Fall 05
Study Guide—Disch
This study guide is organized by the articles appearance in the text, NOT by its order
in the reading schedule. See Reconstructing Gender Table of Contents for order of
article appearance in text.
PART I: IT’S NOT JUST ABOUT GENDER
Reading 1
THE PUERTO RICAN DUMMY AND THE MERCIFUL SON
Martin Esperarza
1.
Martin Espada contains his anger by
*a.
writing.
b.
punching lamps.
c.
street fighting.
d.
All of the above
Page 34
2.
A way Martin Espada expects to help his son not be violent is
a.
teaching his son about honor.
b.
urging his son to be a pacifist.
*c.
modeling respectful treatment of his wife.
d.
All of the above
Page 35
3.
What has happened to Martin Espada and what has he done to lead him to say the
following? “My evolving manhood was defined by how well I could take
punishment, and paradoxically, I punished myself for not being man enough to
end my own humiliation.” (Page 33)
Reading 6
WHITE PRIVILEGE: UNPACKING THE INVISIBLE KNAPSACK
Peggy McIntosh
1.
According to Peggy McIntosh, the feeling that one belongs within the human
circle should not be seen as a privilege, but as a(n)
a.
necessary freedom.
*b.
unearned entitlement.
c.
essential dependence.
d.
None of the above
Page 71 and 74
“Whiteness” is
a.
the privilege given to Blacks who are light-skinned.
b.
assimilation into White culture.
c.
the oppression of Whites.
*d.
a racial identity.
Page 75
2.
3.
Peggy McIntosh discusses white and heterosexual privilege (as well as male
privilege). Using a similar argument, discuss class privilege.
Reading 9
PATRIARCHY, THE SYSTEM: AN IT, NOT A HE, A THEM OR AN US
Allan Johnson
1.
To see the world through patriarchal eyes is to
a.
believe that women and men are profoundly different in their basic
natures.
b.
believe that hierarchy is the only alternative to chaos.
c.
believe that men were made in the image of a masculine God with whom
they enjoy a special relationship.
*d.
All of the above
Page 95
2.
If a society is oppressive, then people who grow up and live in it will
a.
tend to accept it.
b.
identify with it.
c.
participate in it as “normal.”
*d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above.
Page 93
According to Allan Johnson, patriarchy’s defining elements are its ________dominated, ________-identified, and ________-centered character.
a.
power.
b.
female.
c.
sexually.
*d.
male.
Page 95
3.
4. Discuss the ways in which patriarchy is defined, what a patriarchal culture is, and how
patriarchy is a system.
Reading 10
REFLECTIONS ON GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND TRANSNATIONAL
FEMINIST MOVEMENTS IN AN ERA OF INFINITE WAR
Rosalind Petchesky
1.
ne of Rosalind Petchesky’s purposes throughout her book was to explore the
many ways in which reproductive and sexual rights intersect with, and are
embraced within, a wide range of health, human rights, human development and
social and gender justice issues. In one paragraph, explain how reproductive and
sexual rights interconnect with these kinds of rights and issues.
PART II: GENDER SOCIALIZATION
Reading 11
THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER
Judith Lorber
1.
A sex category becomes a gender status through
a.
naming.
b.
dress.
c.
different treatment of boys and girls.
*d.
All of the above
Page 114
2.
According to Judith Lorber, as part of __________, gender ranks men above
women of the same race and class.
a.
a socialization system
*b.
a stratification system
c.
an educational system
d.
a normative system
Page 116
According to Judith Lorber, a factor that contributes to men’s control over betterpaid jobs is
*a.
the active gendering of jobs and people, such that the better-paid jobs get
defined as men’s jobs.
b.
men’s physical strength.
c.
women’s lack of desire for such jobs.
d.
All of the above
Page 117
3.
4.
Judith Lorber concludes that the continuing purpose of gender as a modern social
institution is
a.
to reinforce homophobia and heterosexism.
b.
to organize the labor force in ways that allow for child rearing from
generation to
generation.
*c.
to construct women as a group to be the subordinates of men as a group.
d.
All of the above
Page 118
5.
According to Judith Lorber, gender inequality is produced by
a.
sex and anatomy.
b.
procreation and hormones.
c.
genetic dispositions across various cultures.
*d.
None of the above
Entire Essay
6.
What does Judith Lorber mean by the following statement: “Resistance and
rebellion have altered gender norms, but so far they have rarely eroded the
statuses”? (Page 115)
7.
What does Judith Lorber mean when she quotes Judith Butler in saying that “not
biology, but culture, becomes destiny”? (Page 118)
8.
What does Judith Lorber mean when she argues that gender is socially
constructed? (Entire essay)
9.
What does Judith Lorber mean by “gender as a process AND a structure”? (Pages
115-118)
Reading 12
BOYHOOD, ORGANIZED SPORTS, AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF
MASCULINITES
Michael A. Messner
Which of the following best describes the focus of Michael A. Messner’s
research?
*a.
A study of former athletes’ lives
b.
A study of men’s relationships with their fathers
c.
A study of men’s difficulties with intimacy
d.
A study of the impact of competition on men’s development
Pages 121-122
1.
2.
Michael A. Messner argues that gender identity
a.
*b.
c.
d.
Page 121
is an aspect of personality established in childhood that remains more of
less constant throughout life.
is a process that develops and changes through life.
is closely tied to instincts and physiology.
None of the above
3.
The __________ of the men Michael A. Messner interviewed seemed to affect
how important sports were in their overall identities.
a.
family structure
b.
age
*c.
social status
d.
All of the above
Pages 130-134
4.
The men interviewed by Michael A. Messner described loneliness, insecurity and
a need to connect with other people as reasons why men play sports in childhood.
True or false? (page 128)
5.
Michael A. Messner concludes that the combination of intimacy and distance that
accompanies organized sports fits the needs of many men. True or False? (pages
134-135)
6.
Compare and contrast a male athlete you know with the men interviewed by
Michael A. Messner on the issues of his relationship with his father, his identity
as a man, and his career aspirations.
7.
What does Michael A. Messner mean when he argues that gender identity is
socially constructed? (Page 121)
8
What is the role of fathers in boys’ involvement with sports? (Pages 125-127)
9.
Discuss Michael A. Messner’s connection between class and sports achievement
in relation to masculine identity.
Reading 15
HE DEFIES YOU STILL:
The Memoirs of a Sissy
Tommy Avicolli
1.
According to Tommi Avicolli, the word “faggot” was a general term used in
school to chastise almost anyone who didn’t conform. True/False (page 150)
2.
In what ways is Tommy Avicolli’s experience familiar to you and in what ways is
it unfamiliar?
PART III: EMBODIMENT
1.
Many of the dominant messages about bodies are tied to images of
a.
gender.
b.
race.
c.
class.
*d.
All of the above
Page 155
The term “metrosexual” is used to describe
a.
gay men and women who live in a large metropolitan area.
b.
a new style of urban fashion.
*c.
heterosexual urban men who attend carefully to their bodies and homes.
d.
highly sexualized men and women.
Page 156
2.
3.
An example of racially specific plastic surgery cited in the text is
*a.
nasal surgery among Asian women.
b.
liposuction among white women.
c.
white men getting “male enhancement” surgery to enlarge their penises.
d.
All of the above
Page 155
4.
Approximately how often is a baby born whose sex is not obvious by looking at
its genitals?
a.
1 in 500 births
*b.
1 in 1,500 births
c.
1 in 2,500 births
d.
1 in 3,500 births
Page 156
5.
Women who look too athletic are threatening because they
a.
provoke jealousy in other women.
b.
do not look like acceptable mother figures.
*c.
challenge the division of the world into male and female.
d.
All of the above
Page 157
6.
According to a recent television documentary, of 40,000 female applicants to a
modeling agency, only _____ were selected at acceptable.
*a.
4
b.
40
c.
400
d.
4,000
Page 158
Reading 17
BEAUTY IS THE BEAST:
Psychological Effects of the Pursuit of the Perfect Female Body
Elayne A. Saltzberg and Joan C. Chrisler
1.
A group in which the rate of smoking is increasing is
a.
young men.
*b.
young women.
c.
menopausal women (to curb appetite).
d.
All of the above
Page 165
2.
Approximately what percentage of people in the United States with anorexia
nervosa are women?
a.
35%
b.
55%
c.
75%
*d.
95%
Page 167
3.
Approximately what percentage of diets fail?
a.
35%
b.
55%
c.
75%
*d.
95%
Page 167
4.
Approximately what percentage of college-age women uses vomiting as a means
of weight control?
a.
10%
b.
20%
*c.
30%
d.
40%
Page 167
5.
Which is NOT a result of striving to achieve the beauty ideal?
*a.
higher self-esteem
b.
stress
c.
anxiety
d.
weakened sense of self
Page 168
6.
If you know a woman who seems free of the beauty obsession, what do you think
explains her freedom?
Reading 19
“A WAY OUTA NO WAY”:
Eating Problems among African American, Latina, and White Women
Becky W. Thompson
1.
Thompson reevaluates the interpretation of eating troubles as __________ based
in ___________.
a.
psychological symptoms; early emotional conflict
*b.
issues of appearance; the culture of thinness
c.
transitory; normal life crises
d.
All of the above
Page 176
2.
Diagnosis of eating problems is often delayed among women of color because
a.
women of color have less access to medical care.
b.
women of color have different eating patterns than do white women.
*c.
professionals don’t expect women of color to have eating troubles.
d.
All of the above
Page 177
Becky W. Thompson’s research is innovative in that it
*a.
looks at the impact of intersecting oppressions on eating problems.
b.
pays attention primarily to compulsive eating rather than to anorexia.
c.
is restricted to women of color.
d.
All of the above
Page 178
3.
4.
The women Becky W. Thompson interviewed related which of the following
traumas most frequently to their eating difficulties?
a.
Heterosexism
b.
Poverty
c.
Racism and/or classism
*d.
Sexual abuse
Page 180
5.
Discuss the connections between eating disorders and sexual abuse, as presented
by Becky W. Thompson.
Reading 20
JUST W ALK ON BY:
A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
Brent Staples
1.
Which of the following is NOT used by Brent Staples in his efforts to diffuse fear
of him as a tall Black man?
a.
Whistling Vivaldi
*b.
Using verbal confrontations only with the police
c.
Leaving a wide berth around people on subway platforms
d.
Choosing not to follow people into buildings
Pages 193-194
2.
According to Brent Staples, he must be aware of his presence on public streets for
all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a.
He presents a perceived danger to men.
b.
He presents a perceived danger to women.
*c.
He has often been arrested for loitering.
d.
He himself might be in danger.
Entire essay
3.
Brent Staples agrees that the threat he poses to pedestrians results from the reality
of many Black men as criminals. (True, page 192)
4.
According to Brent Staples, he was seduced by the perception of himself as a
tough guy like his friends were. (False, page 191-192)
Reading 21
TAKING IT
Leonard Kriegel
1.
What are the connections Leonard Kriegel makes between his coping with polio
and masculinity?
Reading 23
I’M NOT FAT, I’M LATINA
Christy Haubegger
Christy Haubegger’s piece primarily addresses
*a.
the importance of cultural context in definitions of health and beauty.
b.
the medical establishment’s campaign against women who are overweight.
c.
racism in the medical professions.
d.
All of the above
Pages 201-202
1.
2.
Discuss some of the experiences that have led Christy Haubegger to embrace her
round body.
Reading 24
THE TYRANNY OF THE ESTHETIC:
Surgery’s Most Intimate Violation
Martha Coventry
1.
According to Martha Coventry, the main cause of suicidal feelings among people
who have had genital surgery is
a.
the sense of difference from other children.
b.
physical pain following surgery.
*c.
loneliness.
d.
All of the above
Page 206
In Martha Coventry’s opinion, sex reassignment surgery is typically performed
a.
for the physical health of the child.
b.
for the emotional health of the child.
*c.
because U.S. culture is not able to deal with people whose bodies are not
obviously male or female.
d.
All of the above
Page 204 and 209
3.
Martha Coventry compares sex reassignment surgery to
*a.
female genital mutilation in Africa.
b.
elective surgery by transsexuals.
c.
the transgender movement’ s quest for freedom of gender expression.
d.
All of the above
Page 209
2.
4.
A boy with a penis defined as “too small” by physicians is likely to have his penis
converted to a clitoris and be reassigned female by physicians. (True, page 210)
5.
Female genital mutilation is different from sex reassignment surgery, according to
Martha Coventry, because the latter is done for humanitarian reasons whereas the
former is not. (False, page 209)
6.
What does Martha Coventry suggest as solutions to unnecessary genital surgery?
PART IV: COMMUNICATION
Reading 26
YOU JUST DON’T UNDERSTAND
Deborah Tannen
1.
According to Deborah Tannen, key issues that contribute to communication
differences between women and men are __________ and __________.
a.
size; public status
b.
ethnicity; income
*c.
intimacy; independence
d.
All of the above
Page 216
2.
According to Deborah Tannen, frequently when women want __________, men
offer __________.
a.
advice; understanding
b.
solutions; parallel situations
*c.
understanding; advice
d.
All of the above
Page 218
3.
According to Deborah Tannen, men tend to make decisions without their partners
because
a.
they are accustomed to more autonomy.
b.
they feel infantilized to ask their female partners for consultation or
permission.
c.
they feel curtailed.
*d.
All of the above
Pages 216-217
4.
According to Deborah Tannen, which of the following do women typically NOT
want in conversation with intimate others?
*a.
Advice
b.
Empathy and understanding
c.
Parallel experiences from the other person
d.
None of the above
Page 218
5.
Analyze a relationship you are in according to the issues raised by Deborah
Tannen. To what extent does that relationship illustrate her ideas about intimacy,
independence, advice, and matching troubles?
6.
How does Deborah Tannen explain the differences in men and women’s needs in
conversation?
PART V: SEXUALITY
Reading 33
THE MYTH OF THE SEXUAL ATHLETE
Don Sabo
Don Sabo’s primary focus is
a.
locker-room talk.
*b.
the relationship between sports and sexuality
c.
his pain at breaking up with his high school girlfriend.
d.
men’s alleged sexual exploits.
Page 274
1.
Don Sabo asserts that to be “manly” in sports, an athlete has to be competitive,
successful, dominating, aggressive, stoical, goal-directed, and physically strong.
In what situations does he see this definition of masculinity as a problem?
a.
When athletes are injured and cannot maintain this definition of
masculinity
b.
When athletes who become fathers have to care for small children
*c.
When athletes apply this definition of masculinity to their relationships
with women
d.
All of the above
Page 276
2.
3.
According to Don Sabo, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dating
as sport?
a.
“Scoring”― having sex without emotional involvement
b.
Sexual relationships seen as games
c.
Women seen as opponents to be defeated; man as hunter, woman as prey
*d.
The mediating influence of girls in athletics these days
Page 276
4.
Don Sabo argues that the primary cause of the sexual exploitation of women by
men is
*a.
patriarchy.
b.
men’s resistance to the women’s liberation movement.
c.
women’s innate inferiority.
d.
All of the above
Page 277
5.
Don Sabo argues that in spite of the public stereotype of athletes being virile and
sexually potent, many athletes are sexually uptight and fixated on early adolescent
sexual antics and exploitation of women. True or False? (page 274)
6.
Don Sabo argues that there is really no inherent difficulty in men’s contradictory
needs—on the one hand a need for intimacy from women and on the other, their
need to act as if they are indifferent to women. True/False (page 275)
7.
Since young athletes learn about girls primarily from the girls themselves, the
information shared among athletes about girls is relatively accurate. True/False
(page 276)
8.
According to Don Sabo, men seem torn between yearning for excitement and
longing for love and intimacy. True/False (page 277)
9.
What are the negative links between men’s sports and their sexuality, according to
Sabo?
10.
What changes might Don Sabo suggest in the structure of sports in order to
improve relationships between men and women?
11.
Discuss how Don Sabo interprets sex as a sport. Be sure to address the language
he highlights.
Reading 36
USES OF THE EROTIC:
The Erotic as Power
Audre Lorde
1.
According to Audre Lorde, the erotic is a measure between the beginning of our
sense of __________ and the chaos of our strongest __________.
a.
belonging; fears
*b.
self; feelings
c.
touch; wishes
d.
love; hatred
Page 294
2.
Audre Lorde states that our erotic knowledge
a.
empowers us.
b.
becomes a lens through which we scrutinize all aspects of our existence.
c.
forces us to evaluate the aspects of our existence honestly in terms of their
relative meaning within our lives.
*d.
All of the above
Page 296
3.
According to Audre Lorde, the erotic has often been misnamed by men and used
against women. True or False? (page 294)
4.
Audre Lorde believes that the erotic can be felt secondhand. True or False? (page
297)
5.
Summarize what Audre Lorde believes is “the erotic” in your own words. In
addition, please explain how the erotic is power.
PART VI: FAMILIES
Reading 37
THE TRANSFORMATION OF FAMILY LIFE
Lillian B. Rubin
1.
The major conflict within the couples studied by Lillian B. Rubin was
a.
deciding which in-laws to ask for help with baby-sitting.
b.
figuring out which partner would work the night shift.
*c.
d.
Entire essay
negotiating household chores and child care in the home.
All of the above
The men in Lillian B. Rubin’s study cited which of the following as sources of
frustration for them?
a.
Not being appreciated for the family work they do
b.
Being victimized outside the home as well as inside
c.
Feeling obligated to carry the financial burden of the home while their
wives do not
*d.
All of the above
Page 304-306
2.
3.
Researchers cited by Lillian B. Rubin found that in families in which both wife
and husband work full-time, women work approximately _____ hours a week in
household labor while men work about _____.
a,
60; 30
b.
40; 20
*c.
25; 10
d,
15; 5
Page 304
4.
Among younger couples studied by Lillian B. Rubin,
*a.
more men feel guilty when they don’t help with household chores.
b.
household work has become more-or-less equally shared.
c.
children pitch in more with household chores.
d.
men are as likely as women to take charge of arranging child care.
Page 307
5.
In Lillian B. Rubin’s study, which families appeared the most egalitarian
regarding participation in the daily life of the family and involvement with the
children?
*a.
African American families
b.
Asian families
c.
Latino families
d.
White families
Page 309
6.
Strategies used by the families studied by Lillian B. Rubin to make ends meet
include all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
working split shifts.
b.
leaning on extended family members to provide child care.
*c.
having the wife stay home to care for the children in order to save daycare costs.
d.
having husbands pick up overtime work.
Entire essay
7.
Even in families where housework is shared by men, women still
a.
are in charge of the emotional life of the family.
b.
are responsible for the planning of most everything.
c.
bear the greater burden of chores.
*d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
Page 307
8.
Name the major struggles faced by the couples studied by Lillian B. Rubin.
9.
How have the couples studied by Lillian B. Rubin confronted the challenge of
providing adequate childcare on a tight budget?
10.
Compare and contrast the way the couples studied by Lillian B. Rubin handle
household chores and childcare to the way your own family of origin handled or
handles these tasks.
Reading 39
DILEMMAS OF INVOLVED FATHERHOOD
Kathleen Gerson
1.
Which of the following is NOT a dilemma faced by the fathers interviewed by
Kathleen Gerson?
a.
Pediatricians who ignore them
b.
Bosses who demand long hours
*c.
Wives who are threatened by the men’s involvement with their children
and the home
d.
Pressure to earn enough to support the family
Entire essay
2.
Men resist full-time child rearing because it
a.
is undervalued.
b.
is isolating.
c.
involves invisible accomplishments.
*d.
All of the above
Page 323
According to Kathleen Gerson, a common impediment to men’s ability to
function as effective, involved parents is
*a.
skepticism about men’s parenting ability.
b.
resistance to allowing daughters to participate equally in activities such as
Little League.
c.
children’ s resistance to being parented by Daddy instead of Mommy.
d.
All of the above
Page 324
3.
4.
According to Kathleen Gerson, involved fatherhood helps insulate men against
a.
the resentment of wives who want a shared-household arrangement.
b.
divorce.
c.
emotional isolation should a divorce occur.
*d.
All of the above
Page 327
5.
Fathers who become equal or primary parents tend to be stigmatized. True/False
(page 323)
6.
By focusing on the advantages and discounting the drawbacks of parenting,
fathers are able to overcome some of the barriers to equal parenting. True/False (page
328)
7.
What are some of the obstacles facing involved fathers?
PART VIII: PAID WORK AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Reading 48
SIXTY CENTS TO A MAN’S DOLLAR
Ann Crittenden
1.
Consider the dilemmas pointed out by Ann Crittenden that working parents face.
Discuss how your own upbringing may have been impacted by parental
discrimination. What do you think should be done?
2.
What is the family wage gap, and why, according to Ann Crittenden, does it
exist?
Reading 50
THE EFFECTS OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ON OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
Barbara Reskin
1.
Describe how a legal affirmative action program works, according to Barbara
Reskin.
2.
What explains the disjuncture between negative public attitudes toward
affirmative action and public attitudes that reflect acceptance of the principles of
affirmative action?
3.
If you were to try to convince a group of white men that affirmative action is a
good thing, how might you structure your argument and what evidence would you
use in support of your case? Imagine that many of the white men to whom you
are speaking have negative views on affirmative action.
Reading 51
“GLOBAL WOMAN”
Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild
1.
What do Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild mean when they state
that the “pattern of female migration reflects what could be called a worldwide
gender revolution”? Explain all of the authors’ main points of this essay.
Reading 52
AMERICA’S DIRTY WORK:
Migrant Maids and Modern-Day Slavery
Joy M. Zarembka
1.
Joy M. Zarembka states that while some abusive employers use violence and the
threat of violence to keep their domestic workers captive, others rely on
psychological coercion. Summarize the ways in which domestic workers can be
psychologically coerced according to the author.
Reading 53
THE GLOBETROTTING SNEAKER
Cynthia Enloe
1.
What strategies have women workers in Asia used to struggle for higher wages
and better working conditions? What kinds of resistance have they faced in the
process of fighting for their rights as workers?
PART IX: VIOLENCE
QUESTIONS ON THE INTRODUCTION TO PART IX
1.
Members of which of the following groups are NOT frequently victims of hate
crimes?
a.
Transgendered people
b.
People of color
*c.
White working-class men
d.
Jewish people
Pages 470-471
2.
The most serious health risk facing women in the last two decades is
a.
breast cancer.
b.
heart disease.
*c.
domestic violence.
d.
None of the above
Page 471
3.
Which of the following is NOT typically blamed for violence against women?
a.
The system of gender inequality
b.
Pornography
c.
Men’s participation in sports
*d.
The fact that women on average have less education than men
Pages 472-473
4.
The growth of law enforcement has affected women of color by
a.
leading to increased incarceration.
b.
increasing abuse in prison settings.
c.
denying reproductive autonomy.
*d.
All of the above
Pages 471-472
5.
African American women were more likely to tell someone of their domestic
abuse than white women. True/False (page 470)
6.
A “culture of peace” perspective on violence explores new ways of approaching
violence prevention, and an examination of causes of male violence is a central
aspect of this work. True/False (pages 473-474)
7.
Attention to men and boys as victims of violence has yet to be explored.
True/False (page 474)
Reading 54
WOMEN, VIOLENCE, AND RESISTANCE
Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz
1.
Summarize Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz’s argument in favor of women using guns
and other means of self-defense. What do you think of her position?
2.
Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz asserts: “Our fear of ourselves then is a fear of
ourselves empowered…We are partly afraid we can’t be trusted with freedom.”
Based on evidence that Kaye/Kantrowitz provides, and on evidence from your
own experience, what do you think of this assertion?
3.
What does Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz predict would happen if women began
resisting physical and sexual violence? Do you agree or disagree, and why?
Reading 55
THE ULTIMATE GROWTH INDUSTRY:
Trafficking in Women and Girls
Jan Goodwin
1.
List some of the ways in which women are exploited in various parts of the world,
as described by Jan Goodwin.
2.
What values are embedded in the practices of trafficking in women described by
Jan Goodwin? Illustrate your answers with examples from Goodwin’s essay.
Reading 56
WHERE RACE AND GENDER MEET:
Racism, Hate Crimes, and Pornography
Helen Zia
Helen Zia defines “hate rape” as
a.
the rape of girls of color.
*b.
racially-motivated, gender-based crimes against women of color.
c.
rapes that are particularly violent.
d.
All of the above
Page 496
1.
The “Ethnic Sex Challenge” game involved
a.
the rape of a Japanese exchange student.
b.
assault on women of color on ethnic holidays.
*c.
the following of an ethnic checklist by fraternity men in deciding whom to
gang rape.
d.
random selection of a particular ethnic group to target for sexual
harassment.
Page 497
2.
3.
According to Helen Zia, sexual assaults against women of color
*a.
are usually motivated by a combination of racism and sexism.
b.
are closely monitored and severely punished by state and federal courts.
c.
cannot be addressed within the existing justice system.
d.
will depend on the presence of women of color as lawyers and judges.
Page 497
4.
What does Helen Zia recommend as a legal strategy to deal with violent crimes
against women of color?
Reading 57
HOMOPHOBIA IN STRAIGHT MEN
Terry A. Kupers
1.
Male on male rape is explained as an expression of
*a.
dominance.
b.
homosexual tendencies.
c.
anger.
d.
All of the above
Page 500
2.
The transvestite Terry A. Kupers found in the prison became the “woman” of the
prisoners. True or false? (page 500).
3.
What is the relationship between homophobia and male on male rape in prison?
4.
How does Terry A. Kupers explain bodybuilding in prison?
Reading 61
GENDER IN A TIME OF HOLY WAR
Stephen Ducat
1.
According to human rights groups, _____% of all women in Pakistani jails are
there for violating laws against extramarital sex.
a.
50
b.
60
c.
70
*d.
80
Page 525
2.
_______________ is the male fear of being feminine.
a.
Homophobia
*b.
Femiphobia
c.
Gynophobia
d.
Venustraphobia
Page 525
3.
According to Stephen Ducat, there are many conservative women who argue
unapologetically for, and campaign aggressively in favor of, female
subordination. (True, page 529)
4.
The underlying premise of Stephen Ducat’s essay is that the most important thing
about being a man is not being a woman. (True, whole essay)
5.
What was the aim of Stephen Ducat’s essay? Please summarize his main points.
Reading 62
MASCULINITIES AND MEN’S HEALTH:
Moving toward Post-Superman Era Prevention
Don Sabo
1.
What are some of the explanations proposed for the high rate of suicide among
men over 60? (Pages 552-553)
2.
Don Sabo argues that men’s gender socialization contributes to men’s difficulties
with health and their shorter life span. Name some of the evidence he cites to
argue his case. To what extent do you find his argument convincing?
3.
What are the connections between the political, economic and ideological
structures of the gender order and men’s health?
Reading 68
STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES
The National Organization for Men Against Sexism
1.
The National Organization for Men Against Sexism (NOMAS) wants to challenge
a.
male superiority.
b.
white superiority.
c.
homophobia.
*d.
All of the above
Page 598
2.
According to NOMAS, traditional masculinity has few redeeming characteristics.
True or False? (page 598)
3.
According to NOMAS, the differences between women and men suggest that they
should engage in separate struggles for equality. True or False? (page 598)
Reading 73
WOMEN AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Rita Arditti
1.
Rita Arditti notes that when feminists began to insist on the centrality of women’s
rights to the human rights conversation, they emphasized at least three major
themes. What were these three themes?
2.
According to Rita Arditti, the Platform for Action (PfA) acknowledges the
continual barriers to women’s empowerment, calls on governments to take action,
and highlights 12 critical areas of concern which are interrelated, interdependent,
and considered “high priority.” Please list these 12 areas of concern.