Philosophy
Module I. Philosophical, ontology and antropology
І. Text test tasks:
1. What does the Greek word “onto” mean?
A. dialectics
B. consciousness
C. cognition
D. *being
E. knowledge
2. What does the Greek “episteme” means?
A. dialectics
B. consciousness
C. cognition
D. being
E. *knowledge or science
3. What does the Greek word “logia” mean?
A. scientist
B. scientific
C. research
D. *science
E. subject
4.… is the study of being or existence
A. Epistemology
B. *Ontology
C. Neoplatonism
D. Metaphysics
E. Dualism
5.… describes or posits the basic categories and relationships of being or existence to define
entities and types of entities within its framework.
A. *Ontology
B. Epistemology
C. Neoplatonism
D. Metaphysics
E. Dualism
6.… studies conceptions of reality
A. Epistemology
B. *Ontology
C. Neoplatonism
D. Metaphysics
E. Dualism
7. … gives an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories
result.
A. *ontology
B. epistemology
C. neoplatonism
D. metaphysics
E. dualism
8. What do the philosophers of Platonic school contend?
A. All nouns belong to collections
B. All nouns belong to classes
C. All nouns belong to models
D. *All nouns belong to entities
E. All nouns belong to construction
9. What do the philosophers of Non-Platonic school contend?
A. All nouns refer to collections
B. All nouns refer to classes
C. All nouns refer to models
D. *All nouns refer to collections
E. All nouns refer to construction
10. Which ontological category refers to “collection of mental events experienced by a person”?
A. *mind
B. geometry
C. society
D. knowledge
E. being
11. Which ontological category refers to “collection of persons with some shared interactions”?
A. mind
B. geometry
C. *society
D. knowledge
E. being
12.Which ontological category refers to “collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity”?
A. mind
B. *geometry
C. society
D. knowledge
E. being
13. What is the basic question of ontology?
A. *What is there?
B. What is knowledge?
C. Where does knowledge come from?
D. Who creates knowledge?
E. Is there UFO?
14. What is the common approach in ontology?
A. to divide the nouns into groups
B. to divide the world into certain parts
C. *to divide the extant entities into groups called "categories"
D. to create one world religion
E. to find out what happiness is
15. The question ‘What is existence?’ refers to …
A. epistemology
B. *ontology
C. neoplatonism
D. metaphysics
E. dualism
16. The question “Is existence a property?” refers to …
A. epistemology
B. dualism
C. neoplatonism
D. metaphysics
E. *ontology
17. The question “What is a physical object?” refers to …
A. *ontology
B. dualism
C. neoplatonism
D. metaphysics
E. epistemology
18. “What constitutes the identity of an object?” refers to …
A. *ontology
B. dualism
C. neoplatonism
D. metaphysics
E. epistemology
19.The question “Why are we here? Why does anything exist, rather than nothing?” refers to …
A. neoplatonism
B. dualism
C. metaphysics
D. *ontology
E. epistemology
20.What do quintessential ontological concepts include?
A. subject and object
B. *universals and substance
C. time and space
D. society and individual
E. declarative sentences and propositions
21.Whose words: "He who possesses the highest knowledge with respect to one or another genus
must be able to express the most certain principles of the relevant subject, so that he, who treats
about Beings in so far as they are Beings, should be able to express the most certain principles of
all things. This is the philosopher"?
A. Plato
B. Kant
C. Marx
D. Socrates
E. *Aristotle
22.… is something that can be said to be
A. *Being
B. Knowledge
C. Category
D. Notion
E. Space
23.… also called bodies, or physical particulars, or concrete things, or matter, or maybe
substances
A. Time
B. Space
C. Propositions
D. *Physical objects
E. Events
24.… - those "parts" of us that think and perceive
A. Time
B. Space
C. Propositions
D. Physical objects
E. *Minds
25.Whose words “mind as distinct from the body”?
A. *Rene Descartes
B. Kant
C. Ficht
D. Hegel
E. Plato
26.“Concepts of the mental can be reduced to physical concepts” is the view of …
A. *materialism
B .dualism
C. materialism and dualism
D. constructivism
E. pragmatics
27.… is often regarded as equivalent, or nearly equivalent, in meaning to 'set'
A. Time
B. Space
C. *Class
D. Proposition
E. Property
28.Denying that classes and sets exist is the contemporary meaning of...?
A. *nominalism
B. dualism
C. materialism
D. physicalism
E. constructivism
29.… is called the quality or attribute of an object.
A. Time
B. Space
C. *Property
D. Proposition
E. Mind
30.The size, color, weight, composition, and so forth, of an object are called … of that object.
A. events
B. minds
C. propositions
D. relations
E. *properties
31. Universals existonce is the scholastic variant of …?
A. *nominalism
B. dualism
C. materialism
D. physicalism
E. constructivism
32.… are what physical objects are extended into.
A. properties
B. minds
C. *time and space
D. propositions
E. events
33. Many contemporary thinkers actually suggest that … is the fourth dimension.
A. space
B. *time
C. mind
D. event
E. property
34. There is debate as to whether … exists only in present
A. space
B. *time
C. mind
D. event
E. property
35. There is debate as to whether … is curved.
A. *space
B. time
C. mind
D. event
E. property
36.… are units of meaning.
A. Properties
B. Minds
C. Time and space
D. *Propositions
E. Events
37.… are just sets of words in languages that refer to propositions.
A. Properties
B. Minds
C. *Declarative sentences
D. Propositions
E. Events
38.… are thus ideas, a property of substances (minds), rather than a distinct ontological category.
A. Properties
B. Minds
C. *Declarative sentences
D. Propositions
E. Events
39. One declarative sentence can refer to many …
A. properties
B. minds
C. time and space
D. *propositions
E. events
40.… are that which can be said to occur.
A. Properties
B. Minds
C. Time and space
D. Propositions
E. *Events
41. Properties, relations, and classes are supposed to be …, rather than concrete.
A. different
B. physical
C. psychological
D. historical
E. *abstract
42. Who regarded Space and Time as nothing more than psychological facts about human
beings?
A. *David Hume
B. Kant
C. Webber
D. Marx
E. Socrates
43. Who argues over the existence of properties and relations?
A. dualists
B. materialists
C. constructivists
D. *realists
E. pragmatists
44.… is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge and belief.
A. *Epistemology
B. Ontology
C. Neoplatonism
D. Metaphysics
E. Dualism
45. Who introduced the term epistemology in English?
A. *James Frederick Ferrier
B. Ficht
C. Kant
D. David Hume
E. Max Webber
46.… focuses on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as
truth, belief, and justification.
A. *Epistemology
B. Ontology
C. Neoplatonism
D. Metaphysics
E. Dualism
47.…deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different
knowledge claims.
A. metaphysics
B. ontology
C. neoplatonism
D. *epistemology
E. dualism
48. The question ‘What is knowledge?’ refers to …
A. *epistemology
B. ontology
C. neoplatonism
D. metaphysics
E. dualism
49. The question ‘How is knowledge acquired?’ refers to …
A. neoplatonism
B. ontology
C. *epistemology
D. metaphysics
E. dualism
50. The question ‘What do people know?’ refers to …
A.*epistemology
B.ontology
C.neoplatonism
D.metaphysics
E.dualism
51. The first theories of knowledge stressed its … character
A. *absolute, permanent
B. universal
C. temporary
D. concrete
E. changing
52. The later theories of knowledge put the emphasis on its … or situation-dependence
A. *relativity
B. permanence
C. universal character
D. stability
E. independence
53. Who said that “knowledge is merely an awareness of absolute, universal Ideas or Forms”?
A. Aristotle
B. Socrates
C. *Plato
D. Kant
E. Marx
54. Who accepted that “knowledge is an apprehension of necessary and universal principles”?
A. *Aristotle
B. Socrates
C. Plato
D. Kant
E. Marx
55. Which main epistemological positions dominated in the philosophy of the Renaissance?
A. empiricism
B. rationalism
C. *empiricism and rationalism
D. materialism
E. dualism
56. What sees knowledge as the product of sensory perception?
A. *empiricism
B. rationalism
C. empiricism and rationalism
D. materialism
E. dualism
57. What sees knowledge as the product of rational reflection?
A. empiricism
B. *rationalism
C. empiricism and rationalism
D. materialism
E. dualism
58. According to … knowledge results from a kind of mapping or reflection of external objects,
through our sensory organs.
A. *empiricism
B. rationalism
C. empiricism and rationalism
D. materialism
E. dualism
59. Who said that “knowledge results from the organization of perceptual data on the basis of
inborn cognitive structures, which he calls "categories"”?
A. Aristotle
B. Socrates
C. Plato
D. *Kant
E. Marx
60.… epistemology does accept the subjectivity of basic concepts, like space and time, and the
impossibility to reach purely objective representations of things-in-themselves.
A. *Kantian
B. Hegelian
C. Socratic
D. Marxian
E. Fichtean
61. According to…, knowledge consists of models that attempt to represent the environment in
such a way as to maximally simplify problem-solving.
A. evolutionary epistemology
B. memetics
C. proper epistemology
D. constructivism
E. *pragmatic epistemology
62.… does not give a clear answer to the question where knowledge or models come from.
A. *Pragmatic epistemology
B. Memetics
C. Proper epistemology
D. Constructivism
E. Evolutionary epistemology
63.… assumes that all knowledge is built up from scratch by the subject of knowledge.
A. Pragmatic epistemology
B. Memetics
C. Proper epistemology
D. *Constructivism
E. Evolutionary epistemology
64. In … there is an implicit assumption that models are built from parts of other models and
empirical data on the basis of trial-and-error complemented with some heuristics or intuition.
A. *pragmatic epistemology
B. memetics
C. proper epistemology
D. constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
65. Which two approaches can be distinguished in constructivism?
A. proper and distinct
B. abstract and concrete
C. *individual and social
D. permanent and recurrent
E. dependent and independent
66.… assumes that an individual attempts to reach coherence among the different pieces of
knowledge.
A. Pragmatic epistemology
B. *Individual constructivism
C. Proper epistemology
D. Social constructivism
E. Evolutionary epistemology
67.… sees consensus between different subjects as the ultimate criterion to judge knowledge.
A. Pragmatic epistemology
B. Individual constructivism
C. Proper epistemology
D. *Social constructivism
E. Evolutionary epistemology
68. According to …, 'truth' or 'reality' will be accorded only to those constructions on which
most people of a social group agree.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. individual constructivism
C. proper epistemology
D. *social constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
69. According to …, knowledge is seen as largely independent of a hypothetical 'external reality'
or environment.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. memetics
C. proper epistemology
D. *constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
70. Who argues that the nervous system of organism cannot in any absolute way distinguish
between a perception and a hallucination?
A. John Ferrier
B. Hegel
C. Kant
D. Marx
E. *Maturana and Varela
71.… is caused by an external phenomenon.
A .Hallucination
B. Imagination
C. Attention
D. Event
E. *Perception
72.… is caused by a purely internal event.
A. *Hallucination
B. Imagination
C. Attention
D. Event
E. Perception
73.… puts much emphasis on the changing and relative character of knowledge, but it is still
absolute in the primacy it gives to either social consensus or internal coherence.
A. Pragmatic epistemology
B. Memetics
C. Proper epistemology
D. *Constructivism
E. Evolutionary epistemology
74. According to …, knowledge is constructed by the subject or group of subjects in order to
adapt to their environment in the broad sense.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. memetics
C. proper epistemology
D. constructivism
E. *evolutionary epistemology
75. According to …, knowledge contributes most to the survival and reproduction of the
subject(s) within their given environment.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. memetics
C. proper epistemology
D. constructivism
E. *evolutionary epistemology
76. According to …, knowledge is basically still a passive instrument developed by organisms in
order to help them in their quest for survival.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. memetics
C. Kantian epistemology
D. constructivism
E. *evolutionary epistemology
77. A proper epistemology may be called …
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. *memetics
C. proper epistemology
D. constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
78.… notes that knowledge can be transmitted from one subject to another, and thereby loses its
dependence on any single individual.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. *memetics
C. Kantian epistemology
D. constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
79. A piece of knowledge that can be transmitted or replicated is called …
A. event
B. mind
C. *meme
D. construction
E. evolution
80. According to …, the death of an individual carrying a certain meme now no longer implies
the elimination of that piece of knowledge.
A. pragmatic epistemology
B. *proper epistemology
C. Kantian epistemology
D. constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
81. According to …, the subject of knowledge has lost his primacy, and knowledge becomes a
force of its own with proper goals and ways of developing itself.
A. *proper epistemology
B. pragmatic epistemology
C. Kantian epistemology
D. constructivism
E. evolutionary epistemology
82. From … approach, knowledge is constructed by individuals or society.
A. memetic
B. evolutionary
C. pragmatic
D. *constructivist
E. Kantian
83. … approach sees society and even individuality as byproducts constructed by an ongoing
evolution of independent fragments of knowledge competing for domination.
A.* Memetic
B. Evolutionary
C. Pragmatic
D. Constructivist
E. Kantian
84. According to … theory, knowledge is merely an image of external objects and their relations.
A. naturalism
B. dualism
C. evolutionary
D. *reflection-correspondence
E. pragmatic
85. Who said that “psychology should restrict itself to examining the relation between
observable stimuli and observable behavioural responses”?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. *J. B. Watson
C. George Miller
D. Herbert Simon
E. Noam Chomsky
86. Who proposed that memory limitations can be overcome by recoding information into
chunks, mental representations that require mental procedures for encoding and decoding the
information?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. J. B. Watson
C. *George Miller
D. Herbert Simon
E. Noam Chomsky
87. Who rejected behaviourist assumptions about language as a learned habit and proposed
instead to explain language comprehension in terms of mental grammars consisting of rules?
A. Wilhelm Wundt
B. J. B. Watson
C. George Miller
D. Herbert Simon
E. *Noam Chomsky
88. Who introduced the term “ontology”?
A. Kant
B. Skovoroda
C. *Hoklinius
D. Hegel
E. Ficht
89.When was the term “ontology” introduced?
A. *in 17th century
B. in 18th century
C. in 16th century
D. in 20th century
E. in 21th century
90. Which form of being does “being of things and processes, produced by a man” belong to?
A. *being of things and processes
B. being of a man
C. being of God
D. social being
E. spiritual being
91. Which form of being does “being of a man in the world of objects” belong to?
A. being of things and processes
B. *being of a man
C. being of God
D. social being
E. spiritual being
92. Which form of being does “individual, spiritual” belong to?
A. being of things and processes
B. being of a man
C. being of God
D. social being
E. *spiritual being
93. Which form of being does “being of a man in the society” belong to?
A. being of things and processes
B. being of a man
C. being of God
D. *social being
E. spiritual being
94. Which form of being does mythology belong to?
A. being of things and processes
B. being of a man
C. being of God
D. social being
E. *spiritual being
95. Which types of consciousness do you know?
A. individual and spiritual
B. theoretical and esthetic
C. *individual, group and social
D. locomotive and sensory
E. intellectual and moral
96. Whose words are: “Cogito ergo sunt” (I think means I live)?
A. *Rene Descartes
B. Hegel
C .Kant
D. Socrates
E. Plato
97. How did the representatives of ancient Greek philosophy treat “substance”?
A. *as corpuscles (atoms) bodies are made from
B. as a philosophical category
C. as everything that can be rationally explained
D. as everything that can be perceived
E. as an absolute category
98. Who was the first in the history of philosophy who studied the ratio of consciousness and
unconsciousness?
A. *Freud
B. Rene Descartes
C. Hegel
D. Ficht
E. Kant
99. The ability to create mental images or pictures is called …
A. perception
B. *imagination
C. reflection
D. consciousness
E. genetics
100. The reflection of separate properties of the objects of real world with the help of our sense
organs is …
A. affect
B. will
C. *sense
D .imagination
E. perception
101. Mental power by which one can direct one’s thoughts and actions or influence those of
others is …
A. affect
B. *will
C. sense
D. imagination
E. perception
102. The ability to see, hear or understand things is …
A. affect
B. will
C. sense
D. imagination
E. *perception
103. A strong feeling of any kind is …
A. affect
B. *emotion
C. sense
D. imagination
E. perception
104. Where did dialectics originate from?
A. *ancient Greek philosophy
B. the Middle Ages
C. the Renaissance
D. the Enlightment
E. German classic philosophy
105. Who represented dialectics as theoretical system?
A. Marx
B. Ficht
C. Descartes
D. *Hegel
E. Plato
106. What is the objective dialectics?
A. *one that lives in the very objects
B. one that lives in the person’s thinking
C. one that is unchangeable
D. one that was developed by Hegel
E. there is no correct answer
107. What is the subjective dialectics?
A. one that lives in the very objects
B. *one that lives in the person’s thinking
C. one that is unchangeable
D. one that was developed by Hegel
E. there is no correct answer
108. Which dialectic law explains the appearance of new species of animals and plants?
A. *the law of transformation quantity into quality
B. the law of interpenetration of opposites
C. the law of the negation of the negation
D. all the answers are correct
E. there is no correct answer
109. Which dialectic law explains the development of a man and his language?
A. *the law of transformation quantity into quality
B. the law of interpenetration of opposites
C. the law of the negation of the negation
D. all the answers are correct
E. there is no correct answer
110. Which dialectic law explains the political changes in the society?
A. *the law of transformation quantity into quality
B. the law of interpenetration of opposites
C. the law of the negation of the negation
D. all the answers are correct
E. there is no correct answer
111. A special quality or characteristic that something has is …
A. quantity
B. quality
C. *property
D. measure
E. space
112. The measurement of something by stating how much there is of it, an amount or number of
something is …
A. *quantity
B. quality
C. property
D. measure
E. space
113. The standard of something when compared to other things like it, how good or bad
something is …
A. quantity
B. *quality
C. property
D. measure
E. space
114. Who is the creator of the law of the negation of the negation?
A. Freud
B. Marx
C. Ficht
D. *Hegel
E. Kant
115. Who introduced the term “metaphysics” in philosophy?
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. *Aristotle
D. Lenin
E. Skovoroda
116. Quintessential ideas about knowledge in dialectics called…
A. categories
B. *principles
C. forms
D. laws
E. ration
117. What is the philosophical study of determination of phenomena by other phenomena?
A. dialectics
B. metaphysics
C. *determinism
D. dualism
E. nominalism
118. According to …, all phenomena in the world are planned in advance and the possibility of
chance is rejected.
A. determinism
B. *fatalism
C. formalism
D. indeterminism
E. providencialism
119. According to …, the world is complete chaos and all phenomena in the world are accidental
and chaotic.
A. determinism
B. *fatalism
C. formalism
D. indeterminism
E. providencialism
120. What was dialectics in antique philosophy?
A. *the art of debate
B. alternative style of thinking
C. the development of the “absolute idea”
D. the study of the objective world
E. the theory of scientific cognition
121. What is the main antipode of dialectics?
A. *metaphysics
B. pantheism
C. cosmocentrism
D. anthropocentrism
E. infantilism
122. Who was the first to use the term “metaphysics” as an antipode of dialectics
A. Marx
B. Ficht
C. Kant
D. Plato
E.* Hegel
123. Which philosophical conception rejects everything old, completely destroying it and
changes it into something new?
A. *metaphysics
B. pantheism
C. cosmocentrism
D. anthropocentrism
E. infantilism
124. Who is the author of “Negative dialectics”?
A. Hegel
B. Marx
C. Sartre
D. *Adorno
E. Plato
125. Who is the author of “Critique of dialectic mind”?
A. Hegel
B. Marx
C. *Sartre
D. Adorno
E. Plato
126. Who were the representatives of “negative dialectics”?
A. Lenin, Plekhanov
B. Marx, Engels
C. *Adorno, Sartre
D. Hegel, Ficht
E. Socrates, Plato
127. Who introduced the classic definition of truth?
A. Hegel
B. Marx
C. Sartre
D. *Aristotle
E. Plato
128. What are two levels in cognition?
A. inductive and deductive
B. *empirical and theoretical
C. rational and theoretical
D. empirical and rational
E. inductive and empirical
129. What does Latin word scire stand for?
A. to perceive
B. to understand
C. to exist
D. to live
E. *to know
130. What do empirists determine as the quintessential source of knowledge?
A. mind
B. practice
C. *senses
D. truth
E. God
131. What do rationalists determine as the quintessential source of knowledge?
A. *mind
B. practice
C. senses
D. truth
E. God
132. Who are the representatives of empirism?
A. Descartes, Leibnitz
B. Lenin, Plato
C. *Bacon, Didro
D. Sartre, Kant
E. Hegel, Freud
133. Who are the representatives of rationalism?
A. *Descartes, Leibnitz
B. Lenin, Plato
C. Bacon, Didro
D. Sartre, Kant
E. Hegel, Freud
134. Who introduced the first philosophical conception of being?
A. Aristotle
B. *Pre-socratics
C. Hegel
D. Leibnitz
E. Medieval philosophy
135. Who contradicted empirical being to “pure ideas” in the antique philosophy?
A. *Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. Bacon
E. Dante
136. Who created the study of different levels of being - from empirical to spiritual in the
antique philosophy?
A. Plato
B. *Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. Bacon
E. Dante
137. Which philosophical category has “the law of transformation quantity into quality”?
A. *dialectics
B. consciousness
C. cognition
D. energy
E. negation
138. What does the Greek word “dialektik” mean?
A. dialectics
B. *art of debate
C. thesis
D. antithesis
E. quality
139. The way to show that a given hypothesis leads to a contradiction; thus, forcing the
withdrawal of the hypothesis as a candidate for truth is called …
A. the Plato’s method
B. the Hegelian method
C. the Aristotle’s method
D. the Marxian method
E. *the Socratic method
140. Who wrote the book “Logic”?
A. Marx
B. *Hegel
C. Bacon
D. Aristotle
E. Socrates
141. What are Being and Nothing united as? (according to Hegel)
A. thesis
B. antithesis
C. cognition
D. *becoming
E. consciousness
142. How many laws of dialectics are there?
A. 1
B. 2
C. *3
D. 5
E. 12
143. Which philosophical category is originally derived from the Latin con (with) and scire (to
know)?
A. *consciousness
B. dialectics
C. thesis
D. antithesis
E. synthesis
144. Which branch of philosophy is concerned with the ultimate nature of reality
A. physics
B. *metaphysics
C. dialectics
D. antique philosophy
E. medieval philosophy
145. Which metaphysical view states that the mind is the brain, or, more accurately, that
conscious mental activity is identical with neural activity?
A. dualism
B. *materialism
C. Marxism
D. metaphysics
E. Leninism
146. Who brought about the near universal acceptance of the existence of unconscious mental
states and processes?
A. Marx
B. Hegel
C. Bacon
D. *Freud
E. Socrates
147.Which philosophical category has “the law of interpenetration of opposites”?
A. *dialectics
B. consciousness
C. cognition
D. energy
E. negation
148. What are two broad traditional and competing metaphysical views concerning the nature of
mind and conscious mental states?
A. thesis and antithesis
B. *dualism and materialism
C. being and nothing
D. consciousness and unconsciousness
E. vice and virtue
149. Which philosophical category has “the law of negation of negation”?
A. negation
B. consciousness
C. cognition
D. energy
E. *dialectics
150. Who wrote “The Euthyphro”?
A. Marx
B. Hegel
C. Bacon
D. Aristotle
E. *Socrates
151. Who does “the idea of contradiction, with class struggle playing the central role in social
and political life” belong to?
A. *Marx
B. Hegel
C. Bacon
D. Aristotle
E. Socrates
152. One’s ability to know and perceive is…
A. dialectics
B. *consciousness
C. cognition
D. energy
E. negation
153. Who argued that “the mind is a non-physical substance distinct from the body”?
A. Marx
B. Hegel
C. Leibnitz
D. *Descartes
E. Socrates
154. Who does the dialectic method of cross-examination belong to?
A. Marx
B. Hegel
C. Leibnitz
D. Descartes
E. *Socrates
155. Which metaphysical view states that the conscious mind or a conscious mental state is nonphysical?
A. *dualism
B. materialism
C. Marxism
D. metaphysics
E. Leninism
156. Who recognized the existence of basically unconscious perceptions and also importantly
distinguished between perception and apperception?
A. Marx
B. Hegel
C. *Leibnitz
D.Descartes
E. Socrates
157. In which religion can “the idea of the three phases of creation, maintenance of order and
destruction or disorder” be found?
A. Christianity
B. Buddhism
C. *Hinduism
D. Islam
E. Judaism
158. The exchange of propositions (theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses) resulting in a
synthesis of the opposing assertions is …
A. negation
B. consciousness
C. cognition
D. energy
E. *dialectics
159. Whose dialectic was presented in a threefold manner comprising three dialectical stages of
development: a thesis, an antithesis and a synthesis
A. *Hegelian
B. Marxian
C. Fichtean
D. Plato’s
E. Socrates’
160. Who has attacked the notion of dialectic?
A. *Karl Popper
B. Marx
C. Hegel
D. Aristotle
E. Socrates
161. Dialectic is an exchange of propositions and counter-propositions resulting in …of the
opposing assertions
A. art
B. dialogue
C. disagreement
D. discussion
E. *synthesi
162. What is the aim of the dialectical method?
A. *to try to resolve the disagreement through discussion
B. to try to resolve the disagreement through scientfic
C. to try to resolve the disagreement through linguistic
D. to try to resolve the disagreement through philoslphical
E. to try to resolve the disagreement through logical
163. The idea of the three phases of creation can be found in …
A. religion
B. Chaos theory
C. Vishnu
D. *Hinduism
E. Socratic dialectic
164. Complete the model “thesis - … - synthesis”
A. *antithesis
B. dialectics
C. dialectics method
D. existence
E. coexistence
165. What is at the heart of Marxist dialectics?
A. the idea of development
B. the idea of consciousness
C. the idea of coexistence
D. the idea of existence
E. *the idea of contradiction
166. Who attacked the dialectical method?
A. Marx
B. *Karl Popper
C. Hegel
D. Plato
E. Socrates
167. Is the work … Hegel describes a dialectic of existence
A. Euthyphro
B. Critique of pure mind
C. critique of negative dialectics
D. What is Dialectic?
E. *Logic
168. Who is the author of “Logic”?
A. Plato
B. Poper
C. Marx
D. Engels
E. *Hegel
169.… dialectic was presented in three dialectic stages of development?
A. Marxian
B. Socratic
C. Plato’s
D. Engels’
E. *Hegelian
170. What representatives of Hindu dialectic do you know?
A. *Engels, Stewart
B. Marx, Stewart
C. Hegel, Marx
D. Hegel, Engels, Stewart
E. Sociates, Engels
171. The term “dialectic” owes much to its role in the … of Socrates and Plato
A. *philosophy
B. sociology
C. politology
D. culture
E. history
172. Who wrote a paper entitled “What is Dialectic”?
A. Plato
B. Socrates
C. Hegel
D. Karl Marx
E. *Karl Popper
173. What is a method of presentation of ideas or conclusion?
A. antitheses
B. synthesis
C. dialectics
D. alternative
E. *thesis
174. In the Logic Hegel describes a dialectic of …
A. *existence
B. coexistence
C. relationship
D. philosophy
E. harmony
175. What religious writings were the oldest philosophical literature in the world?
A. writings of Ancient Rome
B. writings of Ancient Greece
C. writings of Ancient Egypt
D. *writings of Ancient India
E. writings of Ancient Mesopotamia
176. In the mid-nineteenth century, the concept of “dialectic” was appropriated by Marx and …
A. Popper
B. Hegel
C. Socrates
D. Plato
E. *Engels
177. Where can certain dialectical elements be found in Hinduism?
A. existence
B. *embryo
C. coexistence
D. perception
E. conclusion
178. Who was the author of Chaos Theory?
A. Plato
B. Popper
C. Socrates
D. *an Stewart
E. Marx
179. Antithesis contradicts or negates the …
A. manner
B. stage
C. *thesis
D. synthesis
E. tension
180.… view dialectics as a frame work for development in which contradiction plays the central
role as the source of development.
A. Plato
B. Hindu
C. *Marxists
D. Hegelian
E. Socrates
181. What does dialectic mean from Greek?
A. *art of debate
B. discussion
C. dialectics
D. communication
E. existence
182. Who described dialectics of existence?
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. *Hegel
D. Marx
E. Engels
183. What does the word consciousness mean from Latin?
A. human being
B. to perceive
C. cognitive theory
D. conscious
E. *con (with) and scire (to know)
184. Aristotle was a student of …
A. *Plato
B. Marx
C. Socrate
D. Leibniz
E. Freud
185. What is the branch of philosophy concerned with the ultimate nature of reality?
A. naturalism
B. dualism
C. *materialism
D. rationalism
E. metaphysics
186. John Locke held a similar position regarding the connection between mentality and ..
A. *consciousness
B. conscience
C. dualism
D. reality
E. nature
187. How many metaphysical views do you know?
A. 42
B. 32
C. 12
D. 20
E. *2
188. G.W.Leibniz distinguished between … and apperception.
A. coexistence
B. existence
C. self-consciousness
D. consciousness
E. *perception
189. Rene Descartes did not believe in the existence of unconscious mental ...
A. *states
B. existence
C. perception
D. self-consciousness
E. views
190. Who was the representative of the theory of mind?
A. Plato
B. Rene Descartes
C. John Locke
D. Leibnitz
E. *Immanuel Kant
191. Dualism and materialism are notions of …
A. perception
B. consciousness
C. politology
D. philosophy
E. *metaphysics
192. What is the central issue in philosophy of mind?
A. problem of senses
B. problem of properties
C. problem of mental state
D. problem of cognition
E. *problem of consciousness
193. Who was the author of elaborate theory?
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. *Immanuel Kant
D. Leibnitz
E. Freud
194. According to …, conscious mental activity is identical with neural activity
A. dualism
B. *materialism
C. naturalism
D. realism
E. relativism
195. According to …, conscious mind is not physical, it seems more plausible to believe in the
possibility of life after bodily death.
A. *dualism
B. materialism
C. naturalism
D. realism
E. relativism
196.… comes from minimal bodily self-awareness to the ability to reason and reflect on one’s
own mental states, such as one’s beliefs and desires.
A. *Self-consciousness
B. Social consciousness
C. Cognition
D. Knowledge
E. Consciousness
197. Who defined “thinking” very broadly to include virtually every kind of mental state and
urged that consciousness is essential to thought?
A. *Rene Descartes
B. Plato
C. Kant
D. Hegel
E. Leibnitz
198. Who roughly distinguished the difference between outer-directed consciousness and selfconsciousness?
A. Rene Descartes
B. Plato
C. Kant
D. Hegel
E. *Leibnitz
199. According to …, the wholeness of history is one dialectic, major stages of which chart a
progression from self-alienation to self-unification.
A. Rene Descartes
B. Plato
C. Kant
D. *Hegel
E. Leibnitz
200. What definition of philosophy seems to you the most appropriate?
A. *Philosophy is love of wisdom
B. Philosophy is a state of soul
C. Philosophy is a science of sciences
D. Philosophy is a study about a man
E. Philosophy is wisdom of love
201. What are two kinds of reason?
A. Practical and empirical
B. Theoretical and empirical
C. Historical and theoretical
D. *Practical and theoretical
E. Spiritual and material
202. Gnoseology (epistemology) is …
A. the study of being
B. *a theory of knowledge, study of the essence, forms and principles of cognition and
thinking
C. the study of sources, essence and laws of development
D. the study of man
E. the study of values, including Aesthetics, Ethics and political philosophy
203. Metaphysics is …
A. the study of being
B. *it is concerned with such issues as the nature of the ultimate reality, philosophy of
religion, philosophy of mind, personal identity, freedom of will and immortality
C. the study of values, including Aesthetics, Ethics and political philosophy
D. the study of sources, essence and laws of development
E. a theory of knowledge, study of the essence, forms and principles of cognition and
thinking
204. Ontology is …
A. *the study of being
B. the study of sources, essence and laws of development
C. the study of the laws of thought and forms of argument
D. a theory of knowledge, study of the essence, forms and principles of cognition and
thinking
E. the study of values, including Aesthetics, Ethics and political philosophy
205. Philosophical anthropology is …
A. the study of being
B. the study of sources, essence and laws of development
C. a theory of knowledge, study of the essence, forms and principles of cognition and
thinking
D. *the study of man
E. the study of values, including Aesthetics, Ethics and political philosophy
206. Axiology is …
A. *the study of values, including Aesthetics, Ethics and political philosophy
B. a theory of knowledge, study of the essence, forms and principles of cognition and
thinking
C .the study of sources, essence and laws of development
D. the study of being
E. the study of the laws of thought and forms of argument
207. Logic is …
A. *the study of the laws of thought and forms of argument
B. the study of being
C. the study of sources, essence and laws of development
D. the study of values, including Aesthetics, Ethics and political philosophy
E. a theory of knowledge, study of the essence, forms and principles of cognition and
thinking
208. It is a vision of the world from an only-center position of a man.
A. Science
B. Society
C. Thought
D. *Outlook
E. Nation
209. What are the constituent elements of outlook?
A. Basic components and basics levels of outlook
B. *Basic components of outlook, basic levels and forms and historical types of outlook
C. Basic levels and forms and historical types of outlook
D. Basic forms and historical types of outlook
E. Main components of outlook and basic levels of outlook
210.… is the self-consciousness of a tribe, where development of the individual self-
consciousness is not observed. What is this?
A. Syncretism
B. *Mythology
C. Animism
D. Outlook
E. Fetishism
211. Perception of the world where reality and illusion, natural and supernatural, objective and
subjective are based, is one of the essential features of the mythological outlook. What does it
mean?
A. *Syncretism
B. Mythology
C. Animism
D. Outlook
E. Fetishism
212. What is dualism?
A. *Understanding of a man from 2 viewpoints
B. Understanding of a man from 3 viewpoints
C. Understanding of a man from 4 viewpoints
D. Understanding of a man from 5 viewpoints
E. There is no correct answer
213. Who was the first that mentioned the term “philosophy”?
A. Aristotle
B. Socrates
C. *Pythagoras
D. Plato
E. Epicures
214. What is a function of philosophy that is directed at comprehension of integrity of the world,
at cognition of the background and preconditions of interconnection between man and the world,
at systemic-theoretical, logical-consequent and argumentative solution of outlook problems?
A. Practical
B. *Cognitive
C. Methodological
D. Critical
E. Mythological
215. The main … task of philosophy is to ground and prove truth in the scientific cognition.
A. *methodological
B. cognitive
C. critical
D. practical
E. mythological
216.… function proves philosophy to be able to influence the formation both of mass outlook
and outlook position of an individual.
A. Cognitive
B. Critical
C. Methodological
D. *Vital-practical
E. Mythological
217.… outlook appeared in the period of decay of the tribal system society.
A. *Religious
B. Mythology
C. Methodological
D. Philosophical
E. Methodical
218. A person’s attitude to life; a view; what is likely to happen in future is …
A. criticism
B. practice
C. *outlook
D. consciousness
E. theory
219. What are three historical types of outlook?
A. *Mythological, religious, philosophical
B. Methodological, religious, philosophical
C. Religious, practical, mythological
D. Empirical, methodological, theoretical
E. There is no correct answer
220. Who distinguished 4 main philosophical questions: 1) What can I know? 2) What should I
do? 3) What can I expect? 4) What is man?
A. F. Bacon
B. *I. Kant
C. F. Engels
D. K. Marx
E. A. Comte
221. Who is one of the founders of the Marxism?
A. I. Kant
B. F. Bacon
C. *F. Engels
D. Voltaire
E. A. Comte
222. Etymologically from the Greek philos means …
A. wisdom
B. friendship
C. respect
D. *lover
E. sympathy
223. Etymologically from the Greek sophia means …
A. *wisdom
B. friendship
C. respect
D. lover
E. sympathy
224. History plays … role with regard to philosophy, for not only do philosophers do philosophy
while teaching the history of philosophy, but they also involve themselves in the critical
examination of the principles that underlie historical investigation itself, creating a philosophy of
history.
A. *dialectical
B. practical
C. theoretical
D. empirical
E. methodological
225. "… Rules of Philosophy".
A. Eight
B. Nine
C. *Ten
D. Five
E. Twelve
226. "Man" and "the world" are the key notions of …
A. Love
B. Philosophy
C. Science
D. Nation
E. *Outlook
227. Basic components of outlook are …
A. vital-practical and theoretical constituent elements
B. *cognitive, value and motivating-active constituent elements
C. mythological, religious and philosophical constituent elements
D. methodological, religious and philosophical constituent elements
E. there is no correct answer
228. Basic levels of outlook are …
A. *vital-practical and theoretical constituent elements
B. cognitive, value and motivating-active constituent elements
C. mythological, religious and philosophical constituent elements
D. methodological, religious and philosophical constituent elements
E. there is no correct answer
229. Forms and historical types of outlook are …
A. vital-practical and theoretical constituent elements
B. cognitive, value and motivating-active constituent elements
C. *mythological, religious and philosophical constituent elements
D. methodological, religious and philosophical constituent elements
E. there is no correct answer
230 .… is represented as a sum of ideas and knowledge about the world in general and the place
of man in it.
A. Value component
B. Motivating-active component
C. Philosophical component
D. Component of outlook
E. *Component of cognition
231. … of outlook proves the one to be not only a sum of knowledge but also the reference of a
man to the world, others and oneself.
A. *Value component
B. Motivating-active component
C. Philosophical component
D. Component of cognition
E. Component of outlook
232.… is directed at realization of the man's own position in life. It consists of the program of
behavior, life projects and orders.
A. Value component
B. *Motivating-active component
C. Philosophical component
D. Component of cognition
E. Component of outlook
233. The specific feature of the … is fixed in the very etymology of the word "religion" that in
Latin means "object to worship" or the service and worship of God or the supernatural.
A. mythological outlook
B. philosophical outlook
C. general outlook
D. scientific outlook
E. *religious outlook
234. Who described Philosophy as “nothing but the true knowledge of things”?
A. *J. Locke
B. I. Kant
C. H. Spencer
D. G. Hegel
E. T. Shevchenko
235. As used originally by the ancient Greeks, the term … meant the pursuit of knowledge for its
own sake.
A. culture
B. ontology
C. axiology
D. *philosophy
E. epistemology
236. Discipline that attempts to express the content of a religious faith as a coherent body of
propositions is …
A. *theology
B. ethics
C. axiology
D. culture
E. philosophy
237. Idea about personal God-creation. What’s definition?
A. *Impersonal Absolute
B.I llusion
C. Mythology
D. Animism
E. Animalism
238. The first Christians appeared in …
A. 2 – 3 c. AD
B. 4 – 5 c. AD
C. 2 – 1 c. BC
D. 3– 4 c. AD
E. *1 – 2 c. AD
239. Teaching about God is …
A. *Theology
B. Mythology
C. Metaphysics
D. History
E. Dialectics
240. The idea of a single God is …
A. Creationism
B. Anthropocentrism
C. *Theocentrism
D. Spirituality
E. Faith
241. Christian world outlook stands for the idea of creation of the world out of nothing.
A. Theocentrism
B. Faith
C. *Creationism
D. Spirituality
E. Symbolism
242. World outlook considered man not only as a natural and physical creature but also as a
spiritual personality. Antique philosophy came to conclusion about existence of body and soul in
the human nature.
A. Anthropocentrism
B. *Spirituality
C. Faith
D. Creationism
E. Symbolism
243. Christianity defines it as a special state of human soul.
A. *Faith
B. Spirituality
C. Creationism
D. Theocentrism
E. Anthropocentrism
244. Christian scholar, who translated the Bible from Hebrew into Latin (the version known as
the Vulgate).
A. *St. Jerome
B. St. Ambrose
C. St. Anselm
D. St. Basil
E.There is no correct answer
245. The study of God and religious belief; a system of religious beliefs and theory is …
A. Metaphysics
B. Dialectics
C. *Theology
D. History
E. There is no correct answer
246. The belief that nothing has any values, especially religious and moral principles …
A. *Nihilism
B. Existentialism
C. Empirism
D. Romanticism
E. There is no correct answer
247. A philosophical theory, which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as free
agents, responsible for their own development, is …
A. Empirism
B. Nihilism
C. *Existentialism
D. Romanticism
E. There is no correct answer
248. A system of philosophy that recognize only things that can be scientifically or logically
proved is …
A. Existentialism
B. *Positivism
C. Nihilism
D. Romanticism
E. There is no correct answer
249. The art of investigating or debating the truth of options is …
A. *Dialectic
B. Communication
C. Verification
D. Metaphysics
E. There is no correct answer
250. According to Marquit philosophy of Hegel, Engels and Lenin is the idealist form of …
A. Metaphysics
B. *Dialectic
C. Practice
D. Idealism
E. There is no correct answer
251. In Hinduism, certain … elements can be found in embrio, such as idea of the three phases of
creation (Brahma), maintence of order (Vishnu) and destruction or disorder (Shiva).
A. *Dialectical
B. Metaphysical
C. General
D. Natural
E. There is no correct answer
252. In the Logic Hegel describes a dialectic of … .
A. Consciousness
B. Practice
C. *Existence
D. Philosophy
E. There is no correct answer
253. Whose is this model: “thesis – antithesis – synthesis”?
A. *Hegel
B. Kant
C. Marx
D. Engels
E. Fichte
254. In philosophy, method of investigating the nature of truth by critical analysis of concepts
and hypotheses.
A. *Dialectic
B. Logic
C. Ontology
D. Anthropology
E. Axiology
255. At the heart of … dialectics is the idea of contradiction, with class struggle playing the
central role in social and political life.
A. *Marxist
B. Fichtean
C. Hegelian
D. Buddhist
E. There is no correct answer
256.… means the study of God (or the gods) and questions about the divine.
A. Ontology
B. *Theology
C. Universal science
D. Physics
E. There is no correct answer
257.… is a philosopher who views the world in terms of completely opposites and the
interactions thereof.
A. Metaphysician
B. *Dialectician
C. Sociologist
D. Empiricist
E. There is no correct answer
258. Historically, dialecticians and dialectical thought have been primarily associated with …
A. *Marxism
B. Darwinism
C. Empirism
D. Positivism
E. There is no correct answer
259. One of the earliest examples of the dialectical method was the Dialogues of Greek
philosopher …, in which the author sought to study truth through discussion in the form of
questions and answers.
A. Socrates
B. *Plato
C. Epicures
D. Plotinus
E. Aristotle
260. Who divided philosophy into dialectics, ethics and physics?
A. Plotinus
B. Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. *Plato
E. There is no correct answer
261. Philosophical theory of cognition, epistemology is …
A. *Gnoseology
B. Ontology
C. Anthropology
D. Anthropocentrism
E. There is no correct answer
262. The ability of the mind to be creative or solve problems; the ability to form ideas or images
in the mind is …
A. Creativity
B. *Imagination
C. Faith
D. Cognition
E. There is no correct answer
263. This science studies problems of the nature of cognitive activity and possibilities, relation of
knowledge to reality, defines conditions of liability is …
A. Dialectic
B. *Gnoseology
C. Ontology
D. Axiology
E. There is no correct answer
264. A part of objective reality, only the fragment that is included into human activity and
cognition is …
A. Task
B. Aim
C. *Object
D. Subject
E. Goal
265. A synthetic complex of feeling of different kind that enables to create integral image of the
subject, perceive information about the object in its integrity is …
A. *Perception
B. Sensory
C. Imagination
D. Feeling
E. There is no correct answer
266. The power of reasoning and understanding objectively; a person’s mental power is …
A. Work
B. *Intellect
C. Misunderstanding
D. Knowledge
E. There is no correct answer
267. The quality or character of a person or thing that makes them different from others is …
A. Personality
B. *Individuality
C. Communication
D. Stereotype
E. There is no correct answer
268. The qualities that form a person’s character, qualities that make someone interesting or
popular is …
A. *Personality
B. Individuality
C. Man
D. Stereotype
E. There is no correct answer
269. The ability to grow, breathe, reproduce, etc. that distinguishes animals and planets from
objects; the existence of an individual human being or animal is …
A. Death
B. Cognition
C. *Life
D. Being
E. There is no correct answer
270. The action or fact of dying; an instance of a person or an animal dying; the end of
something is …
A. Life
B. Being
C. Cognition
D. *Death
E.There is no correct answer
271. The power or right to act, speak, or think; the state of not being subject to or affected by
(something undesirable) is …
A. *Freedom
B. Will
C. Despotism
D. Terrorism
E. There is no correct answer
272. Who is one of the founders of the Marxism?
A. There is no correct answer
B. Voltaire
C. F. Bacon
D. I. Kant
E. *F. Engels
ІІ. Situational problem:
1. Bacon considered consciousness illusions – “…” to be the main obstacles.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
*idols
monads
maya
atoms
ideas
2. Brain processing of the facts which accumulate with experience.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
A. the way of the spider
B. * the way of the bee
C. the way of the ant
D. the way of the tiger
E. the way of the fly
God, according to … philosophy, created two classes of substance that make up the
whole of reality.
A. Bacon
B. Leibnitz
C. * Rene Descartes
D. Benedict Spinoza
E. D. Diderot
How many categories of monads did Leibnitz develop?
A. * 3
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
E. 5
In Ethics, … attempts to demonstrate a "fully cohesive philosophical system that
strives to provide a coherent picture of reality and to comprehend the meaning of an
ethical life. Following a logical step-by-step format, it defines in turn the nature of
God, the mind, human bondage to the emotions, and the power of understanding -moving from a consideration of the eternal, to speculate upon humanity's place in the
natural order, freedom, and the path to attainable happiness."
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. * B.Spinoza
E. R. Descartes
The author of the famous saying: “I think therefore I exist”
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. Leibnitz
E. * R. Descartes
The author of the socialistic utopian society “The city of the Sun”
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. * T. Campanella
D. Leibnitz
E. G.Bruno
The founder of the New Age (Enlightenment).
A. * F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. Leibnitz
E. G.Bruno
The person who used the term “Enlightenment” in France for the first time.
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. * Voltaire
E. R. Descartes
10. The philosopher of the New Age who said: “The Bible is one of the greatest blessings
bestowed by God on the children of men. - It has God for its author; salvation for its
end, and truth without any mixture for its matter. - It is all pure.”
A. F. Bacon
B. * John Locke
C. Rene Descartes
D. Benedict Spinoza
E. D. Diderot
ІІІ. Tests for pictures
1. The picture illustrates the endless cycle of suffering caused by birth, death and rebirth (i.e.
reincarnation) within Buddhism, Hinduism (See Figure 1)
A. karma
B. reincarnation
C. deja vu
D. maya
E. *samsara
2. The picture illustrates the endless cycle of suffering caused by birth, death and rebirth (i.e.
reincarnation) within Buddhism, Hinduism (See Figure 1)
A. karma
B. reincarnation
C. deja vu
D. maya
E. *there is no correct answer
3. The author of the following picture believed the working of the human body to be an analogy
for the functioning of the universe. (See Figure 2)
A. Titian
B. Raphael
C. Michelangelo
D. Botticelli
E. *Leonardo da Vinci
4. The author of the following picture believed the workings of the human body to be an
analogy for the workings of the universe. (See Figure 2)
A. Titian
B. Raphael
C. Michelangelo
D. Botticelli
E. *there is no correct answer
5. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises manual
workers called? (See Figure 5)
A. Brahmin
B. Kshatriya
C. Vaisya
D. Moksa
E. *Sudra
6. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises manual
workers called? (See Figure 5)
A.Brahmin
B.Kshatriya
C.Vaisya
D.Moksa
E.*there is no correct answer
7. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises
warriors and rulers called? (See Figure 5)
A. Brahmin
B. Vaisya
C. Sudra
D. Moksa
E. *Kshatriya
8. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises
warriors and rulers called? (See Figure 5)
A. Brahmin
B. Vaisya
C. Sudra
D. Moksa
E. *there is no correct answer
9. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises farmers
and merchants called? (See Figure 5)
A. Brahmin
B. Kshatriya
C. Sudra
D. Moksa
E. *Vaisya
10. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises farmers
and merchants called? (See Figure 5)
A. Brahmin
B. Kshatriya
C. Sudra
D. Moksa
E. *there is no correct answer
11. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises priests
called? (See Figure 5)
A. Kshatriya
B. Vaisya
C. Sudra
D. Moksa
E. *Brahmin
12. The picture shows cast division of the Indian society. What is the cast that comprises priests
called? (See Figure 5)
A. Kshatriya
B. Vaisya
C. Sudra
D. Moksa
E. *there is no correct answer
13. This symbol of … is actually a sacred syllable representing the Brahman or the Absolute the source of all existence. (See Figure 6)
A. Buddhism
B. Christianity
C. Islam
D. Daoism
E. *Hinduism
14. This symbol of … is actually a sacred syllable representing the Brahman or the Absolute -
the source of all existence. (See Figure 4)
A. Buddhism
B. Christianity
C. Islam
D. Daoism
E. *there is no correct answer
15. The picture illustrates the worshipping of the Egyptian God known as Lord of Creation and
Protector of the Poor and Weak. (See Figure 13)
A. Osiris
B. Maat
C. Seth
D. Anubis
E. *Amon-Ra
16. The picture illustrates the worshipping of the Egyptian God known as Lord of Creation and
Protector of the Poor and Weak. (See Figure 5)
A. Osiris
B. Maat
C. Seth
D. Anubis
E. *there is no correct answer
17. The figure illustrates the representative of the Ancient World, whose soul had three parts:
Ba, Ka, Akh. Name the country. (See Figure 7)
A. India
B. China
C. Greece
D. Rome
E. *Egypt
18. The figure illustrates the representative of the Ancient World, whose soul had three parts:
Ba, Ka, Akh. Name the country. (See Figure 6)
A. India
B. China
C. Greece
D. Rome
E. *there is no correct answer
19. The figure shows the Greek architectural masterpiece – Parthenon. Name the chief god of the
Greek mythology. (See Figure 9)
A. Dionysus
B. Poseidon
C. Hades
D. Apollo
E. *Zeus
20. The figure shows the Greek architectural masterpiece – Parthenon. Name the chief god of the
Greek mythology. (See Figure 7)
A. Dionysus
B. Poseidon
C. Hades
D. Apollo
E. *there is no correct answer
21. Finish Buddha’s saying: “What we think, we….” (See Figure 10)
A. live
B. get
C. hear
D. see
E. *become
22. Buddha’s saying: “What we think, we….” (See Figure 10)
A. live
B. get
C. hear
D. see
E. *there is no correct answer
23. Buddha’s saying: “He who envies others does not obtain peace of…” (See Figure 10)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *mind
24. Buddha’s saying: “He who envies others does not obtain peace of…” (See Figure 10)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *there is no correct answer
25. Buddha’s saying: “An insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a wild
beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your …” (See Figure 21)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *mind
26. Buddha’s saying: “An insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a wild
beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your …” (See Figure 21)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *there is no correct answer
27. Buddha’s saying: “Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind
on the present moment.” (See Figure 21)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *mind
28. Buddha’s saying: “Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind
on the present moment.” (See Figure 21)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *there is no correct answer
29. Finish Buddha’s saying: “Fill your mind with compassion.” (See Figure 21)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *mind
30. Buddha’s saying: “Fill your mind with compassion.” (See Figure 21)
A. soul
B. life
C. country
D. spirit
E. *there is no correct answer
31. The figure shows the type of outlook that in Latin means "object to worship" or the service
and worship of God or the supernatural. (See Figure 11)
A. science
B. mythology
C. philosophy
D. education
E. *religion
32. The figure shows the type of outlook that in Latin means "object to worship" or the service
and worship of God or the supernatural. (See Figure 9)
A. science
B. mythology
C. philosophy
D. education
E. *there is no correct answer
33. Confucius’ saying: “Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two….” (See Figure
12)
A. holes
B. gardens
C. tunnels
D. tombs
E. *graves
34. Confucius’ saying: “Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two….” (See Figure
12)
A. holes
B. gardens
C. tunnels
D. tombs
E. *there is no correct answer
35. Confucius’ saying: “… yourself and others will respect you.” (See Figure 12)
A. love
B. like
C. disregard
D. embarrass
E. *there is no correct answer
36. Finish Confucius’ saying: “… yourself and others will respect you.” (See Figure 12)
A. love
B. like
C. disregard
D. embarrass
E. *respect
37. Confucius’ saying: “Wheresoever you go, go with all your heart.” (See Figure 12)
A. love
B. family
C. siblings
D. wives
E. *heart
38. Confucius’ saying: “Wheresoever you go, go with all your heart.” (See Figure 12)
A. love
B. family
C. siblings
D. wives
E. *there is no correct answer
39. The picture illustrates the journey of the soul in the afterlife. That’s why ancient Egyptians
buried their pharaohs in the … (See Figure 9)
A. sand
B. ziggurats
C. sphinxes
D. vaults
E. *pyramids
40. The picture illustrates the journey of the soul in the afterlife. That’s why ancient Egyptians
buried their pharaohs in the … (See Figure 11)
A. sand
B. ziggurats
C. sphinxes
D. vaults
E. *there is no correct answer
41. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “I know that I know nothing” (See
Figure 14)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Socrates
42. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “I know that I know nothing” (See
Figure 12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
43. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “Care for the soul is all that matters”
(See Figure 12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
44. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “Care for the soul is all that matters”
(See Figure 14)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Socrates
45. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “By all means marry; if you get a
good wife, you'll be happy. If you get a bad one, you'll become a philosopher.” (See Figure
14)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Socrates
46. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “By all means marry; if you get a
good wife, you'll be happy. If you get a bad one, you'll become a philosopher.” (See Figure
12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
47. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “Death may be the greatest of all
human blessings.” (See Figure 12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
48. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “Death may be the greatest of all
human blessings.” (See Figure 14)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Socrates
49. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “The only good is knowledge and
the only evil is ignorance.” (See Figure 14)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Socrates
50. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “The only good is knowledge and
the only evil is ignorance.” (See Figure 12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
51. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “Thou shouldst eat to live; not live
to eat.” (See Figure 12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
52. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “Thou shouldst eat to live; not live
to eat.” (See Figure 14)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Socrates
53. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “The unexamined life is not worth
living.” (See Figure 14)
A.Democritus
B.Plato
C.Aristotle
D.Epicurus
E.*Socrates
54. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher who said: “The unexamined life is not worth
living.” (See Figure 12)
A. Democritus
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
55. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who is known for his
study of Forms (Ideas). (See Figure 15)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C.Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Plato
56. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who is known for his
study of Forms (Ideas). (See Figure 13)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
57. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who founded the
Academy of philosophy in Athens. (See Figure 15)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Plato
58. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who founded the
Academy of philosophy in Athens. (See Figure 13)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
59. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who said: “Wise men talk
because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something.” (See Figure
13)
A.Socrates
B.Democritus
C.Aristotle
D.Epicurus
E.*there is no correct answer
60. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who said: “Wise men talk
because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something.” (See Figure
15)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Plato
61. The photo illustrates the famous philosopher who was the teacher of the emperor Neron. (See
Figure 16)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Seneca
62. The photo illustrates the famous philosopher who was the teacher of the emperor Neron. (See
Figure 14)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
63. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who said: “Love is one
soul sharing two bodies” (See Figure 17)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Epicurus
E. *Aristotle
64. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who said: “Love is one
soul sharing two bodies” (See Figure 15)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
65. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who said: “Amicus Plato
sed magis amica veritas – Plato is a friend but truth is dearer” (See Figure 15)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
66. 66.The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period who said: “Amicus
Plato sed magis amica veritas – Plato is a friend but truth is dearer” (See Figure 17)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Epicurus
E. *Aristotle
67. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period whose nickname means
“broad-shouldered” (See Figure 15)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Plato
68. The figure shows the great Greek philosopher of the classic period whose nickname means
“broad-shouldered” (See Figure 13)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
69. … philosophy is characterized by three principles: Yin, Yang and Dao. (See Figure 18)
A. Indian
B. Greek
C. Renaissance
D. Medieval
E. *Chinese
70. … philosophy is characterized by three principles: Yin, Yang and Dao. (See Figure 16)
A. Indian
B. Greek
C. Renaissance
D. Medieval
E. *there is no correct answer
71. The ethics of Confucius is based on differentiation of two social types of people: junzi and
… (See Figure 19)
A. veda
B. maya
C. sudra
D. brahman
E. *xiaoren
72. The ethics of Confucius is based on differentiation of two social types of people: junzi and
… (See Figure 19)
A. veda
B. maya
C. sudra
D. brahman
E. *there is no correct answer
73. Lao Tzu called the way or the universal force harmonizing nature … (See Figure 20)
A. Yin
B. Yan
C. Maya
D. Brahma
E. *Dao
74. Lao Tzu called the way or the universal force harmonizing nature … (See Figure 20)
A. Yin
B. Yan
C. Maya
D. Brahma
E. *there is no correct answer
75. The figure shows Buddha. What did Buddha preach in his first sermon? (See Figure 21)
A. Two noble truths
B. Six noble truths
C. Three noble truths
D. Five noble truths
E. *Four noble truths
76. The figure shows Buddha. What did Buddha preach in his first sermon? (See Figure 21)
A. Two noble truths
B. Six noble truths
C. Three noble truths
D. Five noble truths
E. *there is no correct answer
77. The figure shows the structure of the world proposed by the king of Egypt called … (See
Figure 22)
A. Osiris
B. Maat
C. Seth
D. Anubis
E. *Ptolomy
78. The figure shows the structure of the world proposed by the king of Egypt called … (See
Figure 20)
A. Osiris
B. Maat
C. Seth
D. Anubis
E. *there is no correct answer
79. Who proposed that sun is the center of the solar system? (See Figure 23)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *Nicolaus Copernicus
80. Who proposed that sun is the center of the solar system? (See Figure 21)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *there is no correct answer
81. Who proposed that moon and sun revolve around the earth; planets revolve around sun and
around their sphere? (See Figure 24)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Nicolaus Copernicus
D. John Calvin
E. *Brahe
82. Who proposed that moon and sun revolve around the earth; the planets revolve around the
sun and around their sphere? (See Figure 22)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Nicolaus Copernicus
D. John Calvin
E. *there is no correct answer
83. The Medieval philosophy is characterized by… (See Figure 26)
A. anthropocentrism
B. pantheism
C. ethnocentrism
D. humanism
E. *theocentrism
84. The Medieval philosophy is characterized by… (See Figure 26)
A. anthropocentrism
B. pantheism
C. ethnocentrism
D. humanism
E. *there is no correct answer
85. … was noted for his deeply mystical writings about Christianity, particularly on the
possibility of knowing God with the divine human mind — not possible through mere human
means — via "learned ignorance". (See Figure 27)
A. St. Aquinas
B. St. Augustine
C. Philo of Alexandria
D. Kant
E. *Nicholas of Cusa
86. … was noted for his deeply mystical writings about Christianity, particularly on the
possibility of knowing God with the divine human mind — not possible through mere human
means — via "learned ignorance". (See Figure 24)
A. St. Aquinas
B. St. Augustine
C. Philo of Alexandria
D. Kant
E. *there is no correct answer
87. The many advances in …'s thinking thereafter came ultimately from this insight: that
justification - expiation of sin and attainment of righteousness through a gift of grace - is
achieved by faith alone. (See Figure 28)
A. John Calvin
B. Zwingli
C. N.Copernicus
D. G.Bruno
E. *Martin Luther
88. The many advances in …'s thinking thereafter came ultimately from this insight: that
justification - expiation of sin and attainment of righteousness through a gift of grace - is
achieved by faith alone. (See Figure 25)
A. John Calvin
B. Zwingli
C. N.Copernicus
D. G.Bruno
E. *there is no correct answer
89. The figure shows the philosopher of the Renaissance who said: “A son can bear with
equanimity the loss of his father, but the loss of his inheritance may drive him to despair.”
(See Figure 29)
A. T. More
B. F. Petrarch
C. Martin Luther
D. John Calvin
E. *N. Machiavelli
90. The figure shows the philosopher of the Renaissance who said: “A son can bear with
equanimity the loss of his father, but the loss of his inheritance may drive him to despair.”
(See Figure 26)
A. T. More
B. F. Petrarch
C. Martin Luther
D. John Calvin
E. *there is no correct answer
91. The figure shows the great Renaissance scientist and artist … (See Figure 30)
A. Titian
B. Raphael
C. Michelangelo
D. Botticelli
E. *Leonardo da Vinci
92. The figure shows the great Renaissance scientist and artist … (See Figure 27)
A. Titian
B. Raphael
C. Michelangelo
D. Botticelli
E. *there is no correct answer
93. Name the Renaissance scientist who claimed that the nature is created according to the rules
of mathematics and the task of the scientist is to understand these rules. (See Figure 32)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *Kepler
94. Name the Renaissance scientist who claimed that the nature is created according to the rules
of mathematics and the task of the scientist is to understand these rules. (See Figure 29)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *there is no correct answer
95. Name the author of the following scheme which states the world can be understood with the
polygons that make up planets. (See Figure 32)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *Kepler
96. Name the author of the following scheme which states the world can be understood with the
polygons that make up planets. (See Figure 30)
A. Ptolomy
B. Aristotle
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *there is no correct answer
97. The figure shows the Renaissance scientist who claimed: “And still it rotates” (See Figure
34)
A. Giordano Bruno
B. Nicolaus Copernicus
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *Galileo Galilei
98. The figure shows Renaissance’scientist who claimed: “And still it rotates” (See Figure 31)
A. Giordano Bruno
B. Nicolaus Copernicus
C. Brahe
D. John Calvin
E. *there is no correct answer
99. The figure shows the philosopher of New Age who said: “The Bible is one of the greatest
blessings bestowed by God on the children of men. - It has God for its author; salvation for
its end, and truth without any mixture for its matter. - It is all pure.” (See Figure 35)
A. F. Bacon
B. Rene Descartes
C. Benedict Spinoza
D. D. Diderot
E. *John Locke
100. The figure shows the philosopher of New Age who said: “The Bible is one of the greatest
blessings bestowed by God on the children of men. - It has God for its author; salvation for
its end, and truth without any mixture for its matter. - It is all pure.” (See Figure 32)
A. F. Bacon
B. Rene Descartes
C. Benedict Spinoza
D. D. Diderot
E. *there is no correct answer
101. The figure shows the philosopher of New Age famous for his articulation of the theory of
separation of powers, taken for granted in modern discussions of government and
implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. (See Figure 36)
A. F. Bacon
B. Rene Descartes
C. Benedict Spinoza
D. D. Diderot
E. *Montesquieu
102. The figure shows the philosopher of New Age famous for his articulation of the theory of
separation of powers, taken for granted in modern discussions of government and
implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. (See Figure 33)
A. F. Bacon
B. Rene Descartes
C. Benedict Spinoza
D. D. Diderot
E. *there is no correct answer
103. The figure shows the Greek philosopher who claimed that all things are composed of
minute, invisible, particles of pure matter (atoma), which move about eternally in infinite
empty space (kenon). (See Figure 37)
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *Democritus
104. The figure shows the Greek philosopher who claimed that all things are composed of
minute, invisible, particles of pure matter (atoma), which move about eternally in infinite
empty space (kenon). (See Figure 34)
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
105. The figure shows the Greek philosopher who claimed that true happiness is the serenity
resulting from the conquest of fear of the gods, of death, and of the afterlife. (See Figure 38)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Epicurus
106. The figure shows the Greek philosopher who claimed that true happiness is the serenity
resulting from the conquest of fear of the gods, of death, and of the afterlife. (See Figure 35)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
107. The figure shows the Greek philosopher who claimed that all statements concerning
reality are false and that, even if true, their truth can never be proved. (See Figure 39)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Epicurus
E. *Pyrrho
108. The figure shows the Greek philosopher who claimed that all statements concerning
reality are false and that, even if true, their truth can never be proved. (See Figure 36)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Epicurus
E. *there is no correct answer
109. The figure shows the founder of stoicism who declared that good lies not in external
objects, but in the state of the soul itself. (See Figure 40)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Pyrrho
D. Epicurus
E. *Zeno
110. The figure shows the founder of stoicism who declared that good lies not in external
objects, but in the state of the soul itself. (See Figure 37)
A.Socrates
B.Democritus
C.Pyrrho
D.Epicurus
E.*there is no correct answer
111. The figure shows … who believed that fire is the primordial source of matter. (See Figure
41)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Heraclitus
112. The figure shows … who believed that fire is the primordial source of matter. (See Figure
38)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
113. The figure shows … who cultivated the concept of number, which became for him the
ultimate principle of all proportion, order, and harmony in universe. (See Figure 43)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Pythagoras
114. The figure shows … who cultivated the concept of number, which became for him the
ultimate principle of all proportion, order, and harmony in universe. (See Figure 39)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
115. Who of the antique Greek philosophers considered number to be the ultimate principle of
the universe? (See Figure 43)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Pythagoras
116. Which philosophers considered number to be the ultimate principle of the universe from
antique Greece? (See Figure 40)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
117. The figure shows the Roman philosopher who said: “Any man can make mistakes, but
only an idiot persists in his error.” (See Figure 44)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Cicero
118. The figure shows the Roman philosopher who said: “Any man can make mistakes, but
only an idiot persists in his error.” (See Figure 41)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
119. The figure shows the Roman philosopher who said: “A home without books is a body
without soul.” (See Figure 44)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Cicero
120. The figure shows the Roman philosopher who said: “A home without books is a body
without soul.” (See Figure 41)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
121. The figure shows the Roman philosopher who said: “A friend is, as it were, a second
self.” (See Figure 44)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *Cicero
122. The figure shows the Roman philosopher who said: “A friend is, as it were, a second
self.” (See Figure 41)
A. Socrates
B. Democritus
C. Plato
D. Aristotle
E. *there is no correct answer
123. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who claimed that that one must “believe in
order to understand and understand in order to believe.” (See Figure 45)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Plato
D. Kant
E. *St. Aquinas
124. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who claimed that that one must “believe in
order to understand and understand in order to believe.” (See Figure 42)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Plato
D. Kant
E. *there is no correct answer
125. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who was the first to try to create the study of
man with the Christian dogmas. (See Figure 46)
A. St. Aquinas
B. St. Augustine
C. Philo of Alexandria
D. Kant
E. *Origen the Pagan
126. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who was the first to try to create the study of
man with the Christian dogmas. (See Figure 43)
A. St. Aquinas
B. St. Augustine
C. Philo of Alexandria
D. Kant
E. *there is no correct answer
127. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who is perhaps most famous for coining the
term Trinity. (See Figure 47)
A. St. Aquinas
B. St. Augustine
C. Philo of Alexandria
D. Origen the Pagan
E. *Tertullian
128. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who is perhaps most famous for coining the
term Trinity. (See Figure 44)
A. St. Aquinas
B. St. Augustine
C. Philo of Alexandria
D. Origen the Pagan
E. *there is no correct answer
129. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who combined Aristotelian science and
Augustinian theology into a comprehensive system of thought that later became the
authoritative philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church. (See Figure 48)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *St. Aquinas
130. The figure shows the medieval philosopher who combined Aristotelian science and
Augustinian theology into a comprehensive system of thought that later became the
authoritative philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church. (See Figure 45)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *there is no correct answer
131. The figure shows the Renaissance philosopher who claimed the mind can reach peace
only by experiencing three stages – existence, purification and renovation corresponding
three worlds – hell, purgatory and paradise. (See Figure 49)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *Dante
132. The figure shows the Renaissance philosopher who claimed the mind can reach peace
only by experiencing three stages – existence, purification and renovation corresponding
three worlds – hell, purgatory and paradise. (See Figure 46)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *there is no correct answer
133. Who said that the best doctor is also philosopher? (See Figure 50)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *Galen
134. Who said that the best doctor is also a philosopher? (See Figure 47)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *there is no correct answer
135. He was the first translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin. (See Figure 51)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E.*Marsilio Ficino
136. He was the first translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin. (See Figure 48)
A. St. Augustine
B. Philo of Alexandria
C. Origen the Pagan
D. Tertullian
E. *there is no correct answer
137. Italian Renaissance philosopher, made an attempt to unite both the dialectical idea of the
identity of opposites of Nicholas of Cusa and the heliocentric system of Nicolaus
Copernicus. (See Figure 52)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N.Copernicus
E. *G.Bruno
138. Italian Renaissance philosopher, made an attempt to unite both the dialectical idea of the
identity of opposites of Nicholas of Cusa and the heliocentric system of Nicolaus
Copernicus. (See Figure 49)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N.Copernicus
E. *there is no correct answer
139. He was called “Socrates” of the Renaissance and was the author of the book “The praise
of Folly” (See Figure 53)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N. Copernicus
E. *Erasmus Roterodamus
140. He was called “Socrates” of the Renaissance and was the author of the book “The praise
of Folly” (See Figure 50)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N. Copernicus
E. *there is no correct answer
141. The figure shows the Renaissance alchemist tried to combine herbalism, occultism,
christianity and forward thinking metaphysics. (See Figure 54)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N. Copernicus
E. *Paracelcius
142. The figure shows the Renaissance alchemist tried to combine herbalism, occultism,
Christianity and forward thinking metaphysics. (See Figure 51)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D.N. Copernicus
E. *there is no correct answer
143. The picture shows the author of the book about the ideal society “Utopia”. (See Figure
55)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N. Copernicus
E. *T. More
144. The picture shows the author of the book about the ideal society “Utopia”. (See Figure
52)
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. Zwingli
D. N. Copernicus
E. *there is no correct answer
145. The figure shows the author of the socialistic utopian society “The city of the Sun” (See
Figure 56)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. Leibnitz
D. G.Bruno
E. *T. Campanella
146. The figure shows the author of the socialistic utopian society “The city of the Sun” (See
Figure 53)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. Leibnitz
D. G.Bruno
E. *there is no correct answer
147. 149.The figure shows the founder of the New Age (Enlightenment). (See Figure 57)
A. I. Kant
B. T. Campanella
C. Leibnitz
D. G.Bruno
E. *F. Bacon
148. The figure shows the founder of the New Age (Enlightenment). (See Figure 54)
A. I. Kant
B. T. Campanella
C. Leibnitz
D. G.Bruno
E. *there is no correct answer
149. The figure shows the author of the famous saying: “I think therefore I exist” (See Figure
58)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. Leibnitz
E.*R. Descartes
150. The figure shows the author of the famous saying: “I think therefore I exist” (See Figure
55)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. Leibnitz
E. *there is no correct answer
151. In Ethics, … attempts to demonstrate a "fully cohesive philosophical system that strives
to provide a coherent picture of reality and to comprehend the meaning of an ethical life.
Following a logical step-by-step format, it defines in turn the nature of God, the mind,
human bondage to the emotions, and the power of understanding -- moving from a
consideration of the eternal, to speculate upon humanity's place in the natural order, freedom,
and the path to attainable happiness." (See Figure 59)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. R. Descartes
E. *B.Spinoza
152. In Ethics, … attempts to demonstrate a "fully cohesive philosophical system that strives
to provide a coherent picture of reality and to comprehend the meaning of an ethical life.
Following a logical step-by-step format, it defines in turn the nature of God, the mind,
human bondage to the emotions, and the power of understanding -- moving from a
consideration of the eternal, to speculate upon humanity's place in the natural order, freedom,
and the path to attainable happiness." (See Figure 56)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. R. Descartes
E. *there is no correct answer
153. The figure shows the person who used the term “Enlightenment” in France for the first
time. (See Figure 60)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. R. Descartes
E. *Voltaire
154. The figure shows the person who used the term “Enlightenment” in France for the first
time. (See Figure 57)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. R. Descartes
E. *there is no correct answer
155. The picture shows the author of the Discourse on Inequality (See Figure 61)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. R. Descartes
E. *J. J. Rousseau
156. The picture shows the author of the Discourse on Inequality (See Figure 58)
A. F. Bacon
B. I. Kant
C. T. Campanella
D. R. Descartes
E. *there is no correct answer