Biology 105 – Human Biology
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Course Overview
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
Student ID#: 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Student Name: NOTTA PHASE
Team Name:
Lab Assignment #: 1
Date: 130125.1
Lab Title: Mitosis vs. Meiosis and Gametogenesis
Purpose / Objective(s):

To observe and identify the structures and processes of Mitosis, Meiosis and Gametogenesis in
various prepared MS slides of animal specimens.
Hypothesis:

NA
Materials / Subjects / Specimens:


Light microscope
Prepared slides featuring a cross-section of:
- White Fish Blastudisc Cells
- Sperm Smear Human
- Ovary Maturing, Follicle Section


See Table of Experiments
.
Methods / Tools / Instrumentation / Procedures:
Mitosis vs. Meiosis

MS Slides depicting various stages of Mitosis and Meiosis were observed using a Light Microscope at
various magnifications (400X and 600X).

Results were recorded as a visual and written description.

See Table of Experiments
Gametogenesis

MS Slides ………………
Results
All photographic and illustrative results are recorded in Tables…..
Cell and structure sizes were estimated using the FOV cell size calculator….Attachment X
See Table 1 and Graph 1
- comparison of cell sizes
- The largest cell was the human oocyte cell, and the smallest cell was the sperm.


Specimen
human oocyte
Size
(µm)
126
whitefish
Sperm (spermatozoon)
55
11
See Table 2
- Visual representation of stages of Mitosis in Whitefish and Onion Allium.
See Table 3, Drawing 3, 4, 5
Visual representation of stages of Meiosis in Lily Anther.
Page 1 of 7 533570651
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Course Overview

Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
See Drawings 1, 2
- Visual representation of human sperm and human oocyte.
- Sperm heads vary in shape and size. Sperm tails also vary in size.
Analysis / Discussion:



Cells are very small in size, for both plants and animals. A microscope is needed to view each type.
New cells are formed by the division of living cells, through the process of Mitosis or Meiosis.
Mitosis is consists of 5 main stages
-









Interphase: DNA is replicated
Prophase: DNA is condensed and packaged
Metaphase: when condensed chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
Anaphase: when one copy of each chromosome goes to each pole of the cell
Telophase: when new nuclear membranes are formed around the chromosomes and cytokinesis
occurs resulting in two daughter cells
Meiosis resembles mitosis, but results in daughter cells with half the genetic information of the mother
cell. This process occurs only in the gonads and is how the gametes, sperm and eggs, are made.
Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, meaning they have a defined nucleus. The nucleus Both
plant and animal cells have a cell membrane that surrounds the cell that allows for the cell to control
what and how much of a substance may enter or exit the cell.
Plant cells are quite consistent in shape and size, but animal cells vary greatly in shape and size.
Plant cells are usually larger than animal cells, because they store extra glucose as starch.
Animal cells have centomeres but plant cells do not.
Animal cytokinesis involves cells pinching off, but plant cells form a cell plate/wall.
One of the primary differences between animal and plant cells is that plant cells have a cell
membrane made up of cellulose. This helps the plant cell to accept large amounts of liquid through
osmosis, without being destroyed. An animal cell does not have this cell wall, too much fluid would
cause it the cell to pop.
Plant cells also are different from animal cells because they have chloroplasts that are used for
photosynthesis, which converts sunlight into needed food for the plant.
Plant cells have a large vacuole, which exists in the cell’s cytoplasm. It usually takes up most of the
room in the cell, and the membrane of the cell encircles it. It contains waste materials, water, and
nutrients that can be used or secreted as necessary. Animal cells have small vacuoles, but never
large single vacuole that takes up most of the space in plant cells.
Conclusions/Further Considerations:

Both plant and animal cells are very small. This high surface area to volume ratio helps keep the cell
very efficient at allowing necessary substances to enter and/or exit the cell.
Page 2 of 7 533570651
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Course Overview
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
ATTACHMENTS
Summary / Formal / Conclusive Results / Tables, Charts
1. Table of Experiments: Mitosis
Name of
Experiment
Materials
Method
Procedure 14.3
(Mitosis in Animal
Cells)
Light microscope,
Whitefish blastula
slide
Procedure 14.3
(Mitosis in Plant
Light microscope,
Cells)
Onion root tip slide
Table of Experiments: Meiosis
Light microscope,
Sperm Smear
Human slide, Ovary
Maturing Follicle
Procedure 15.1
Section slide,
(Stages and Events
Lily Anther Pollen
of Meiosis)
Tetrads slide
Microscopic
observation
Observation/Metric
Results
Microscopic
observation,
determining cell size
Table 1, 2
Graph 1
Photograph 1
Diagram 1
Microscopic
observation
Microscopic
observation,
determining cell size
Microscopic
observation
Microscopic
observation,
determining cell size
Table 1, 2
Graph 1
Photograph 1
Diagram 1
Table 1, 3
Graph 1
Photograph1
Diagram 1
Drawing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2. Table 1: Size of Each Specimen in Micrometers (µm)
Objective Power
Magnifiction Length (mm)
Specimen
40
400
0.44 human oocyte
40
400
0.44 tetrad (one fourth)
40
63
400
630
0.44 whitefish
0.28 sperm (spermatozoon)
Count Size (um)
3.5
20
8
25
Page 3 of 7 533570651
126
22
55
11
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Course Overview
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
3. Graph 1: Size per Specimen in Micrometers (µm)
Page 4 of 7 533570651
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Course Overview
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
4. Table 2: Key phases of Mitosis, the cell division process, for both animal and plant.
Page 5 of 7 533570651
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Course Overview
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
Drawings / Diagrams / Photographs:
1. Diagram 1: Diameter in Millimeters of Magnification Settings
50X
100X
Diameter at Magnification:
50X = 3.5mm
100X=1.75mm
400X=.44mm
630X=.28mm
400X
630X
2. Drawing 1: Sperm at 630X
3. Drawing 2: Human Oocyte at 400X
4. Drawing 3: Tetrad
5. Drawing 4: Lily Anther Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Page 6 of 7 533570651
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Course Overview
6. Drawing 5: Lily Anther Meiosis II
Telophase II
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Instructor:
Spring 2013
55244 / 61816 4 Units
UVC1, 3 and 7 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LEC
F 1:00 PM – 3:50 PM LAB 55244
M 9:00 AM – 11;50 AM LAB 61816
RIDDELL
Metaphase II
Notes:
1.
Light microscope used was broken, and therefore may have slightly distorted the results.
Page 7 of 7 533570651