Phytochemical investigation of the gum resin of Tarenna asiatica
Authors from our side:
Sujatha P., Nagamani P., Ramabharathi V., Suryanarayana L., Appa Rao AVN.
Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of Tarenna asiatica led to the isolation of ______
flavones and ______ terpenoids.
Keywords: Tarenna asiatica, Rubiaceae, gum resin, flavonoids, terpenoids.
Introduction:
The genus Tarenna Gaertn. has about 370 species in tropical and subtropical Africa,
Asia, Madagascar and Pacific islands [1].
Tarenna asiatica (L.) Kuntze ex K. Shum, Rubiaceae, is a medium sized tree with
white flowers that grows in the southern states of India. The leaves of the plant are
claimed to be useful in skin diseases [2]. A gum resin oozes out the leaf buds of these
plants. The flavonoid corymbosin was isolated from the leaves of Webera corymbosa
which is a synonym of T. asiatica [3]. D-mannitol was reported from the roots of T.
asiatica [4]. Geniposidic acid, tarennoside and ixoside were reported from the methanolic
extract of the leaves and twigs of Tarenna kotoensis (Hayata) Masam which is equivalent
to T. asiatica (L.) Kuntze ex K. Schum. [5, 6].
Iridoid glycosides [7], mixed lignans-neolignans, chalcones [8] and lignan
glucosides [9] were reported from (whole plant of) T. attenuata. Cycloartane glycosides
were reported from the leaves of T. gracilipes [10-12]. Sesquiterpenes were reported
from the stem of T. madagascarensis [13].
Literature survey revealed that the gum resin oozing out from the leaf buds of T.
asiatica was not subjected to phytochemical investigation. Hence it was taken up. This is
the first report on the phytochemical investigations of this gum resin.
Experimental:
Gum Resin: Gum resin oozing out of the leaf buds of T. asiatica was collected from
trees growing in Narsampet, Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India in January 2012.
Voucher specimen is being maintained in the herbarium of University college of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal.
Extraction: 25 g of the gum resin was extracted with benzene (50 mL X 2) in a conical
flask and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator to give the benzene
extract which was dried in a desiccator (17 g).
Isolation: 17 g of the benzene extract of T. asiatica was chromatographed on siliga gel
using benzene, and benzene: acetone mixtures. Finally the column was washed with
methanol.
Benzene:acetone (90:10) eluates on concentration gave 2.5 g of a material. This
was rechromatographed on RP (C-18) silica gel using acetonitrile:water (50:50) to give
Ta-1 (110 mg) and Ta-2 (70 mg).
Benzene:acetone (85:15) eluates on concentration gave 3.1 g of a material. This
on rechromatography on normal phase silica gel and elution with benzene:acetone (94:6)
gave Ta-3 (80 mg) and Ta-4 (38 mg).
Benzene:acetone (80:20) eluates on concentration gave 3.3 g of a material.
Rechromatography of this on RP (C-18) silica gel using methanol:water (85:15) gave
TAC-6 (1.16 g).
Benzene:acetone (70:30) eluates on concentration gave a material which on
rechromatography on RP (C-18) silica gel using acetonitrile:water (60:40) gave TAC-7
(49 mg).
Benzene: acetone (60:40) eluates on concentration gave 8 g of a material. This on
rechromatography on RP (C-18) silica gel and elution with methanol:water (45:55) gave
TAC-1 (72 mg; M.P. 174-175). Elution of the column with methanol:water (60:40) gave
TAC-2 (82mg; M.P. 182-184).
Methanol wash of the column on concentration gave 1.70g of a material. This on
rechromatography on RP (C-18) silica gel and elution with acetonitrile:water (50:50)
gave TAC-3 (49mg) and TAC-4 (24mg).Elution with acetonitrile:water (60:40) gave
TAC-5 (80mg).
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