The French and Indian War
I. Background
A. Both England and France claimed land in America
1. _France_ claimed land in the St. Lawrence River Valley, Ohio_River
Valley and the Mississippi River Valley
2. England established colonies along the _Atlantic_ coast and claimed land in
the Ohio River Valley
B. Both nations exploited the _resources_ in their area and wanted more land.
C. Each side tried to use the _Indians_ against the other.
1. Indians sided_with whomever protected their interests
2. Indians generally got along better with the _French__
3. Reasons: learned their language, _business__(fur trade) and they did not try to
force European ways on them.
II. Conflict over the _Ohio_ River Valley
A. People who hoped to make a profit from buying/selling land were known as _land
speculators and planned to settle west of the Appalachians_ in the Ohio River Valley.
B. British presence threatened French control of the Mississippi_ River.
(The Ohio River empties into the Mississippi)
C. France built _forts__ to protect it’s claim to the area
D. Virginia’s governor sent _George Washington_to drive the French out of the _Ohio__
River Valley
III. The French and Indian War Begins
A. The war was between France and England
B. French soldiers attack Ft. Necessity
1. The British lose and retreat to _Virginia__
2. They lose Indian allies
3. This is the first battle of the French and Indian War
C. This war becomes a part of a larger worldwide war known as the Seven Years War (17561763)
IV.. Advantages of Each Side
A. Advantages - France
1. Controlled more land in _North__America
2. Had one _colonial government that acted quickly
3. Sent ships and professional soldiers
4. Had loyal _Indian_ allies
B. Advantages - British
1. Many more _settlers__
2. Colonies concentrated in a single area and were easier to defend
3. Colonists were willing to _fight_ hard for their land
V. The Tide Turns
A. During the first years, France_ won most of the battles and controlled the Ohio region
B. Britain’s new leader, _William Pitt_, poured money into the war
C. Many British victories followed
D. Turning point of the war- the Battle of _Quebec_, the British win a deciding victory.
1. This ended fighting in _North_ America.
E. The fighting continues until _Britain_ wins the Seven Years War in 1763
F. The British now control _ALL_ of New France
G. The war was formally ended with the _Treaty of Paris 1763__.
VI. Effects of the War
A. Britain took ALL land east of the _Mississippi_River except_New Orleans__
1. Included Ohio R. Valley, Great Lakes region and St. Lawrence R.
2. Spain (who sided with France) had to give up _Florida__.
B. To make up for loss of Florida, France gave New Orleans and All land west_ of the
Mississippi R. to _Spain_
C. The end of the war did not bring peace to the Ohio River Valley because _Indian__
opposition to British increased
1. Indians resent taking of their land
2. Pontiac_ unites several tribes in the Ohio R. Valley and this is known as
_Pontiacs Rebellion_
D. The British government goes deep into _debt__
1. Leads to colonial _tax_ policies to raise money
2. Creates resentment and eventually leads to the American Revolution
VII. Proclamation of 1763_
A. Forbade the colonist to settle west_ of the _Appalachians_because defending
western lands would be expensive
B. Some colonists had already __purchased_land and had to leave
C. Caused frustration and anger for colonists wanting to move _west