Curriculum in Cultural Competency/Disparities: Relevant References
From the Emory and LSU New Orleans EM Residency Programs
Cardiac References:
Bell PD, Hudson S. Equity in the diagnosis of chest pain: race and gender.
Am J Health Behav. Jan-Feb 2001;25(1):60-71
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=11289730
Bertoni A, Goonan K, Bonds D, Whitt M, Goff Jr D, Brancati F. Racial and
ethnic disparities in cardiac catheterization for acute myocardial infarction in
the untied states, 1995-2001. Journal of the National Medical Association.
March 2005 ;97(3):317-323.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2568623&blobtype=
pdf
B Bibbins-Domingo K, Pletcher MJ, Lin F, et al. Racial Differences in Incident
Heart Failure among Young Adults. New England Journal of Medicine.
2009;360(12):1179-1190.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa0807265
Bradley E, Herrin J, Wang Y, et al. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Time to
Acute Reperfusion Therapy for Patients Hospitalized with Myocardial
Infarction. Journal of American Medical Association. October 6, 2004;
292(13):1563-1572.
http://jama.amaassn.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/292/13/1563
Chen J, Rathore SS, Radford MJ, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Racial differences in
the use of cardiac catheterization after acute myocardial infarction.[see
comment]. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344(19):1443-1449.
http://content.nejm.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/344/19/144
3
East M, Peterson E. Understanding racial differences in cardiovascular care
and outcomes: Issues for the new millennium. American Heart Journal.
2000;139(5).
Johnson P, Lee T, Cook E, Rouan G, Goldman L. Effect of Race on the
Presentation and Management of Patients With Acute Chest Pain. Ann Intern
Med. April 15, 1993;118(8):593-601.
http://www.annals.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/118/8/593
Maynard C, Fisher L, Passamani E, Pullum T. Blacks in the coronary artery
surgery study (CASS): Race and clinical decision making. American Journal of
Public Health. December 1986 1986;76(12):1446-1448.
http://www.ajph.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/reprint/76/12/1446
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 1
Schulman K, Berlin J, Harless W, et al. The effect of race and sex on
physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization.[see
comment][erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1999 Apr 8;340(14):1130]. New
England Journal of Medicine.1999;340(8):618-626.
http://content.nejm.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/340/8/618
Syed M, Khaja F, Rybicki B, et al. Effect of delay on racial differences in
thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal.
October 2000 ;140(4):643-650.
http://jama.amaassn.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/292/13/1563
Takakuwa, Kevin M, Frances SShofer, and Judd EHollander. "The influence of
race and gender on time to initial electrocardiogram for patients with chest
pain." Academic emergency medicine 13.8 (2006):867-72.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/119820646/PDFSTART
Taylor A, Meyer G, Morse R, Pearson C. Can characteristics of a health care
system mitigate ethnic bias in access to cardiovascular procedures?
Experience from the Military Health Services System. Journal of the American
College of CardiologyOctober 1997;30(4):901-907.
http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/science?_ob=ArticleU
RL&_udi=B6T18-3W4GRY29&_user=655046&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C
000034138&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=655046&md5=7e91235057
b3e056d8269b80f57815ab
Venkat A, Hoekstra J, Lindsell C, et al. The Impact of Race on the Acute
Management of Chest Pain. Academic Emergency Medicine. November 2003
2003;10(11):1199-1208.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/119823541/PDFSTART
Cultural Competency References:
Racial and Ethnic Considerations in Cultural Competency:
J Prof Nurs. 2008 May-Jun;24(3):172-8.
Cultural competence in the era of evidence-based practice.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504032>.
Bentacourt J, Green A, Carrillo J, Snaneh-Firempong O. Defining cultural
competence: A Pracitical framework for addresing racial/ethnic disparities in
Health and Health Care. Public Health Reports 2003;118:293-302.
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 2
Berlin, E. A Teaching Framework for Cross-cultural Health Care—Application
in Family Practice. Consult Pharm. 2006 Dec; 21(12):988-95.
Cohen, JJ. The Case for Diversity In The Health Care Workforce. Health Aff;
September 2002 vol. 21 no. 5 90-102
Heron SL, Kazzi, A, Martin M – Eds. - Monograph on Cultural Competency The Cultural Competency Curriculum Task Force (CCCTF) was organized by
the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors and the Society for
Academic Emergency Medicine. The Task Force's primary objective was to
develop a curriculum to incorporate diversity awareness, cultural competency
knowledge and skills for residency training programs.
http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/culture
Hobgood C. Teaching culturally appropriate care: a review of educational
models and methods. Acad Emerg Med. 2006 Dec;13(12):1288-95
Thomas S, Fine M, Ibrahim S. Health Disparities: The Importance of Culture
and Health Communication. Am J Publ Health. December 1, 2004
2004;94(12):2050-.
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/full/94/12/2050?maxtoshow=&
hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=Thomas%2C+SB&andorexacttitle=and
&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX
=0&sortspec=relevance&volume=94&resourcetype=HWCIT
Diversity in the Work Force References:
Sheridan, I. Treating the world without leaving your ED: opportunities
to deliver culturally competent care. Acad Emerg Med. 2006
Aug;13(8):896-903. Epub 2006 Jul 6.
Thomas S, Fine M, Ibrahim S. Health Disparities: The Importance of
Culture and Health Communication. Am J Publ Health. December 1,
2004 2004;94(12):2050-.
EM Organizational Policy Statements:
ACEP policy statement http://www.acep.org/content.aspx?id=29158
SAEM policy statement
http://www.saem.org/saemdnn/AboutSAEM/Governance/PositionStatements/
DiversityPositionStatement/tabid/174/
Default.aspx
Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Sep;7(9):1055.
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 3
SAEM diversity position statement. The SAEM Diversity Interest Group.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11044003>
Promoting diversity in emergency medicine: summary recommendations
from the 2008 Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD)
Academic Assembly Diversity Workgroup. Acad Emerg Med. 2009
May;16(5):450-3. Epub 2009 Mar 26.
Endocrine
Bonds D, Zaccaro D, Karter A, Selby J, Saad M, Goff D. Ethnic and
Racial Differences in Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. April
2003;26(4):1040-1046.
Group TCM-CTDS. Closing the Gap: Effect of Diabetes Case
Management on Glycemic Control Among Low-Income Ethnic Minority
Populations January 2004.
Heisler M, Smith D, Hayward R, Krein S, Kerr E. Racial Disparities in
Diabetes Care Processes, Outcomes, and Treatment Intensity. Medical
Care. 2003;41(11):1221-1232.
McWilliams JM, Meara E, Zaslavsky AM, Ayanian JZ. Differences in
control of cardiovascular disease and diabetes by race, ethnicity, and
education: U.S. trends from 1999 to 2006 and effects of medicare
coverage. Ann Intern Med. Apr 21 2009;150(8):505-515.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=19380852
General References/Communication:
Eliminating Health Disparities. November 2005. Strengthening Data on
Race, Ethnicity, and Primary Language in the United States. U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Bernstein J, Bernstein E, Dave A, et al. Does the Use of Trained
Medical
Interpreters Affect ED Services, Reduce Subsequent Charges, and
Improve Follow-up? Acad Emerg Med. May 1, 2000 2000;7(5):523-a-.
http://www.aemj.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/5/523-a
IOM Report - Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic
Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine,
2002.
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 4
Beach MC. Improving health care quality for racial/ethnic minorities: a
systematic review of the best evidence regarding provider and
organization interventions. BMC Public Health. 2006 Apr 24;6:104.
Bernstein J, Bernstein E, Dave A, et al. Does the Use of Trained Medical
Interpreters Affect ED Services, Reduce Subsequent Charges, and Improve
Follow-up? Acad Emerg Med. May 1, 2000 2000;7(5):523-a-.
Blanchard J, Haywood Y, Scott C. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health: An
Emergency Medicine Perspective. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 November 1,
2003;10(11):1289-93.
Blendon RJ. Access to Medical Care for Black and White Americans A Matter
of Continuing Concern. JAMA 1989;261:278-281)
Burgess D, Fu S, van Ryn M. Why Do Providers Contribute to Disparities and
What Can Be Done About It? Journal of General Internal Medicine.
2004;19(1):1154-1169.
Chin MH. Interventions to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health
Care. Med Care Res Rev 2007 64: 7S
Cone D, Richardson L, Todd K, Bentacourt J, Lowe R. Health Care Disparities
in Emergency Medicine. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(11):1176-83.
Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, Clancy C. Inequality in quality: addressing
socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care.[see comment].
JAMA. 2000;283(19):2579-2584.
Graff L. Measuring and Improving Quality in Emergency Medicine. ACAD
EMERG MED • November 2002, Vol. 9, No. 11
Johnson R, Roter D, Powe N, Cooper L. Patient Race/Ethnicity and Quality of
Patient-Physician Communication During Medical Visits. Am J Public Health.
December 1, 2004 2004;94(12):2084-2090.
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/94/12/2084
Kawachi, I. Health Disparities by Race and Class: Why Both Matter.
HealthAffairs, 24, no. 2 (2005): 343-352 doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.24.2.343
http://mcr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/57/suppl_1/218
Lillie-Blanton M, Brodie M, Rowland D, Altman D, McIntosh M. Race,
Ethnicity, and the Health Care System: Public Perceptions and Experiences.
Med Care Res Rev. November 1, 2000 2000;57(suppl_1):218-235.
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 5
Report on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. AMA report on racial
ethnic health care disparities. B of T Report 50-I-95
Health Disparities Experienced by black or African Americans --United States
MMWR - 2005
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5401a1.htm
Saha S, Arbelaez J, Cooper L. Paitent-Physician Relationships and Racial
Disparities in the Quality of Health Care. American Journal of Public Health.
2003;93:1713-1719.
Scott C, Martin M, Hamilton G. Training of Medical Professionals and the
Delivery of Health Care as Related to Cultural Identity Groups. Acad Emerg
Med. November 1, 2003 2003;10(11):1149-1152.
Truman et al. Rationale for Regular Reporting on Health Disparities and
Inequalities - United States – MMWR 2011
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6001a2.htm?s_cid=su600
1a2_w
Weinick R. Researching Disparities: Strategies for Primary Data Collection.
Acad Emerg Med. November 1, 2003 2003;10(11):1161-1168.
http://www.aemj.org/cgi/content/abstract/10/11/1161
Wilson E, Grumbach K, Huebner J, Agrawi J, Bindman A. Medical Student,
Physician, and Public Perceptions of Health Care Disparities. Family Medicine.
2004;36(10):715-721.
HIV References:
Trubo R. CDC Initiative Targets HIV Research Gaps in Black and Hispanic
Communities. JAMA 292(21):2563-2564
Immigrant Health References:
Casey MM. Providing Health Care to Latino Immigrants: Community-Based
Efforts in the Rural Midwest. Am J Public Health. 2004 October; 94(10):
1709–1711.
Ku L. Left Out: Immigrants’ Access to Health Care And Insurance. Health Aff
January 2001 vol. 20 no. 1 247-256
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 6
Medical Education References:
Nora LM. Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in Medical
Education: Perspectives Gained by a 14-school Study. Academic Medicine:
December 2002 - Volume 77 - Issue 12, Part 1 - p 1226-1234
Bright CM. Perceived barriers and biases in the medical education experience
by gender and race. J Natl Med Assoc. 1998 November; 90(11): 681–688.
Martin ML. Applicant Pool for Emergency Medicine Residency Programs:
Information on Minority and Female Applicants. Annals of Emergency
Medicine Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1996, Pages 331-338
Emergency medicine education and health care disparities. Acad Emerg Med.
2003 Nov;10(11):1189-92.
Neurology References:
Mark J. Pletcher; Stefan G. Kertesz; Michael A. Kohn; Ralph Gonzales
Trends in Opioid Prescribing by Race/Ethnicity for Patients Seeking Care in
US Emergency Departments. JAMA 2008;299(1):70-78.
http://jama.ama-assn.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/299/1/70
Bazarian, Jeffrey J, et al. Ethnic and racial disparities in emergency
department care for mild traumatic brain injury. Academic emergency
medicine 10.11 (2003):1209-17.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/119823542/PDFSTART
Sacco RL. Preventing stroke among blacks: The challenges continue. Journal
of the American Medical Association. June 11, 2003 2003;289(22):30053007.
http://jama.amaassn.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/289/22/3005
Sacco RL, Boden-Albala B, Abel G, et al. Race-ethnic disparities in the impact
of stroke risk factors: The Northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke. August
2001;32(8):1725-1731.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/32/8/
1725
Schwamm LH, Reeves MJ, Pan W, et al. Race/Ethnicity, Quality of Care, and
Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke. Circulation. April 6, 2010;121(13):1492-1501
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/121/13/1492
Stansbury, James P, et al. "Ethnic disparities in stroke: epidemiology, acute
care, and postacute outcomes." Stroke 36.2 (2005):374-86.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/36/2/
374
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 7
Johnston SC, Fung LH, Gillum LA, et al. Utilization of intravenous tissue-type
plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke at academic medical centers: The
influence of ethnicity. Stroke. May 2001 2001;32(5):1061-1068.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/32/5/
1061
Harris, Ben, et al. "Disparities in use of computed tomography for patients
presenting with headache." American journal of emergency medicine 27.3
(2009):333-6.
Pain Management References:
Tamayo-Sarver JH, Dawson NV, Hinze SW, et al. The effect of race/ethnicity
and desirable social characteristics on physicians' decisions to prescribe
opioid analgesics. Academic Emergency Medicine. November 2003
2003;10(11).
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/119823545/PDFSTART
Tamayo-Sarver J, Hinze S, Cydulka R, Baker D. Racial and ethnic disparities
in emergency department analgesic prescription. Am J Public Health.
2003;93(12):2067-2073.
http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=3&hid=12
0&sid=543bbd44-ea89-426a-93ef-3a25ec046568%40sessionmgr103
Todd K, Deaton C, D'Adamo A, Goe L. Ethnicity and analgesic practice. Ann
Emerg Med. 2000;35(1):11.
Todd K, Samaroo N, Hoffman J. Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate
emergency department analgesia. JAMA. 1993;269(12):1537-1539
Green CR. The Unequal Burden of Pain: Confronting Racial and Ethnic
Disparities in Pain. PAIN MEDICINE Volume 4 • Number 3 • 2003
Todd, K H. "Influence of ethnicity on emergency department pain
management." Emergency Medicine Australasia 13.3 (2001):274-8.
Rupp, Timothy, and Kathleen ADelaney. Inadequate analgesia in emergency
medicine. Annals of emergency medicine 43.4 (2004):494-503.
Public Health References:
Bhopal R. Medicine and public health in a multiethnic world. J Public Health
(Oxf).2009 Sep;31(3):315-21. Epub 2009 Jul 7.
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 8
Heron SL, Stettner E, Haley, L – Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the
Emergency Department: A Public Health Perspective – Emergency Medicine
Clinics of North America 2006 Nov;24(4): 905-923
Braveman PA. Socioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States:
What the Patterns Tell Us. American Journal of Public Health. April 2010, Vol
100, No. S1
Renal/Hypertension:
Bosworth HB, Powers B, Grubber JM, et al. Racial differences in blood
pressure control: potential explanatory factors. J Gen Intern Med. May
2008;23(5):692-698.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=18288540
de Gaudemaris R, Lang T, Chatellier G, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in
hypertension prevalence and care: the IHPAF Study. Hypertension. Jun
2002;39(6):1119-1125.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=12052852
Choi AI, Rodriguez RA, Bacchetti P, Bertenthal D, Hernandez GT, O'Hare AM.
White/black racial differences in risk of end-stage renal disease and death.
Am J Med. Jul 2009;122(7):672-678.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=19559170
Churak JM. Racial and ethnic disparities in renal transplantation. J Natl Med
Assoc. Feb 2005;97(2):153-160.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=15712778
Fiscella K, Holt K. Racial disparity in hypertension control: tallying the death
toll. Ann Fam Med. Nov-Dec 2008;6(6):497-502.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=19001301
Hertz RP, Unger AN, Cornell JA, Saunders E. Racial disparities in
hypertension prevalence, awareness, and management. Arch Intern Med. Oct
10 2005;165(18):2098-2104.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
doptCitation&list_uids=16216999
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 9
Howard G, Prineas R, Moy C, et al. Racial and geographic differences in
awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: the Reasons for
Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study. Stroke. May
2006;37(5):1171-1178.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=16556884
Kramer H, Han C, Post W, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in
hypertension andhypertension treatment and control in the multi-ethnic
study of atherosclerosis
(MESA). Am J Hypertens. Oct 2004;17(10):963-970.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=15485761
Nzerue CM, Demissochew H, Tucker JK. Race and kidney disease: role of
social and environmental factors. J Natl Med Assoc. Aug 2002;94(8
Suppl):28S-38S.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=12152910
Satcher D. Examining racial and ethnic disparities in health and hypertension
control. Ann Fam Med. Nov-Dec 2008;6(6):483-485.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=19001298
Sehgal AR. Impact of quality improvement efforts on race and sex disparities
in hemodialysis. JAMA. Feb 26 2003;289(8):996-1000.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&
dopt=Citation&list_uids=12597751
Research References:
The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of
Human Subjects of Research. The National Commission for the Protection of
Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. April 18, 1979.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE.
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/briefing/20054178b_09_02_Belmont%20Report.pdf
Vidaver RM. Women subjects in NIH-funded clinical research literature: lack
of progress in both representation and analysis by sex. J Womens Health
Gend Based Med. 2000 Jun;9(5):495-504.
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 10
Respiratory References
Bach PB, Cramer LD, Warren JL, Begg CB. Racial Differences in the
Treatment of Early-Stage Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. October 14,
1999;341(16):1198-1205.
http://content.nejm.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/341/16/119
8
Boudreaux ED, Emond SD, Clark S, Camargo CA, Jr. Acute asthma among
adults presenting to the emergency department: the role of race/ethnicity
and socioeconomic status. Chest. 2003;124(3):803-812.
http://www.chestjournal.org/content/124/3/803.full
Boudreaux ED, Emond SD, Clark S, Camargo Jr CA. Race/ethnicity and
asthma among children presenting to the emergency department: Difference
in disease severity and management. Pediatrics. May 2003;111(5).
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/111/5/e615
Simon PA, Zeng Z, Wold CM, Haddock W, Fielding JE. Prevalence of childhood
asthma and associated morbidity in Los Angeles county: Impacts of
race/ethnicity and income. Journal of Asthma. 2003;40(5):535-543.
http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=10
4&sid=ab9f1591-7a77-4d39-bbdc-b2c387f79962%40sessionmgr103
Johnson P, Lee T, Cook E, Rouan G, Goldman L. Effect of Race on the
Presentation and Management of Patients With Acute Chest Pain. Ann Intern
Med. April 15, 1993;118(8):593-601.
http://www.annals.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/118/8/593
Krishnan JA, Diette GB, Skinner EA, Clark BD, Steinwachs D, Wu AW. Race
and sex differences in consistency of care with national asthma guidelines in
managed care organizations. Archives of Internal Medicine. July 9,
2001;161(13):1660- 1668.
http://archinte.amaassn.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/161/13/1660
Simon PA, Zeng Z, Wold CM, Haddock W, Fielding JE. Prevalence of childhood
asthma and associated morbidity in Los Angeles county: Impacts of
race/ethnicity and income. Journal of Asthma. 2003;40(5):535-543.
http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=11
7&sid=b9297b07-11e0-426e-bea0-dab3a0f7db4a%40sessionmgr107
Tsai, Chu-Lin, and Carlos ACamargo. Racial and ethnic differences in
emergency care for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. Academic emergency medicine 16.2 (2009):108-15.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/121554199/PDFSTART
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 11
Screening References:
Jazieh AR, Buncher C. Racial and age-related disparities in obtaining
screening mammography: results of a statewide database. Southern Medical
Journal. 2002;95(10):1145-1148.
http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=10
6&sid=8f537f33-b73b-42de-84ab-e3b1298b3942%40sessionmgr107
Surgery References:
Guagliardo MF, Teach SJ, Huang ZJ, Chamberlain JM, Joseph JG. Racial and
Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Appendicitis Rupture Rate. Acad Emerg Med.
November 1, 2003 2003;10(11):1218-1227.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/119823543/PDFSTART
Trauma References:
Bazarian JJ, Pope C, McClung J, Cheng Y, Flesher W. Ethnic and Racial
Disparities in Emergency Department Care for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Acad Emerg Med. November 1, 2003 2003;10(11):1209-1217.Brown R.
Racial disparities in health care—emergency department management of
minor head injury. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Nov;10(11):1184-8.
Braver ER. Race, Hispanic origin, and socioeconomic status in relation to
motor vehicle occupant death rates and risk factors among adults. Accident
Analysis andPrevention. 2003 2003;35:295-309.
Marcin J, Pretzlaff R, Whittaker H, Kon A. Evaluation of race and ethnicity on
alcohol and drug testing of adolescents admitted with trauma. Academic
Emergency Medicine. November 2003;10(11):1253-1259.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgibin/fulltext/119823547/PDFSTART
Shafi, Shahid, and Larry M Gentilello. "Ethnic disparities in initial
management of trauma patients in a nationwide sample of emergency
department visits." Archives of surgery 143.11 (2008):1057-61.
http://archsurg.amaassn.org.proxy.library.emory.edu/cgi/content/full/143/11/1057
3/3/11 – CORD: Diversity in EM – Disparities Literature
Page 12