Johne’s Disease Calf Accreditation
Program (JDCAP)
JDCAP Manual
An accreditation program for
minimising the risk of
Johne’s disease infection in calves
Complying with this program does not guarantee Johne’s
disease-free calves. When implemented the program will provide
calves of much lower Johne’s disease risk than calves from nonparticipating herds.
JOHNE’S DISEASE CALF ACCREDITATION PROGRAM
Objective:
This calf-rearing program is designed to minimise the risk of spreading Johne’s disease,
should it be present, from adult cattle to the replacement calves reared within your herd.
Calves produced under an accredited rearing system have a significantly lower risk of infection
than calves from other herds, particularly in areas where the disease is prevalent.
 This program will benefit you if you wish to sell cattle and provide purchasers with some
assurance about the Johne’s disease status and rearing of the cattle.
 It will benefit buyers who can seek JDCAP calves by preference.
 This program will benefit your herd if infection is present but has not yet been detected,
because it will reduce the risk of your replacement calves becoming infected.
 The program will also benefit your herd if it is not currently infected because it will protect
your calves should an infected animal be inadvertently introduced in the future.
 Herds that are known to be have Johne’s disease can also benefit from implementing this
program because it will minimise the risk of spread of the disease to replacements, and allow
enhanced trading options.
Background:
Infected cattle can pass large numbers of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the bacterium that
causes Johne’s disease, in their faeces. The bacterium can survive for up to 12 months in the
paddock environment.
Young calves from birth to 12 months of age are most susceptible to Johne’s disease infection.
The Johne’s disease bacterium is spread from infected cattle to young calves by:
 Being swallowed – When calves suckle on a cow’s manure-covered teats, or consume
pasture, water, supplements or hay contaminated with faecal material from an infected adult
animal, the Johne’s disease bacterium is swallowed.
 Drinking contaminated colostrum/milk - the bacterium may be present in the colostrum/milk
produced by an infected cow.
 Across the placenta – infection may pass to the calf of an infected cow before the calf is
born.
In later life, Johne’s disease is spread to older calves by the ingestion of feed, pasture or water
contaminated with the manure of infected adult cattle.
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This accreditation program does not guarantee the production of Johne’s disease free
calves. When implemented, the program will provide calves of much lower Johne’s disease
risk than calves from non-participating herds of equivalent Johne’s disease status.
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Principles of the program:
The key principles of the accreditation program are to reduce the risk of calves being
infected with Johne’s disease by:
 Preventing calves from coming into contact with manure and dairy effluent from adult cattle.
 Reducing exposure to potentially contaminated milk/colostrum by limiting the contact
between the dam and its calf to the minimum required to ensure transfer of colostral
immunity to the calf. This immunity is essential for the calf’s survival in the presence of
viral and bacterial pathogens, which cause diarrhoea and pneumonia in the young calf.
 Raising awareness amongst cattle breeders that calves can contract infection while in their
mother’s womb.
All herds are eligible to join the accreditation program, regardless of their Johne’s disease status.
The herd status will not change just because participating herds are in the Johne’s disease calf
accreditation program (JDCAP). However calves produced under the JDCAP will have a lower
risk of having Johne’s disease than calves from non-participating herds of equivalent Johne’s
disease status.
Introduction:
The JDCAP is a long-term program requiring commitment from everyone on the farm involved
with calf and heifer rearing.
The program requires the herd owner/manager to establish a set of procedures for the rearing of
replacement calves, document the steps to be taken, and monitor the program on an on-going
basis. Internal monitoring must identify when “short-cuts” or omissions occur which jeopardise
the integrity of the program and farmers must document the steps taken to overcome nonconforming practices.
External auditing of the program is conducted to provide confidence in the program for potential
purchasers of cattle and to ensure the maintenance of program standards.
Spread of Johne’s disease infection to calves can be prevented
by:
1. Management to prevent exposure to manure.
Cattle infected with Johne’s disease excrete Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacteria in large
numbers in their manure.
Young calves from birth to 12 months of age are most susceptible to Johne’s disease infection.
The first six months of life are the “window” of maximum susceptibility but the minimum
recommended time for complete separation of young stock from adults is the first 12 months of
life.
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Calves should be born in a clean, dry environment that has minimal adult manure. Prompt
removal of the newborn calf from its mother (within 12 hours of birth) is essential for effective
control of Johne’s disease.
The longer the complete separation of young stock and adults can be maintained,
the lower the risk of spreading infection to the herd replacements.
On-farm hygiene and control of the effluent from the dairy shed and yards are major factors in
preventing the transmission of Johne’s disease to the next generation of replacement stock.
Manure contamination of the calf rearing area by adult cattle should be avoided. It is important
to apply the following guidelines.
 The calf rearing facilities for replacement stock should be physically separated from the rest
of the farm.
 The water, milk and feed for the calves must not be contaminated by manure from adult
cattle.
 Separating calves from their mothers at the dairy yards should not be practiced as this may
expose the calves to very significant numbers of bacteria in the laneways and yards. Calves
should be removed from their mothers in the calving paddock, and conveyed to the rearing
shed in a clean trailer.
 On irrigation properties, drinking water for calves, including water for mixing with calf milk
replacer, is best obtained from a rainwater tank or bore rather than from a channel due to the
possibility of the channel water being contaminated with manure.
 Overalls and rubber boots worn in the calf shed should be kept for that purpose alone, and
changed every time a person enters or leaves the facility. Otherwise, it is essential that
rubber boots be cleaned/ disinfected when entering the facility. These simple hygiene
procedures must also apply to all visitors to the calf shed, including ‘farm-walk’ participants
and veterinarians.
 Farm vehicles, especially tractors and motor bikes, can transfer manure into calf rearing
paddocks. Their entry should not be permitted unless the vehicles have no contact with land
contaminated by adult cattle manure, or they are cleaned (especially the tyres) before entry.
 Adult cattle must never be allowed to graze calf paddocks.
 As goats, deer, alpaca and llamas can also carry the bovine type of Johne’s disease these
animals should also be kept away from calf rearing areas.
Post weaning:
 Adult cattle must never be allowed to graze calf paddocks. Post-weaning grazing of
replacement stock on pastures only used for that purpose (perhaps on an agistment or run-off
block) provides the lowest possible risk of exposing the calves to contaminated pasture.
Where adult cattle have been grazed on pastures intended for subsequent grazing
calves/heifers, a period of 12 months must elapse between the presence of adult cattle
and grazing by calves.
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 As goats, deer, alpaca and llamas can also carry the bovine type of Johne’s disease these
animals should also be kept away from calf rearing areas
 Calves need a water supply free of contamination with manure from adult cattle.
Contamination of the water supplies can occur when water troughs are used in common with
adult cattle, or dams, ponds or creeks taking water run-off from paddocks on which adult
cattle are grazed, are located in calf rearing areas.
 Particular attention needs to be paid in irrigation areas to prevent irrigation overflow from
cow paddocks running into calf paddocks, and to prevent irrigation water to calf paddocks
becoming contaminated by the manure of adult cattle. This may require fencing to prevent
cows defaecating in farm channels supplying irrigation water to calf paddocks.
2. Management of milk/colostrum intended for calf consumption.
Johne’s disease infected cattle may excrete the bacterium in their colostrum and milk. Excretion
of the organism in milk happens most often in cows with clinical signs of Johne’s disease, but
may also occur when infected cows show no obvious clinical sign of the disease. As a
consequence, to reduce the risks of infection as much as possible, the feeding of raw milk and
natural suckling of calves should be avoided. Artificial milk replacers are free of Johne’s
disease bacteria provided they are re-constituted with water from an uncontaminated source.
Where feeding calf milk replacers is not practiced, only milk/colostrum from cows that are not
considered to be high risk should be used. (High risk cattle are cattle in Infected (IN), Restricted
(RD) and Tested Low Prevalence (TLP) herds which have been so designated in accordance with
the national rules for bovine Johne’s disease on the basis of history of past infection in the herd.
District animal health staff of the Department of Primary Industries (DPI) will provide a list of
cattle designated as high risk to the herd owner in these cases).
Colostrum, the antibody rich milk produced by cows for the first few days after giving birth, can
contain Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. As colostrum is critical to the health and survival of
all newborn calves, it is essential that all calves receive an adequate amount of colostrum in the
first 12 hours following birth.
The risk of Johne’s disease infection can be minimised by:
 only using the colostrum or milk from cows that are not high risk;
 thoroughly cleaning the udder and teats of the cow before collection of colostrum and
preventing contamination of the colostrum with manure during the milking process;
 allowing the calf to naturally suckle the dam for a maximum of 12 hours prior to removing
the calf to the rearing area.
Documentation of calf rearing system – isolation, housing,
feeding.
The calf-rearing system intended for use with replacement dairy stock should be documented
under the following headings –
1. Monitoring of calving paddock
The calving paddock should be inspected at least once every 8 to 12 hours during the calving
season to identify calves born during the previous 8 to 12 hour period. This will allow the farm
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owner/manager to also estimate time of birth of the calves, assess amount of colostrum ingested,
and determine the time for calf to be removed to the calf rearing unit. The inspection routine for
the calving area should be documented, as should the routine calf management procedures
(removal from the cow, transportation to the calf shed).
2. Colostrum and milk feeding
Feeding practices on the farm should be recorded. Only feed milk/colostrum from cattle that are
not designated as high risk, or feed calf milk replacer mixed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions with tank or other uncontaminated water.
3. Roughage, calf pellets, and fresh water
The feeding regime for calves should be recorded. Care must be taken to prevent hay, or other
straw roughage, or calf pellets etc, becoming contaminated with manure prior to being made
available to the calves.
4. Housing
The arrangements for housing calves should be documented. Calf paddocks need to be isolated
from laneways and cow paddocks by double fencing or other suitable barrier. All visitors to the
calf shed or paddock, including the persons caring for the calves, need to ensure no adult manure
enters the area. Best practice is changing into fresh overalls and rubber boots only used in the
calf shed. As a minimum, it is essential that rubber boots be cleaned and disinfected before
entering the calf shed and clothing should be clean.
5. Weaning
The arrangements for rearing weaned calves should be documented. Grazing areas for weaned
calves must be kept free of any drainage, effluent, or sprayed recycled effluent/water. If calves
are trucked to a run-off block, the trucks should be disinfected/ washed and be free of adult
manure before use. No adult cattle must be pastured on the heifer-rearing area with the
exception of bulls introduced at joining.
Records required.
1. Birth and pre-weaning records
The essential records that must be kept are
 Calf to dam identification ie ear tag numbers, photographs
 Date of birth
 Calf rearing group
 Date of weaning
These records need to be kept either in a book, shed sheet or on a computer.
2. Post-weaning, paddock rearing and mating record
Records should be kept of routine herd health procedures such as vaccinations and drenching, as
well as reproductive events such as synchronisation or joining. In addition, the dates when calves
are moved between paddocks or out blocks should be recorded.
3. Monitoring
The person in charge of calf rearing needs to regularly monitor compliance with the program and
take corrective action if required. Any issues should be recorded and the steps taken to correct
problems noted.
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4. Independent on-farm audit of calf-rearing system and records
The calf rearing system and records may be audited
 during the pre-weaning stage of calf rearing by an independent auditor, and
 at any other time nominated by the Chief Veterinary Officer (or a representative of the Chief
Veterinary Officer.)
Minor non-compliance with the program will require corrective actions to be taken or else the
accredited status will be suspended. Major non-compliance will result in loss of accreditation.
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ACCREDITATION REQUIREMENTS
Participating owners must agree to observe the following conditions:
1. The property will be subject to inspections and approval by an Approved Veterinarian or
other CVO authorised person, prior to the commencement of accreditation. This will
include an inspection of the calving facilities and water supply for calves. An agreed calf
rearing management plan which takes in the particular circumstances of the farm will be
drawn up by the Approved Veterinarian.
 calving facilities need to take account of the need to minimise exposure of the calf to the
manure of adult cattle;
 the water supply for the calves needs to be free of faecal contamination from adult
cattle.
2. All replacement calves will be separated from their mother within 12 hours of birth.
 minimising the contact between calf and mother reduces the opportunity for spreading
Johne’s disease to calves;
 12 hours allows for colostrum transfer to the calf;
 calves need additional colostrum if given less than 12 hours suckling.
3. Cows will calve down only in a clean area that is free of dairy effluent or large amounts of
manure.
 minimising exposure in the calving area minimises exposure to adult manure.
4. The calf rearing area will be free of any dairy effluent or cow manure.
 the calf rearing area must not have had adult cattle in it for at least 12 months;
 the calf rearing area must not have adult manure or dairy effluent draining or sprayed
onto it.
5. Only clean water, preferably tank, town or bore water, will be supplied for calves for
drinking and for use with calf milk replacers.
 a clean water supply free of adult manure contamination is essential to break the cycle
of transmission;
 tank, town supply or bore water are the safest for calves.
6. Only milk or colostrum from cattle not designated to be high risk or calf milk replacer will
be fed to calves.
 cows of higher risk of being infected with Johne’s disease are known in IN, TLP and RD
herds; do not feed milk or colostrum from such cows to calves.
 calf milk replacer represents a sure way of breaking the spread of Johne’s disease to
calves through milk.
7. No adult animals of susceptible species (cows, bulls, goats, alpacas, llamas, deer) are
permitted in the calf rearing area including pens and paddocks.
 goats, llamas alpacas and deer can also be infected with bovine Johne’s disease;
 these animals as well as adult cattle must not graze the calf paddock.
8. The calf rearing area (ie areas where calves are raised until weaned) should be doubled
fenced (or have other suitable barrier from manure/effluent spillage) from cattle laneways
including those used by tankers and farm vehicles.
 calf paddocks bordering laneways and roadways need to have barriers that prevent
splashing of faecal material:
 double fencing and plantation or galvanised iron provide suitable barriers.
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9. Once calves are weaned, they must graze only on paddocks that have not contained adult
cattle, or calves from herds not in JDCAP or CattleMAP, or goats, alpaca, llama and deer,
for at least 12 months.
 it is important that weaned calves do not graze paddocks used by susceptible species
until at least 12 and preferably 18 months of age.
10. The grazing area for weaned calves must be free of any drainage, effluent, or sprayed
recycled effluent.
 the grazing area for weaned calves must not have drainage contaminated with adult
effluent or be sprayed with recycled effluent.
11. If agistment is used, calves should only be agisted with other JDCAP-raised calves from
either herds of the same or higher status.
 you can protect your calves by not grazing land occupied by or agisted with calves of
lower status for Johne’s disease.
12. The introduction of calves into a JDCAP accredited herd is only permitted if the calves were
from CattleMAP herds or were born and reared in JDCAP in either a herd of the same or
higher status for Johne’s disease.
 protecting your herd status for Johne’s disease depends on buying replacement stock
(calves or adults) from herds of a similar or higher status or from TLP or RD herds.
13. The District Veterinary Officer, Animal Health Officer or private veterinarian must be
notified of any adult cattle showing signs suspicious of Johne’s disease. Accreditation may
be withheld or suspended until investigations are completed.
 the early signs of Johne’s disease are inability to maintain weight and milk production;
 the later signs of Johne’s disease are severe weight loss, persistent watery scour but
bright appearance;
 such cattle must be reported to your private veterinarian, District Veterinary Officer or
Animal Health Officer for investigation.
14. Calves from an accredited herd exhibited at any Show or Sale must be kept separated from
all adult cattle, and from calves unless they originate from JDCAP or CattleMAP herds.
Contact with the manure from all other cattle must be prevented during transport, holding
and exhibition.
 exposure of calves to adult cattle at shows or sales will result in the calves losing their
accredited status;
 exhibiting calves at shows or sales with calves of lesser Johne’s disease status will
result in the loss of their accredited status.
15. The Department of Primary Industries (DPI) will keep a register of all owners of herds
accredited in the Johne’s Disease Calf Accreditation Program (JDCAP) which will be
available to the public, on request.
 there will be a register of all owners of herds accredited in the JDCAP;
 the register will be available to the public on request.
 there is also a register of Approved Veterinarians available from DPI.
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JOHNE’S DISEASE CALF ACCREDITATION PROGRAM
HERD OWNER AGREEMENT
I, …………………………………………………………………………………………...
of……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
being the owner/ authorised representative of the owner* of the herd described below,
agree to participate in the Johne’s Disease Calf Accreditation Program (JDCAP).
Description of herd
……………………………………..……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
Property tail tag number …………………………………………………………………
Johne’s Disease Status of herd…..…………………………………………………………
Property Name & Address
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
…...…………………………………………………………………………………………
I undertake to comply with all requirements of the program as defined in the JDCAP
Manual, and in particular agree that I will observe the following conditions:
1. All replacement calves will be separated from their mother within 12 hours of birth.
2. Cows will calve down only in a clean area which is free of dairy effluent or large
amounts of manure
3. The calf rearing area will be free of any dairy effluent or cow manure.
4. Only clean water, preferably tank, town or bore water, will be supplied for calves for
drinking and for use with calf milk replacers.
5. Only milk or colostrum from cattle not designated to be high risk for Johne’s disease
or calf milk replacer will be fed to calves.
6. No adult animals of susceptible species (cows, bulls, goats, alpacas, llamas, deer) will
be permitted in the calf rearing area including pens and paddocks.
7. The calf rearing area (ie areas where calves are raised until weaned) will remain
doubled fenced (or have other suitable barrier from manure/effluent spillage as
described in my calf management plan) from cattle laneways including those used by
tankers and farm vehicles.
8. Once calves are weaned, they will graze only paddocks that have not contained adult
cattle or calves from herds not in JDCAP or CattleMAP or goats, alpaca, llama and
deer, for at least 12 months.
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9. The grazing area for weaned calves will be kept free of any drainage, effluent, or
sprayed recycled effluent.
10. If agistment is used, calves will be agisted only with other JDCAP-raised calves from
either herds of the same or higher status.
11. The introduction of calves into my herd will only permitted if the calves were from
CatteMAP herds or were born and reared in JDCAP in either a herd of the same or
higher status for Johne’s disease.
12. The District Veterinary Officer, Animal Health Officer or my private veterinarian will
be notified of any adult cattle showing signs suspicious of Johne’s disease. I accept
that accreditation may be withheld or suspended until investigations are completed.
13. Calves from my accredited herd exhibited at any Show or Sale will be kept separated
from all adult cattle, and from calves unless they originate from JDCAP or
CattleMAP herds. Contact with the manure of all other cattle will be prevented
during transport, holding and exhibition.
14. Only my cattle that have been born and reared during the period in which the herd
and property has been accredited, will be sold or promoted under the JDCAP.
15. The accredited herd and property will be subject to annual audit. Access to
authorised people will be permitted and all relevant records made available for the
purposes of auditing my compliance with the requirements of the Program.
I understand that if I fail to comply with any part of this Agreement and/or the calf
management plan drawn up between my approved veterinarian, and myself my
accreditation may be suspended or terminated.
…………………………………………………………….
Signature of Owner/ Authorised Representative of Owner
Date ………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Name of Owner/ Authorised Representative
Endorsement of Approved Veterinarian
I have inspected the property described above and am satisfied that it complies with the
requirements of the JDCAP, and have developed an agreed calf management plan with
the Owner. A certificate of compliance has been issued to the owner, and the herd is
now eligible to be listed in the register of participating JDCAP herds subject to
completing annual audits as required under the program.
………………………………………………………………. Date ……………………
Signature of Approved Veterinarian
Name & Practice Address
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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Johne’s Disease Calf Accreditation Program
Certificate No.
.................................
Certificate of Compliance
I certify that in regard to the cattle herd
owned by
..........................................................................................................................................
and run on the property
at........................................................................................................………………………
Johne’s disease status of property in first year of participation in JDCAP (IN, RD SU,
TLP, TMS NA)*……………………...……………………………………………………
Current Johne’s disease status of property (IN, RD SU, TLP, TMS, NA)*
…………………….……………………………………………………………………….
Number of years property has been JDCAP accredited…………………………………...
Property Identification / Tail tag Number …………………………………………………
I further certify that I have inspected the calving and calf rearing facilities on the property
and I have developed a written calf management plan with the owner, which complies
with the requirements detailed in the JDCAP Manual. JDCAP accreditation only applies
to calves born after the following date:
...................................................................
(Date on which herd and property achieved compliance)
This Certificate is valid until **
......................................................
..........................................................................................................
Signature of Approved Veterinarian
............................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
Name and address of Approved Veterinarian
(Print)
............................................
Date
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*IN Infected, RD Restricted, SU Suspect, TLP Tested Low Prevalence, TMS Tested to MAP standard, NA Non Assessed.
** The certificate is valid for 12 months from the date on which the herd and property achieved
compliance.
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DECLARATION OF JOHNE'S DISEASE STATUS FOR CATTLE PRODUCED UNDER THE
JOHNE'S DISEASE CALF ACCREDITATION PROGRAM (JDCAP)
I,
…………………………………………………,
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
am the owner/person with day to day responsibility for the husbandry1 of the cattle described below2.
of
Identification
(Brands, eartags,
tattoos, NLIS)
Number of cattle
Ear marks
Description of cattle
The cattle have been kept at
…………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………..
(Name and location of property)
PIN:
…………………………………………………..
(Property Identification Number)
The property/herd status3 for Bovine Johne's disease is (tick applicable box)






Tested Low Prevalence (TLP)
Restricted (RD1 or RD2)
Non assessed (NA)
Suspect (SU)
Infected (IN)
Other ……………………….. (e.g. Tested to MAP Standard, Check Tested or Cattle MAP)
The herd is participating in the Johne's Disease Calf Accreditation Program (JDCAP) and has been
accredited continuously since …………………… (insert date)4.
The cattle described above are not high risk5 for Johne's disease, and were raised in accordance with the
JDCAP. The cattle were (tick applicable boxes)

born, raised and have resided on the property detailed above; and were born after the
commencement of the JDCAP on the property; or

purchased or introduced into the herd from a CattleMAP accredited herd with a vendor
declaration; or

purchased or introduced into the herd from a JDCAP-accredited herd of …… status3 for Johne's
disease (insert Johne’s disease status) with a vendor declaration .
I declare that all of the information I have provided on this form is true and correct 6.
Declared at ……………………. Date ………………….. Signed: ………………………………….
(Note: Stock agents cannot make this declaration on behalf of clients)
Making a false or misleading statement about the disease status of cattle for sale may make the
signatory liable to prosecution and/or civil action under the Trade Practices Act 1974 or the Fair
Trading Act 1999.
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Explanatory notes:
1.
Only the vendor or a person responsible for the husbandry of the cattle may complete and sign this
declaration.
If space is insufficient to identify all cattle attach a signed list.
Herd/Property status for Bovine Johne's disease is the official status that applies in accordance
with the National Johne's Disease Program Standard Definitions and Rules for Cattle (3 rd edition
2001).
This certificate may only be used for cattle born after the commencement of JDCAP or introduced
with a vendor declaration of equivalence.
High risk animals are those identified for preferential culling in IN, RD and TLP herds in
accordance with the National Johne's Disease Program Standard Definitions and Rules for Cattle
(3rd edition 2001).
Making a false or misleading statement about the disease status of cattle for sale is an offence
under the Trade Practice Act 1974 and the Fair Trading Act 1999.
The table below indicates the effect on recipient herd status when introducing JDCAP raised
calves from herds of varying status. The calves must not be high risk for Johne's disease.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Change in recipient herd status with introduction of cattle raised in JDCAP herds of variable status
Herd
Status
of
JDCAP
Vendor
RD
TLP
SU
NA
IN
Herd status of buyer prior to purchase
– result after purchase
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
SU
SU
SU
SU
SU
SU
**
SU
TLP
TLP
TLP
TLP
TLP
RD
RD
RD
RD
RD
**
**
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
** Movement not recommended
Note:
Herd statuses are as per National Standard Definitions and Rules for Johne's disease in cattle:
RD Restricted (RD1, RD2)
TLP Tested Low Prevalence
SU Suspect
NA Non-assessed
IN Infected
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This program has been developed as a specific initiative of the Victorian dairy industry.
The comprehensive involvement of a group of farmer members of the Holstein-Friesian
Association of Australia – Victorian Division in developing the practical aspects of the program
is warmly acknowledged, as is the invaluable assistance of the United Dairyfarmers Victoria in
the program’s implementation.
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© Department of Primary Industries
April 2003