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Anthropology 3 - Cultural Anthropology
Quiz #1 – Spring 2011
Please type your answers using a 12 point font and doubled spaced. This is a take-home quiz due Tuesday, 22 February at the beginning of class. A late quiz will have 10 points deducted from the score.
Multiple choices questions (2.5 points each)
1) The four sub-disciplines of anthropology are (note: I consider “applied anthropology” as a fifth sub-discipline): a) physical/biological, social/cultural, ethnography, and linguistic b) social/cultural, linguistic, archaeology, and physical/biological c) archaeology, linguistic, social/cultural, and ethnography d) cultural, linguistics, archaeology, and ethnology e) none of the above
The practice of judging other cultures by the standards and values of one’s own culture and believing that your culture is superior is known as: a) social realism b) cultural particularism c) ethnocentrism d) cultural reality e) none of the above
The concept that each society is unique and that it is best understood by its own standards of meaning and value, and should not be judged by the standards of another culture is referred to as: a) social relativism b) cultural determinism c) cultural relativism d) cultural particularism e) both a and c
The two primary theories of cultural change that were discussed several times in class are: a) invention and innovation growth b) diffusion and technological innovation d) population growth and migration
An etic approach to the study of culture is one that emphasizes: a) the writing of ethnographies that contain vivid descriptions of individual cultures b) the description of cultures from the point of view of their members c) the search for general laws or principles that can be applied to all human cultures d) notions of truth and beauty as they are expressed in individual cultures e) the description of cultures from the scientific perspective
Two basic methodologies are used to gather anthropological data, they are: a) surveys and questionnaires b) intuitive knowledge and surveys c) participant observation and surveys d) laboratory experiments and participant observation e) none of the above c) environmental change and population e) migration and personal choice
The study of the biological and cultural evolution of our species, based on fossil and artifactual remains is known as: a) paleontology b) archaeology c) paleoanthropology d) social anthropology e) both b and d
One of the critical goals of cultural anthropology as an academic discipline is to: a) explain the differences and similarities among the ways of life in different human societies b) increase the level of culture in particular human societies c) place large numbers of cultural anthropologists in political offices d) determine the direction of human evolution e) none of the above
An emic approach to the study of culture is on that emphasizes: a) the description of a culture from the point of view of a member of the culture b) the comparison of similar parts of different cultures c) studying the agricultural technology and ecological adaptation of a culture d) the notion of cultural evolution e) the search for general laws or principles that can be applied to all human cultures
An important concept in anthropology that states that the various social institutions are interrelated and that a change in one necessitates and causes a change in the others; with the economic system being the principal determinate, is known as: a) holistic approach b) indicative perspective c) social relativism d) embeddedness e) none of the above

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11) A physical anthropologist would be most interested in: a) the social life of chimpanzees b) the musical styles of different cultures c) language change in contemporary human societies d) the relationship of religion to politics e) the past material remains of a society
To say that anthropology is holistic means that anthropologists consider all parts of a subject in their studies, including: a) objects and acts regarded as holy by various peoples b) the whole personality of any particular individual c) integration of past, present, and the future, including biology, history, culture and environmental factors in explaining human behavior and the assumption that there is an interrelationship between all these parts d) studying every culture in the world in great detail e) the efforts to find holes in particular theories
A written or film account of a particular behavior, community, society, or culture based on fieldwork is referred to as: a) ethnology b) participant observation c) ethnography d) applied anthropology e) field report
A student of Franz Boaz, one of the most influential social scientist of the twentieth century, __________ had a profound affect on American society by enlightening our understanding of child rearing, sex roles, and sexual behavior. a) Lewis H. Morgan b) Edward Tyler c) Ruth Bender d) Margaret Mead e) Charles Darwin
A group of theories that are used to explain a complex phenomena or set of phenomenon is known as a: a) grand theory b) hypothesis c) primary theory d) law e) model
The study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups is: a) ethnography b) cultural anthropology c) empirical anthropology d) ethnology e) applied anthropology
___________ developed the complimentary theories of historical particularism and cultural relativism . a) Bronislaw Malinowski e) Franz Boas b) Claude Levi-Strauss c) Louis Henry Morgan d) Julian Steward
___________ a nineteenth century British anthropologist is considered the father of anthropology. a) Louis Binford b) Franz Boaz c) Edward B. Tyler d) Julian Steward e) none of the above
The primary means by which humans adapt to their environment is: a) gene flow b) diffusion c) physical adaptation d) culture e) none of the above
An early anthropological theory of cultural change discussed in class holds that cultural traits are spread by contact from a few core areas in the world. This archaic theory is known as: a) diffusionism b) evolutionism c) determinism d) environmentalism e) anthropomorphism
The study of ancient animals (non-human) primarily through the fossil record is referred to as: a) paleoanthropology b) archaeology c) paleontology d) biological anthropology e) none of the above
In class two broad definitions of culture were discussed. They were: a) culture is a dynamic, complex, and structured organization – sophisticated behavior b) the refined behavior of humans – conscious behavior c) development of complex societies – urbanized cities d) the nonbiological adaptation to environment – culture is a dynamic, complex, and structured organization e) none of the above
Anthropology developed as a science in the mid-nineteen century. The original anthropological focus was quite different in the
United States and Great Britain. The former was concerned with ____________, while the latter concentrated on __________. a) linguistic - ethnology b) civilizing the natives – controlling colonial peoples documenting native lifeways before extinction c) controlling colonial peoples – d) documenting native lifeways before extinction – controlling colonial peoples e) controlling colonial peoples – civilizing the natives
____________, a nineteenth century ‘armchair anthropologist’ wrote the seminal book Ancient Society on ____________ a) Louis Binford – social organization b) Franz Boaz – historical particularism c) Edward B. Tyler – kinship d) Julian Steward – cultural ecology e) none of the above

25) An artifact is best defined as: a) anything found at an archaeological site modified by human activities b) animal bones and plant remains d) a complex tool found at an archaeological site c) portable objects made or e) none of the above
26) One of the two dimensions of anthropology, ___________is focused solving contemporary problems. a) archaeology b) biological anthropology c) forensics d) applied anthropology e) development anthropology
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Radiocarbon dating is limited to the last: a) 1.5 million years b) 70,000 years c) 120,000 years d) 20,000 years e) 2.5 million years
Which specialty of applied anthropology is both academic/theoretical and applied/practical and includes anthropologists from all four sub-disciplines. a) archaeology b) biological anthropology c) d) medical anthropology e) development anthropology
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Which of the following materials can be dated with radiocarbon dating? a) bone, shell, wood b) stone, obsidian, bone c) clay, bone, wood d) copper, tin, bronze e) shell, wood, clay
In the video Stones and Bones: The Birth of Archaeology and discussed in class, the first archaeological theory used to catalogue museum artifacts is known as the _________ . It was divided into three periods ____________: a) Chronology Periods - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic b) Three-Age System - Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic c) Paleoanthropology - Pliocene, Miocene, Pleistocene d) Three-Age System - Stone, Bronze, Iron e) none of the above
31) Archaeologists focus their research energies on the study of: a) the material remains of human behavior c) human behavior before the invention of agriculture b) human culture before the invention of writing d) human physical remains e) both a and d
32) Cultural anthropologists often develop a close relationship with a member of the society being studied. This individual has a deep and thorough knowledge of the culture. S/he provides information and guidance to the anthropologist. This person is referred to as _______________. a) cultural spy b) key informant c) key source d) community confidant e) none of the above
Short Written Questions
34) In class we two “grand theories” that explain cultural evolution in the broadest sense were discussed in class. Name and discuss these theories. (6 points)
35) The video: Herskovits At the Heart of Blackness reviewed several significant anthropological issues including: who controls
‘cultural identity’ of a society. That is, who controls how a people are studied and represented and does the prevailing social attitudes (i.e., social milieu) affect scientific research and theory. Discuss these issues in relation to Herskovits’ comparative research of African Americans vis-à-vis Africans. Also, the influence of Herskovits’ Jewish background on his scientific perspective. (6 points)
36) Define the terms hypothesis, theory, scientific law, and theoretical model as used in empirical science. (8 points)
Note: The video Herskovits At the Heart of Blackness will be on reserve in the Rosenberg media center from 16 February to 23 February and
Margaret Mean: Taking Note and Stones and Bones: The Birth of Archaeology videos will be on reserve until 5 May.