Name:
Date:
Meiosis Review
Recall that mitosis is the type of cell division that produces body cells except for eggs and sperm. Meiosis is the type of
cell division that produces the eggs and sperm (also called gametes).
Vocabulary:
Meiosis: type of cell division that produces gametes (also called reduction division)
Gamete: a specialized reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm that contains the haploid number of chromosomes
Haploid (N) cell: a cell with half a complete set of chromosomes, such as in gametes
Diploid (2N) cell: a cell with a complete set of chromosomes, such as a human body cell
Homologous chromosomes: matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Tetrad: when homologous chromosomes pair there are four chromosomes next to each other; root word tetra means
four
Sister chromatids: duplicated chromosomes held together by a centromere
Crossing over: exchanging genetic information between homologous chromosomes while in a tetrad
Fertilization: the union of an egg and sperm
Zygote: a fertilized egg
Somatic cell: body cell (not gametes)
Autosomes: chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome
Sex chromosomes: chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual (In humans, males have XY and females have
XX sex chromosomes)
Vocabulary Application: Fill in the blanks below with the vocabulary from above. Words can be used more than once.
1. Another name for eggs or sperm is
.
2. An example of a
cell is a gamete since it only has half of a complete set of chromosomes.
3. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is
.
4.
cells have the diploid number of chromosomes. Most of these cells go through mitosis.
5. A fertilized egg, otherwise known as a
6. During
, while the haploid number found in human gametes is
, would contain
chromosomes.
, gametes are produced.
7. Since chromosomes are inherited from both parents, each somatic cell has matching pairs called
.
8. During
, an egg and a sperm come together to form a
9. Duplicated chromosomes held together by a centromere are called,
.
10. How many chromosomes make a tetrad?
11. What are the sex chromosomes for a male?
.
Female?
12. What word is used to describe chromosomes that do not determine sex?
Comparing/Contrasting Mitosis versus Meiosis: Some of the table is completed for you. Fill in the rest of the
information.
Mitosis
Purpose
Growth; regeneration of new
somatic cells (except ones in G0
phase)
Location in body
All somatic cells
Meiosis
Males:
Females:
Number of cell divisions
Total number of daughter cells
produced
Are the daughter cells identical or
not identical
Crossing over occurs or crossing
over does not occur
Change in chromosome number
None; starts with 46 chromosomes
in parent cell, ends with 46
chromosomes in each daughter
cell
Haploid cell (N) or diploid cell (2N)
Compare/contrast Mitosis and Meiosis.
1. What is the difference in chromosomal arrangement between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase 1
in meiosis?
2. What is the difference is chromosomal separation between anaphase in mitosis and anaphase 1 in
meiosis?
3. When in mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
4. When in meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
5. How many times does interphase occur in mitosis? Meiosis?
1. In the diagram above, it says that the chromosome number is conserved during the process of mitosis. What does
that mean? (HINT: How many chromosomes do you start with and end with during mitosis?)
2. In the diagram above, it says that during meiosis genetic variability occurs. What does this mean? What happens in
meiosis that causes genetic variability? (HINT: What happens when homologous chromosomes pair?)
3. If meiosis occurs in males, then the four haploid cells that are created will be
4. If meiosis occurs in females, then the four haploid cells that are created will be
5. If meiosis happens in a woman, will all four of the daughter cells be viable (useful) eggs?
5.a. How many of the cells will be used?
5.b. What are the discarded egg cells called?
How many will be discarded?
.
.
Meiosis results in 4 haploid daughter
cells that are not genetically identical to
the parent cell.
Mitosis results in 2 diploid
daughter cells that are genetically
identical to the parent cell.
The diagram above shows a cell with 2 chromosomes (1 pair). If we wanted this diagram to be
accurate for a human, how many chromosomes should be drawn?