light is incident normally on a wedge-shaped thin film, an interference pattern may be seen by reflection. Which of the following changes would increase the number of fringes per unit length as seen by an observer? (1) increasing the wavelength of the light (2) increasing the angle of the wedge (3) increasing the refractive index of the film material A. B. C. D. E. (1), (2) and (3) (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1) only (3) only -4- 15. When two notes of nearly equal frequencies f1 and f2, with f2 > f1, are sounded together, beats are heard. Beats are periodic variations in A. pitch, with beat frequency (f2 - f1). B. pitch, with beat frequency ½ (f1 + f2). C. loudness, with beat frequency (f2 - f1). D. intensity, with beat frequency ½ (f2 - f1). E. intensity, with beat frequency ½ (f1 + f2). 16. Two loudspeakers are connected to the same signal source of negligible impedance At a point equidistant from the two loudspeakers, the intensity level of the sound produced is 30 dB when one of the loudspeakers is turned on. If the other loudspeaker is also turned on, the intensity level of the sound at that point will be A. 33 dB B. 36 dB C. 60 dB D. 63 dB E. 67 dB 17. A sound source S approaches an observer O at a constant speed v. Speed of sound in air is c. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The velocity of the sound wave relative to the observer is c + v. (2) The frequency of the source as heard by O increases linearly with time as S approaches O. (3) The sound appears louder and louder as S approaches O. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 18. The surface of a material of refractive index 2.0 is coated with a thin film of liquid of refractive index 1.5 and thickness 300 nm. White light falls normally on the thin film. Which of the following light wavelengths (in air) is not reflected from the thin film? A. 300 nm B. 360 nm C. 400 nm D. 450 nm E. 900 nm 19. When parallel light is incident at the Brewster angle in air on the surface of a glass block, which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The reflected ray is plane-polarised. (2) The refracted ray is plane-polarised. (3) The incident ray and the reflected ray are at right angles to each other. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only -5- 20. A projector lens produces on a screen a clear, enlarged image of a slide transparency. In which case could a clear image with greater magnification be obtained? Screen Movement Lens Movement A. farther away closer to the slide B. farther away none C. closer away from the slide D. none closer to the slide E. closer closer to the slide 21. An ideal gas inside a container without thermal insulation is compressed very slowly to 70 % of its original volume. While the gas is being compressed, there is a heat energy transfer of 5000 J. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) Heat energy is transferred out of the system. (2) The internal energy increases by 5000 J. (3) Work is done by the gas to overcome the external pressure. A. B. C. D. E. (1) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) 22. Identical containers A and B contain oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) respectively. Both gases are at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Which of the following statements is/are true? In both containers, (1) the number of gas molecules is the same; (2) the r.m.s. speed of H2 molecules is greater than that of O2 molecules; (3) the frequency of collision of gas molecules with the walls of container is the same. A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) 23. A fire extinguisher is filled with water up to a level 0.5 m below its nozzle as shown. If water is ejected from the nozzle at a speed of 30 ms-1, what is the gas pressure in excess of the atmospheric pressure? (Density of water = 103 kg m-3.) A. 1.50 x 105 Pa B. 1.55 x 105 Pa C. 4.45 x 105 Pa D. 4.50 x 105 Pa E. 4.55 x 105 Pa -6- 24. The figure shows a simplified model of the force between two atoms in a solid plotted against their distance of separation. Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) The equilibrium separation of the atoms is r2. (2) The stiffness of the solid depends on the slope of the curve near r2. (3) The energy required to separate the two atoms is ½ [ F2 (r2 - r1) + F1 (r4 - r2) ] A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) 25. In a circuit with a vibrating reed switch, a 2 F capacitor is charged from a battery of e.m.f. 12 V and completely discharged through a resistor with a frequency of 25 Hz. The average power dissipated as heat in the resistor is A. 24 W B. 57.6 W C. 144 W D. 0.6 mW E. 3.6 mW 26. A steady potential difference V is applied across a coil of inductance L and resistance R, connected to a switch S, as shown. After closing the switch S, the current increases and takes time t to reach half its steady maximum value. The time t can be shortened by (1) inserting a piece of soft iron inside the solenoid. (2) applying a higher potential difference to the circuit. (3) adding a resistor in series with the coil. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 27. Particles A and B moving at the same speed enter a square region of uniform magnetic field as shown. Particle A leaves at X while particle B leaves at Y. If the charge to mass ratio of particle A is k and the period of particle A is T, what is the period of particle B? A. T B. C. D. E. 2T 2T kT 2 2T k -7- 28. As observed from above, a metal disc rotates clockwise steadily about a vertical axle passing through its centre with part of its plane cutting through a magnetic field, the direction of which is pointing vertically downwards. A resistor R is connected to the disc through two brushes P and Q. P touches the edge of the disc and Q makes contact with its vertical axle. Which of the following is/are correct? (1) A current flows from Q to P through the disc. (2) The e.m.f. induced across P and Q is proportional to the area of the disc. (3) The potential at Q is higher than that at P. A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) 29. The diagram illustrates the principle of an ohmmeter converted from a galvanometer. Unknown resistors are connected across XY. (1) The value of R should not be small compared with the unknown resistors. (2) If X and Y are short-circuited and the pointer of the galvanometer stays mid-way between P and Q, then R should be decreased during "zero-adjustment". (3) If the galvanometer is correctly calibrated in ohm, the scale is non-linear. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 30. In the circuit shown, reading of voltage and current were recorded for different values of supply frequency. The readings are as shown. Reading on meter A in mA (r.m.s.) Reading on meter V in V (r.m.s.) Frequency of supply in Hz 5 mA 2 mA 3 mA 5V 5V 5V 100 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz Which of the following components could be connected between the terminals of box X? A. a capacitor and an inductor in parallel B. a resistor and an inductor in parallel C. a capacitor and a resistor in series D. a capacitor and an inductor in series E. a capacitor and a resistor in parallel -8- 31. A charged particle is fired between a pair of parallel plates as shown in the diagram. On leaving the plates, it has been deflected downwards by 1 unit. A different charged particle, which has double the charge and four times the mass of the first, is fired with the same velocity between the plates. It will be deflected by A. B. C. D. E. ¼ unit ½ unit 1 unit 2 units 4 units 32. The coil of the galvanometer shown in the diagram is suspended at the end of a fibre and is wound on a light former. Which of the following factors alone will increase current sensitivity of the galvanometer? (1) Increase the current flowing into the coil. (2) Keeping the number of tuns of the coil the same, replace the wire with a thicker wire. (3) Replace the fibre with another one of lower restoring torque. A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) 33. The diagram shows a plan view of four long straight current-carrying wires. The wires are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the plane of the page, passing through the points P, Q, R, S at the corners of a square. X is the intersection of the diagonals of the square. The magnetic flux density at the point X is zero. In order for this to be the case, which of the following conditions must hold? (1) The current in P must be in the same direction as that in R. (2) The currents in all four wires must be of the same magnitude. (3) The currents in all four wires must be in the same direction. A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) 34. When a steady state is reached, the current delivered by the battery is A. B. C. D. E. zero. 4.0 A 5.0 A 5.3 A 8.0 A -9- 35. Two coaxial solenoids P and Q are arranged as shown. The cross-sectional areas of P and Q are A1 and A2 respectively. P contains N1 turns while Q contains N2 turns. Q is now connected to a power supply so that the current through it rises at a uniform rate S. The maximum e.m.f. induced in P is A. B. C. D. E. μ0N1N2A1S / L μ0N1N2A2S / L μ0N1N2A1S / L2 μ0N1N2A2S / L2 zero 36. A resistor R and a capacitor C are connected in series with an a.c. supply. The r.m.s. applied voltage and the r.m.s. current are V and I, respectively. If the resistance of R is equal to the reactance of C, the power consumed in the circuit will be A. IV / 4 B. IV / 3 C. IV / 2 D. IV / 2 E. 3 IV / 2 37. The diagram shows part of a circuit which carries a current of 1 A from X to Y through a cell of e.m.f. 4 V and internal resistance 1 Ω. The potential difference between X and Y is A. 1 V B. 2 V C. 3 V D. 4 V E. 5 V 38. A battery, a resistor and a parallel plate capacitor are connected in series. If the plates of the capacitor shown in the diagram are brought closer together, which of the following quantities will increase in magnitude? (1) The charge of both plates. (2) The field between the plates. (3) The potential difference across the plates. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 39. A photocell has a steady p.d. maintained between its cathode and anode. If its distance from a monochromatic light source is increased from 1 m to 2 m the electrons emitted from the cathode would (1) possess one quarter of the previous energy -10- (2) reach the collector with one quarter of the previous speed (3) be emitted at one quarter of the previous rate. Which of the above statements is/are correct? A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 40. The trace shown is obtained on the screen of an oscilloscope. From this it can be inferred that (1) a linear time base is applied to the X plates (2) the frequency in the Y direction is 3/2 times the frequency in the X direction (3) a sinusoidal signal is applied to the Y plates Which of the above statements is/are correct? A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 41. The diagram represents part of the energy levels for a valence electron of a certain atom. λ1, λ2 and λ3 are the wavelengths of the radiations emitted when the electron jumps between the levels of energy E1, E2 and E3 as indicated by the arrows. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) 1 1 = 1 2 + 1 3 (2) The frequency of the radiation of wavelength λ1 is the greatest. (3) If λ1 is a wavelength in the ultra-violet, then λ2 could be a wavelength in the visible spectrum. A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) 42. In the diagram shown, an α-source is placed over an ionization chamber. A saturation current I flows through resistor R of resistance 109 Ω when the p.d. between the electrodes is 60 V. The p.d. across R is then measured by a non-inverting amplifier circuit. A voltmeter V connected across the output gives a reading of 5 V. what is the value of I? A. 1.0 x 10-10 A B. 1.2 x 10-10 A -11- C. D. E. 1.0 x 10-9 A 1.2 x 10-9 A 6.0 x 10-8 A 43. The diagram shows the spectrum of X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube. Which of the following statements about the spectrum is/are correct? (1) If peaks appear in the spectrum, their wavelengths are independent of the potential difference across the tube. (2) The cut-off wavelength is independent of the material of the target in the tube. (3) The continuous part of the spectrum is caused by the slowing down of the electrons as they strike the target. A. (1), (2) and (3) B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) only E. (3) only 44. 14 C is used for the dating of a wooden archaeological specimen. Three measurements taken are listed below: Specimen Count-rate 1 g sample of living wood 80 counts per minute 1 g sample of archaeological 40 counts per minute specimen no sample 20 counts per minute Given that the half-life of 14C is 5700 years, what is the approximate age of the specimen? A. 4200 years B. 5700 years C. 8550 years D. 9000 years E. 11400 years 45. Which of the following is/are indicator(s) of the binding energy per nucleon of an isotope? (1) Stability of the isotope. (2) Energy needed to split the nucleus into its individual nucleons. (3) Neutrons to protons ratio. A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only E. (1), (2) and (3) END OF SECTION A -12- Section B Answer any THREE questions from this section. Write your answers in the ANSWER book provided 1. (a) A rubber ball is dropped freely from a certain height onto a horizontal floor. It rebounds to the same height after each bounce. In terms of the force acting, state two ways in which the motion, although periodic, differs from simple harmonic motion. (4 marks) (b)(i) For a planet revolving the sun in a circular orbit of radius r and with period T, show that r3 = KT2 where K is a constant. (ii) Is the equation r3 = KT2, with the same constant K for the planet, also valid for a satellite circling round the earth? Explain briefly. (4 marks) (c) A boy riding on a bicycle goes round a corner. Draw a diagram to show the force(s) acting on the boy and the bicycle as a system, and explain why the bicycle has to lean with an angle to the vertical. (4 marks) (d) Two identical cylinders, A and B, are held with their axes horizontal and at the same height on slopes of the same inclination. When released from rest, cylinder A slides down a smooth slope while cylinder B rolls down a rough slope without slipping. By using the principle of conservation of energy, explain which cylinder has the greater linear speed when reaching the bottom of the slopes. (No mathematical derivation is required) (4 marks) 2. (a) The first law of thermodynamics may be written as ΔU = Q + W (i) Explain the meaning of each term in the equation as it applies to the heating of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure thereby increasing the temperature of the gas. (ii) Explain the effect on each term in the equation of producing an equal temperature change in the same mass of gas at constant volume. (iii) Hence explain which process, (i) or (ii), involves a greater heat transfer. (6 marks) (b) (i) A student stated that radioactive materials with a short half-life always have a high activity. What is meant by (1) half-life, (2) activity? (ii) Discuss whether the student's statement is valid. -13- (4 marks) (c) What is the Bernoulli effect? Use the flow tube below to describe a simple demonstration of the effect. (4 marks) (No mathematical derivation is required) (d) The diagram below shows the top-view of the flight of a tennis ball struck with a spin. Describe, with reasons, the subsequent motion of the ball. (2 marks) 3. (a) State two of the principal differences between progressive waves and stationary waves. (2 marks) (b) The diagram shows the apparatus used in an experiment to investigate the vibrations of a length of copper wire. End A of the wire is attached to a vibrator which moves up and down at the frequency of the signal generator. A load attached to end B keeps the wire in tension. When the signal generator is adjusted to a particular frequency, a stationary wave is obtained as shown. (i) Explain why the mid-point of the wire is stationary. (ii) Compare and contrast the motion of the wire at points P, Q and R. (iii) The length AB of the copper wire used in the experiment is l and its mass is m; the mass of the load is M. Find the lowest frequency f0 at which a stationary wave will be produced. Draw a diagram of the wave. (8 marks) (c) In another experiment the leads to the signal generator are removed from the vibrator and connected to the wire near to points A and B so that an alternating current flows in the wire. A horseshoe magnet is arranged to produce a horizontal magnetic field at right angles to the wire near the mid-point. -14- (i) Describe the additional force now experienced by the wire and explain how it arises. (ii) State what you would expect to observe if the frequency of the alternating current were gradually increased from zero to 3f0. (iii) How could you use this experiment, suitably adapted, to measure the frequency of an alternating voltage? (6 marks) 4. (a) Electromagnetic induction is the effect in which a changing magnetic field gives rise to an e.m.f. in a conductor. State (in words) the laws which define (i) the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. and (ii) the direction of the induced e.m.f. (3 marks) (b)(i) A copper disc is placed above an electromagnet so that only part of the disc is placed between the poles. It is found that the disc spins freely with the electromagnet switched off, but quickly comes to rest when the electromagnet is switched on. Explain these observations. (ii) Explain how the principle used above is applied in moving-coil meters to prevent the pointer from deflecting beyond the equilibrium position. (6 marks) (c)(i) Explain, with suitable diagrams, how to construct a transformer for supplying an alternating voltage of 6 V from 220 V a.c. mains. State any assumptions and explain why they are necessary. (ii) Explain how the input current changes when a resistor is connected to the output terminals. (7 marks) 5.(a) This question concerns an experiment to obtain the voltage transfer characteristics of an amplifier. The amplifier is non-inverting; it has a voltage gain of 20 and uses an operational amplifier with negative feedback. The operational amplifier used has a large open loop gain and the circuit is operated from a -15 V — 0 — +15V supply. (i) Draw a circuit diagram showing how two resistors can be connected to the operational amplifier in order to obtain negative feedback. Suggest suitable values for the resistors. (3 marks) (ii) The input to the amplifier is to be a d.c. voltage, the value of which can be varied. Draw a second circuit diagram showing how the power supply can be used to provide such an input. (2 marks) -15- (iii) Sketch the graph of output voltage against input voltage which you would expect for the amplifier you have drawn in (a). Label each axis and indicate the voltage values. Mark on your graph the region in which the circuit could be used as an amplifier, and describe how you would use the graph to confirm that the gain of the amplifier is 20. (4 marks) (b) (c) Explain why an op-amp in open-loop mode is suitable for using as a voltage comparator in switching circuit, but is unsuitable for acting as an amplifier. (4 marks) Draw the circuit of a voltage follower using an ideal operational amplifier. Explain why the output voltage follows the input voltage exactly. (3 marks) END OF PAPER -16- CARMEL DIVINE GRACE FOUNDATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECOND TERM EXAMINATION (2000-2001) SECONDARY VII PHYSICS PAPER II (ANSWER) Section A 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. E 13. E 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. E 24. C 25. E 26. E 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. E 35. B 36. C 37. E 38. B 39. E 40. C Section B 1. -17- 41. E 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. A m p p p p p -18-