PROTEINS
Definitions:
Crude protein- Any feed ingredient that contains Nitrogen, usually
considered to contain amino acids, usually seen as % amino acids
Amino Acids- (a.a.) Building blocks of proteins; bonded together
by peptide bonds to form a.a. chains which results in a protein;
Any 2 or more amino acids bonded together form a protein- can be
simple or complex
Non-protein nitrogen- (NPN) Synthetic Nitrogen source that does
not contain amino acids; can only be utilized by ruminant animals,
not monogastrics
True protein- Feed source that contains only amino acids, this is a
man made compound too.
Crude protein equivalent- % crude protein, must be in a useable or
digestible form in the ration or diet
Amino Acids
Amino acids are the building blocks of all human and animals alike. They are composed
of the chemical elements_carbon___,__hydrogen___, and _oxygen____. All must
contain __nitrogen____ in the form of a _amino group_____,and two of them contain
__sulfur_____. They contain a carbon chain of C, H, and O which usually contains a
__carboxyl group___ which makes it an _acids___. (In the following example of an
amino acid, circle the skeletal carbon chain of c and H, box the amino group, and draw a
diamond around the carboxyl group.)
H HH HO
H-C-C-C-C-C-OH
H
H
H-C-H-NH
H
The amino acid ___Leucine__________
Essential amino acids are those which are required in the diet because: 1)__cannot be
produced in the animal’s
body_______________________________________________________
2)____cannot be produced in sufficient quantity______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Non-essential amino acids are those that are not required in diet, not because the body
does not require them but that they _the body can produce them______________.
Can essential amino acids be synthesized in the body?
___8 cannot be produced at all, 2 can be partially synthesized__________________
Dietary essential amino acids:
1.Phenylalanine
2.Valine
3.Tryptophan
4.Methionine
5.Arginine
6.Threonine
7.Histidine
8.Isoleucine
9.Leucine
10.Lysine
YOU MUST KNOW THESE 10 AMINO ACIDS AND THE CORRECT SPELLING!
There are _24____ cellular amino acids found in the body. __8___ of these cannot be
synthesized, _2____ can be partially synthesized, and __14___ can be completely
synthesized with the proper precursors.
Protein Quality- A high quality protein contains all the essential amino acids in the
correct amounts and in the proper ratio, so that when the animal consumes that protein
source, it will not be deficient in any of the amino acids required by the body for cellular
metabolism.
Balanced protein diet- ___Diet that contains all the required amino acids in the
correct ratio and amount___________________________________
Protein sources- Plant product and Animal products
1. Alfalfa, soybean meal
2. Bone meal, blood meal, fish meal
Which of the two is the most common source of protein?__Plant products___
Why is this one the most widely used?__CHEAPER________________
______________________________________________________________________