Physiology 31 – Cellular Structure & Function Worksheet
To review cell structures and their functions, use your textbook and lab manual to fill in the
missing squares in the table.
Cell Structure
Plasma membrane
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth ER
- Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
Perixosomes
Centrioles
Inclusions (nonmembrane
bound substances)
Description
Function
Phospholipid bilayer studded
with proteins; surrounds the
cell
Large organelle surrounded by
a double layered, porous
nuclear envelope, and
containing chromosomes
Spherical organelle within the
nucleus
Tiny spherical bodies
composed of RNA & protein
Protein & lipid synthesis
Membranous tubes without
ribosomes
Membranous tubes with
ribosomes embedded
Stack of flattened
membranous sacs near the ER
Small, spherical bodies
containing acidic hydrolytic
enzymes
Small, spherical bodies
containing oxidase enzymes
Hotdog shaped bodies with
smooth outer membrane,
folded inner membrane, &
many respiratory enzymes
Paired cylindrical bodies near
the nucleus
Fibrous proteins including
microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, & microtubules
Provide cellular support and
movement
Some used as energy sources
Physiology 31
Histology = Tissues
The four main types of tissues are: Connective, Muscular, Epithelial, and Nervous (CMEN). The following table lists their key
characteristics and subcategories of the major tissue types. Incorporate this information into a concept map.
Major Tissue
Epithelial
Tissue
Connective
Tissue
Key Characteristics
Tightly joined cells that cover
body surfaces, line body tubes
& cavities, form glands.
Avascular & attached to CT
basement membrane. High
mitotic rate
Different cell types loosely
scattered in an Extra Cellular
Matrix; mostly vacular &
fibrous; supports and binds
other tissues together
Tissue subcategories
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Pseudostratified columnar
Transitional
Areolar CT
Adipose CT
Reticular CT
Dense Regular Fibrous CT
Dense Irregular Fibrous CT
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Osseus
Blood
Muscle
Tissue
Striated, multinucleate fibers
Skeletal Muscle
Striated, uninucleate fibers
Cardiac Muscle
Nonstriated, uninucleate fibers Smooth Muscle
Nervous
Tissue
Elongated cells with processes Neurons
extending from the cell body
Neuroglia
Some Locations
Alveoli, Bowman’s capsule
Epidermis, esophagus lining
Glands, kidney tubules
G. I. tract lining
Upper respiratory tract lining
Urinary bladder lining
Fascia, basement membrane
Hypodermis; covers organs
Lymphatic organs
Tendons & ligaments
Dermis, G I tract submucosa
Trachea, ends of bones
Ear pinna, epiglottis
Intervertebral discs, menisci
Bones
Circulatory system
Attached to bones
Heart myocardium
In walls of tubular organs
(e.g., GI, respiratory,
urogenital tracts)
Brain, spinal cord, ganglia &
peripheral nerves
Main Functions
Diffusion & Filtration
Protection
Secretion & Absorption
Secretion & Absorption
Secretion & Propulsion
Distension
Binds tissues together
Protects & insulates
Supports WBCs
Strong attachments
Support
Support & Lubrication
Flexible support
Compression resistant
Support & levers
RBCs – carry O2
WBCs - immunity
Gross body movement
Heartbeat
Movement of materials
thru tubular organs
Conduct nerve impulses
Support, nourish, protect
neurons