Special Education Acronyms
COMMON TERMS
ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act
ADA: Average Daily Attendance
ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder
ADHD: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
AI: Auditory Impairment
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AGENCY: Texas Education Agency
APE: Adaptive Physical Education
ARD: Admission, Review, and Dismissal
AT: Assistive/Adaptive Technology
ATD: Assistive Technology Device
AU: Autism
BIP: Behavior Intervention Program
CA: Chronological Age
CBI: Community-Based Instruction
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
CBWT: Community-Based Work Training
CIA: Comprehensive Individual Assessment
CIC: Clean Intermittent Catheterization
CMC: Content Master Center
CP: Cerebral Palsy
CPI: Crisis Prevention Intervention
CRCG: Community Resource Coordination Group
CVAE: Cooperative Vocational Academic Education
DB: Deaf - Blind
DPH: Due Process Hearing
DSM IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric
Association
ECI: Early Childhood Intervention
ED: Emotional Disturbance
ESC: Education Service Center
ESL: English as a Second Language
ESY: Extended School Year
FAPE: Free and Appropriate Public Education
FVE: Functional Vision Evaluation
HCFA: Health Care Financing Administration
HCPA: Handicapped Children's Protection Act
HHS: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HLS: Home Language Survey
ICC: Interagency coordinating Council
IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IEE: Independent Educational Evaluation
IEP: Individualized Education Program
IFC-MR: Intermediate Care Facility for the Mentally Retarded
IFSP: Individual(ized) Family Services Plan
IQ: Intelligence Quotient
ITP: Individual Transition Plan
IU: Intermediate Unit
LD: Learning Disabled
LEA: Local Education Agency
LEP: Limited English Proficient
LMA: Learning Media Assessment
LPAC: Language Proficiency Assessment Committee
LIFE: Learning in a Functional Environment (Curriculum)
LRE: Least Restrictive Environment
MHA: Mental Health Authority
MR: Mental Retardation
O&M: Orientation and Mobility
ODD: Oppositional Defiant Disorder
OHI: Other Health Impairments
OI: Orthopedic Impairment
OJT: On-the-Job Training
OSEP: Office of Special Education Program
OT: Occupational Therapy
PEIMS: Public Education Information System
PDD: Pervasive Developmental Disorder
PPCD: Preschool Program for Children with Disabilities
PT: Physical Therapy
RDSPD: Regional Day School Program for the Deaf
SAD: State Administrative Decision
SBOE: State Board of Education
SEA: State Educational Agency/Authority
SEMS: State Education Management System
SERS: Special Education Resource System
SI: Speech Impairment
SSA: Social Security Administration
SSI: Supplemental Security Income
TAAS: Texas Assessment of Academic Skills
TAC: Texas Administrative Code
TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury
TCB: Texas Commission for the Blind
TDD: Telecommunication Device for the Deaf
TDHS: Texas Department of Human Services
TDMHMR: Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation
TEA: Texas Education Agency
TEACCH: Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication
handicapped Children
TEC: Texas Education Code
TRC: Texas Rehabilitation Commission
TWC: Texas Workforce Commission
TYC: Texas Youth Commission
VAC: Vocational Adjustment Coordinator
VEH: Vocational Education for the Handicapped
VI: Visual Impairment
WIAT: Weschler Individual Achievement Test
WISC-R: Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised
WRAT: Wide Range Achievement Test
504: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 discrimination on the basis of
disability (not an educational program).
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): Prohibits discrimination in
employment, public services, public accommodations and transportation,
and providing telecommunication relay services. Provides a clear and
comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination
against individuals with disabilities.
Auditory Impairment (AI) is used synonymously with “hearing
impaired” and both terms are understood to include “deaf” and “hard of
hearing.” These students have been determined to have a serious hearing
loss even after corrective medical treatment or use of amplification.
ARD is the Admission, Review and Dismissal committee which makes
decisions concerning the educational program of a student referred or
placed in special education. Responsibilities of the ARD Committee
include:
-Review all diagnostic test results
-Establish eligibility for special education services
-Develop the Individual Education Plan (IEP)
-Provide for educational placement in the least restrictive environment
-Review all special services assignments annually to determine the need
for continuation, change, reappraisal or dismissal
-Ensure that alternatives are reviewed and additional services are
discussed
-Determine eligibility for Extended Year Services (EYS)
Adapted Physical Education (APE): A special education (remedial)
program for students who require developmental or corrective instruction
and who are precluded from participation in the activities of the general
physical education program, modified general physical education program
or in a specially designed physical education program in a special class.
Assistive/Adaptive Technology (AT): any piece of hardware which
addresses the physical or cognitive needs of the user.
Assistive Technology Device (ATD) means any item, piece of equipment,
or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified,
or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional
capabilities of a child with a disability.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD): A biologically based mental disorder
that typically has the following characteristics: short attention span,
distractive behavior, difficulty following directions and staying on task,
and an inability to focus behavior. The disorder compromises many skills
needed for academic success.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A biologically
based mental disorder in which a person has inappropriate degrees of
inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity.
Autism (AU) is a complex developmental disability that typically appears
during the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder
that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated
behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997). Autism is four times
more prevalent in boys than girls and knows no racial, ethnic, or social
boundaries. Family income, lifestyle, and educational levels do not affect
the chance of autism's occurrence.
Autism impacts the normal development of the brain in the areas of social
interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism
typically have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social
interactions, and leisure or play activities. The disorder makes it hard for
them to communicate with others and relate to the outside world. In some
cases, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present. Persons
with autism may exhibit repeated body movements (hand flapping,
rocking), unusual responses to people or attachments to objects and
resistance to changes in routines. Individuals may also experience
sensitivities in the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste.
(ADA Allowances) - Average Daily Attendance per pupil accounting of
student attendance.
Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP): Implementation of procedures for the
elimination of maladaptive behaviors, which are significantly interfering
with the implementation of the student's IEP. A systematic
implementation of procedures, identified in the IEP, that result in lasting
positive changes in the individual's behavior.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a loss or deficiency of motor control with
involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth.
Chronological Age (CA) is the number of years a person has lived, used
especially in psychometrics as a standard against which certain variables,
such as behavior and intelligence, are measured.
Community-Based Instruction (CBI) means working together with
community businesses, to provide special needs students hands-on
opportunities to acquire knowledge, develop skills for real jobs and learn
appropriate social behaviors through interaction with co-workers that
occurs naturally in a work setting. The student is not paid nor does he/she
provide benefit or advantage to the employer. Students will earn high
school credits towards graduation.
Deaf - Blind (DB) means medically verified visual loss coupled with
medically verified hearing loss that, together, interfere with acquiring
information or interacting in the environment.
Emotional Disturbance (ED): Students who exhibit one or more
characteristics of a severe emotional disturbance as specified by law and
whose condition has existed for a long period of time and to a marked
degree. The condition must also adversely affect the student's educational
performance. A serious disturbance is to be distinguished from
antisocial/socially maladjusted behavior, which is not a special education
handicapping condition.
English as a Second Language (ESL): The term ESL is used frequently
in the USA. If you maintain an EFL/ESL distinction, then ESL refers to
English language learning in countries where English is the main and / or
official language, and the student's own native language (first language) is
not English. This term is problematic when we consider learners for whom
English is their third or fourth language.
Extended School Year (ESY): An individualized program, based on
those goals an objectives on the IEP of the year preceding ESY, offered to
special education students during all or part of the summer vacation
period. ESY extends instruction beyond the conventional number of
instructional days in the school year.
Free Appropriate Public Education(FAPE): The federal provision for
special education and related services for students at public expense; under
public supervision and direction; and without charge to a parent, student or
guardian.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): This federal
special education law, re-authorized in 1997, provides funding to states
and sets substantive and procedural requirements for educational agencies.
This law re-authorized and expanded discretionary programs, educational
benefit, mandated transition services and assistive technology services to
be included in the IEP and added autism and traumatic brain injury to the
list of eligibility categories, among other items. It was originally titled the
Education for All handicapped children Act and enacted as P.L. 94-142.
Individualized Education Program (IEP): A written plan prepared at an
IEP meeting that includes the student's present level of educational
performance, eligibility for special education, annual instructional goals
and objectives, services to be provided, needed transition services, type of
instructional setting, and provisions for integration /mainstreaming in
regular education programs.
Intelligence Quotiente (IQ): an intelligence test score that is obtained by
dividing mental age, which reflects the age-graded level of performance as
derived from population norms, by chronological age and multiplying by
100: a score of 100 thus indicates a performance at exactly the normal
level for that age group.
The Individual Transition Plan (ITP) is created in conjunction with
students who are 16 and above. This plan assists in the student’s transition
from school to adulthood.
Local Educational Agency (LEA) is
(a) a public board of education or other public authority legally constituted
within a State for either administrative control of or direction of, or to
perform service functions for, public elementary or secondary schools in:
(1) a city, county, township, school district, or other political subdivision
of a State; or (2) such combination of school districts or counties a State
recognizes as an administrative agency for its public elementary or
secondary schools; or
(b) any other public institution or agency that has administrative control
and direction of a public elementary or secondary school.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): A requirement in both state and
federal laws that to the maximum extent appropriate, a student with a
disability should be educated in classes with non-disabled peers. Separate
schooling and other removal from the regular environment should occur
only when the nature or severity of the disability prevents satisfactory
education in regular classes even with the use of supplementary aides and
services.
Learning Disabled (LD): pupils with specific learning disorders affecting
educational performance.
Mental Retardation (MR): Students with significantly below-average
general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in
adaptive behavior.
Other Health Impairments (OHI): Limited strength, vitality, or alertness
due to a chronic or acute health problem such as a heart condition,
tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia,
hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes.
Orientation and Mobility (O&M) is the educational process that
prepares an individual to travel safely and independently in his or her
surrounding environment. Orientation uses the remaining senses to
establish one's position and relationship to other significant objects in the
environment. Mobility is the ability to move from a present position to a
desired location or position in another part of the environment in a safe
and efficient manner.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a recurring pattern of negative,
hostile, disobedient, and defiant behavior in a child or adolescent, lasting
for at least six months without serious violation of the basic rights of
others.
Orthopedic Impairment (OI): An IDEA disability category that
includesphysical impairments that adversely affects a student's educational
performance and are caused by congenital anomaly (for example, clubfoot
or absence of an appendage); disease (for example, poliomyelitis, bone
tuberculosis, etc.); or from other causes (for example, cerebral palsy,
amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contracture).
Occupational Therapy (OT): A therapy or treatment provided by an
occupational therapist that helps individual developmental or physical
skills that will aid in daily living; it focuses on sensory integration, on
coordination of movement, and on fine motor and self-help skills, such as
dressing, eating with a fork and spoon, etc.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is a complex developmental
disorder that includes children with symptoms associated with poor to
severely impaired social skills, repetitive and often compulsive, ritualistic
behavior (stereotypies) and to varying degrees of severity, a
communication disorder. The hallmark disorder in this group is Autistic
Disorder. Other conditions included with Autistic Disorder are Asperger's
Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, not otherwise specified,
Rett's Syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.
Physical Therapy (PT): Services to individuals to prevent or minimize
disability, develop and improve sensory and motor function, control
postural eviations and establish and maintain maximum performance
within the individual's capabilities.
Speech Impairment (SI): A communication disorder such as stuttering
impaired articulation, a language and voice impairment.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal program that provides
money to low-income people who are aged, blind or disabled. You may be
able to get SSI even if you don’t qualify for Social Security disability or
retirement benefits.
The Preschool Program for Children with Disabilities (PPCD) is
designed to provide coordinated assistance, training and other services to
regional programs serving identified students with disabilities ages 3-5.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): An acquired injury to the brain caused
by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional
disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a
child's educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head
injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas such as; cognition,
language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgment,
problem-solving, sensory, perceptual and motor ability, psychosocial
behavior, physical functions, information processing, and speech. The
term does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or
brain injuries induced by birth trauma.
Visual Impairment (VI): A visual impairment, which, even with
correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance.