January 5, 2010
WTSC-RAN-2010-008
Handover
Minimum technical
requirements item
(4.2.4.3.x), units, and
Report ITU-R M.2134
section reference
4.2.4.3.9
Intra-frequency handover interruption time
(ms)
(4.7)
4.2.4.3.10
Inter-frequency
handover interruption
time within a spectrum
band (ms)
(4.7)
4.2.4.3.11
Inter-frequency
handover interruption
time between spectrum
bands (ms)
(4.7)
4.2.4.3.12
Inter-system handover
(4.7)
Category
Test
environment
Downlink or
uplink
Not applicable
Not applicable
Required
value
Value
27.5
10.5 ms
Require
ment met?
Comments
Yes
No
See Below
Yes
No
See Below
Yes
No
See Below
Yes
No
See Below
YES
Not applicable
Not applicable
40
10.5 ms
YES
Not applicable
Not applicable
60
10.5 ms
YES
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
YES
In IMT-ADV/8 the proponent claims that for both the FDD RIT
and the TDD RIT, the intra-frequency band HO, interfrequency HO within a spectrum band, and inter-frequency
handover between spectrum bands can be performed in less
than 10.5 ms, a figure that is significantly lower than the
corresponding IMT-Advanced requirements.
Proponent’s text in IMT-ADV/8:
The generic handover procedure of LTE-Advanced builds
upon the one developed for LTE and is shown in Figure 16.51 below:
January 5, 2010
WTSC-RAN-2010-008
UE
Source
Target
HO Preparation
HO Command
Data Forwarding
Processing
1. Radio Synch
2. RACH Waiting
3. Preamble
interruption
4. Processing
5. Grant
6. Processing
7. Data
Figure 16.5-1: U-Plane interruption in LTE-Advanced
Once the HO command has been processed by the UE, it
leaves the source cell and stops receiving data. This is the
point in time where data interruption starts. The first step after
that is the radio synchronisation, which consists of:
1)
Frequency synchronization: typically the time
taken for frequency synchronization depends on whether the
target cell is operating on the same carrier frequency as the
currently served frequency or not. But since the UE has
already identified and measured the target cell, this delay is
negligible
2)
DL synchronization: although baseband and RF
alignments always take some time, since the UE has already
acquired DL synchronization to the target cell in conjunction
with previous measurement and can relate the target cell DL
timing to the source cell DL timing with an offset, the
corresponding delay is less than 1 ms.
Because forwarding is initiated before the UE moves and
establishes connection to the target cell and because the
backhaul is faster than the radio interface, forwarded data is
already awaiting transmission in the target when the UE is
ready to receive. This component therefore does not affect the
overall delay.
January 5, 2010
WTSC-RAN-2010-008
In total, the interruption time is 10.5ms as summarized in
Table 16.5-1 below. Note that this delay does not depend on
the frequency of the target as long as the cell has already
been measured by the UE, which is a typical scenario.
Table 16.5-1: U-Plane interruption in LTE-Advanced
Component
1
Description
Radio Synchronisation to the target cell
Time [ms]
1
2
Average delay due to RACH scheduling period (1ms periodicity)
3
RACH Preamble
1
5
6
Preamble detection and transmission of RA response (Time between the end
RACH transmission and UE’s reception of scheduling grant and timing
adjustment)
Decoding of scheduling grant and timing alignment
7
Transmission of DL Data
4-5
0.5
1
Total delay
Evaluation results
The proponent argues that the UE already has measured the
cell and that therefore the frequency synchronization is
available at the time of HO.
This makes sense, since unless the UE had measured the
new cell, there cannot have been any decision to perform
handover. Hence it is reasonable that the frequency
synchronization should not count to the interruption time.
The component 2 needs some elaboration. For the FDD RIT,
it is straight forward since a RACH can be scheduled in the
uplink once every 1 ms in each of the 10 uplink
subframes/frame, thus creating a random latency with an
average of 0.5 ms with 1ms at worst.
For the TDD RIT, the situation depends on the chosen
uplink/downlink (UL/DL) configuration. The configuration with
the most uplink subframes allows 6 uplink subframes (plus 2
downlinks and 2 special subframes (SP) per 10ms according
to the link direction pattern:
DL, SP, UL, UL, UL, DL, SP, UL, UL, UL
2
10.5
January 5, 2010
WTSC-RAN-2010-008
The longest time the UE needs to wait for a uplink subframe to
perform a RACH is 3 ms and this happens if the UE initiates
the wait just after the last UL slot has started it’s transmission,
then the UE needs to wait for the duration of this UL slot and
the subsequent DL and SP subframes giving a total waiting
time of 3 ms. On the average in this case the waiting time is
1.5 ms, not 0.5 ms as is stated in the table. This would
increase the total delay to 11.5 ms in the TDD RIT case.
However, this result still leaves ample margin to the IMTAdvanced requirements and it is confirmed that both the FDD
RIT and TDD RIT fulfills the handover interruption time
requirements.
Question to 3GPP: We have calculated a slightly larger
latency value than the proponent in the TDD case
(although still within the ITU-R requirements by a large
margin). Please provide clarification of this point for the
TDD case.