NAME:____________________________ Class Period 2 3 4 5 6
BIG Test Review – answer these questions are a separate sheet of paper. Good luck! 
Minerals
1. To be a mineral, a substance must be what THREE things?
Rocks (study notes and “Rocks and Minerals Review Sheet” with concept map)
2. What is a rock?
3. What are the 3 types of Rocks?
4. How do scientists classify rocks? (Hint: grain _______________, __________________, and ________________)
Igneous:
5. Created from what?
6. What are the TWO types of igneous rocks?
7. Characterized by grain _______________.
8. An igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface is called a ____________________ igneous
rock, while an igneous rock formed from magma under Earth’s surface is called a ______________________
igneous rock.
9. Rocks that cool quickly have _______________________ grains which are hard to see, while rocks that cool
underground have __________________________________ grains which are easy to see.
10. An igneous rock that has cooled in TWO stages (a fast stage and a cool stage) is called a ___________________
igneous rock, which means it has small grains AND big grains.
Sedimentary:
11. What is the process called the in which sediments are settled out of water or wind?
12. What are the THREE types of sedimentary rocks?
13. When sediments are deposited in layers, the layers are called_________________________.
14. After rocks have been eroded into sediments and the sediments have been deposited, sedimentary rocks go
through what two processes?
15. What is the process called that chemical sedimentary rocks go through?
Metamorphic Rock:
16. What are the TWO types of metamorphic rocks?
17. Characterized by grain ______________________.
18. What does it mean to be foliated?
19. An igneous or sedimentary rock can be changed into a metamorphic rock when exposed to extreme
_________________ and ______________________.
Rock Cycle (Rock Cycle picture in notes and sponges)
You should look over the rock cycle picture that is found in your Rock Cycle Notes. Make sure that you could read that
chart and answer questions about how one type of rock would become another. For example:
 How does a sedimentary rock become a new sedimentary rock?
 How does a metamorphic rock become an igneous rock?
 How do sediments eventually become an igneous rock?
Relative Age (and 3 Unconformities and 3 Types of Folds) (Study notes and Picture in Sponge)
20. My sister is 14 years old is an example of an _____________________ age because I have an exact, definite age.
21. My brother is older than my sister is an example of a _________________ age because I am making a
comparison. I do not have an exact age of my brother.
22. What law states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the youngest are on the
top?
23. What are the TWO cross cutting features that we discussed?
24. If I have an intrusion going through a layer, which must be older – the layer or the intrusion? How do you know?
25. BE PREPARED TO LOOK AT A PICTURE OF LAYERS AND INTRUSIONS AND ANSWER QUESTIONS (SEE YOUR
RELATIVE AGE SPONGES FOR EXAMPLES).
26. What is contact metamorphism?
27. What is an unconformity?
28. List and describe the THREE types of unconformities we discussed. Draw pictures to help you.
29. Define and DRAW the THREE types of Folds: Monoclines, Anticlines, and Synclines
FOSSILS (Study notes and Fossils Review Sheet)
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
________________________ study fossils and reconstruct the appearance of animals.
What are fossils?
List and describe the FOUR types of Preservation.
What is an index fossil and how do scientists use them?
I found a fossil of a fly that is almost in its original form. What substance must this fly have been preserved in?
What do trace fossils tell us and what is an example of a trace fossil?
If an organism no longer exists, it is said to be _____________________. (Example: Dinosaurs)
Possible ESSAY questions? What do you think you should prepare for as an
essay question?
1.
2.
3.