1. Which one of the followings was not included in Miller-Urey ’s experiment? a. Water b. Methane gas c. Oxygen gas d. Ammonia gas e. Hydrogen gas
2. The functional groups of organic compounds are important because a. they help determine the chemical reactivity of compounds. b. they help determine the melting and boiling points of compounds. c. they help determine the water-solubility of compounds. d. all of these choices e. they help determine how molecules of different compounds interact noncovalently.
3. How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells? a. Eukaryotic cells contain many organelles, including a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not. b. Eukaryotic cells have DNA, while prokaryotic cells have RNA. c. Prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane, while eukaryotes do not. d. Prokaryotic cells contain many organelles, including a nucleus, while eukaryotes do not. e. Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, while prokaryotes do not.
4. Which of the following organelles is the site of most protein synthesis? a. mitochondria b. lysosomes c. the nucleolus d. chloroplasts e. ribosomes
5. Which of the following cells has a cell wall? a. all three cell types b. eukaryotic plant cells c. two of these choices d. prokaryotic bacterial cells e. eukaryotic animal cells
6. Photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells takes place in a. ribosomes. b. the nucleolus. c. chloroplasts. d. mitochondria. e. the endoplasmic reticulum.
7. Oxidative processes for producing energy in eukaryotic cells take place in

a. the endoplasmic reticulum. b. ribosomes. c. mitochondria. d. the nucleolus. e. chloroplasts.
8. The Golgi apparatus is a. the conversion of lipids to carbohydrate. b. involved in the secretion of proteins from the cell. c. involved in the production of RNA for export to the cytoplasm. d. involved in the break down of target molecules with enzymes. e. a term for the folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria.
9. The cytoskeleton of a cell a. is involved in the break down of target molecules with enzymes. b. maintains the infrastructure of the cell. c. maintains oxidative processes for producing energy in eukaryotic cells. d. isolates waste substances that are toxic to the cell. e. allows transport processes to take place across the cell membrane.
10. The major precursors of simple organic molecules on the early Earth are a. water, chlorine, methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. b. water, hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, amino acids, and carbon dioxide. c. water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas. d. oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, and hydrogen gas. e. carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, aluminum nitrate, and dinitrogen. b. oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen gas, and formaldehyde.
11. Human beings are classified as a. Monera. b. Protista. c. Archaea. b. d. Eukarya. e. none of these choices
12. What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth? a. oxygen b. lipids c. carbohydrates d. ATP e. the Sun

13. The functional group COOH is referred to as a. an aldehyde. b. an ester. c. a carboxylic acid. d. a thiol. e. an alcohol.
14. In biological systems, enzymes a. are the molecules in which the genetic information is encoded. b. are only found in eukaryotes and not prokaryotes. c. are rigid, static lattices of biomolecules. d. act as catalysts to accelerate the rate of reactions. e. are always active over a very wide range of environmental conditions, such as temperature and acidity.
15. The genetic code describes a. a critical difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. b. the procedures Friedrich Wöhler followed to produce urea in the laboratory. c. the relationship between the nucleotide sequence in nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence in proteins. d. the double membrane structure of the nucleus. e. the hierarchy of simple to complex structures seen in living organisms.
16. The reactions of biomolecules requires the classification of compounds according to a. their carbon content. b. the number of atoms they contain. c. the number of bonds they contain. d. catalytic activity. e. their functional groups.
17. According to thermodynamics, what kinds of processes are favored? a. Those that release energy. b. Those that transfer electrons. c. Those that release water. d. Those that absorb energy. e. Those that transfer protons.
18. An important comparison between the activities within a cell and a city's transportation system is that a. the routes all operate in sequence. b. the routes all intersect at a single point. c. the routes never intersect. d. in order to get from one point to another, you must use a dedicated route.

e. the routes all operate simultaneously.
19. The Miller-Urey experiment showed that a. urea wasn't a waste product, but could actually be useful. b. compounds important to living things could have formed under conditions believed to have existed on the early Earth. c. the vital force theory explained the formation of biological compounds. d. proteins are organic compounds. e. urea, a compound found in living organisms, could be produced in the laboratory.
20. Because they contain oxygen, many functional groups are a. temperature resistant. b. polar. c. electromagnetic. d. unstable. e. nonpolar.
21. A relationship in which one organism is contained within another is called a. parasitism. b. electromagnetic. c. photosynthetic. d. oxidative. e. endosymbiosis.
22. What is an organelle? a. It is an individual unit of heredity, controlling an individual trait. b. It is a part of a cell that has a distinct function and is generally surrounded by its own membrane within the cell. c. It is a system of organs with a global function in the body. d. It is a building up of larger biomolecules from smaller molecules. e. It is a kingdom of organisms containing nuclei.
23. Which of the five kingdoms includes only prokaryotes? a. Monera b. Animals c. Protista d. Fungi e. Plants
24. Which of the following ultimately determines the properties of all types of proteins? a. organelles

b. protocells c. cristae d. catalysis e. its amino acid sequence
25. Which of the following was most likely the original coding material for living systems? a. DNA b. protein c. RNA d. lipid e. carbohydrate