C2 – Material choices
Revision questions
1. Hydrocarbons are made of …
2. Name 3 fossil fuels.
3. How are fossil fuels made? How long does it take?
Properties of Materials
4. What’s the difference between natural and synthetic materials?
5. Name 3 natural materials:
6. Name 2 synthetic materials:
7. “The melting point of chocolate is 30’C” What does that mean?
8. The melting point of plastic is around 200’C. Why is it so much higher than chocolate?
9. Match these properties to their meanings
Brittle
You can twist and draw this into wires or
fibres
Tough
It doesn’t deform much before it
breaks.
Stiff
You don’t need much force to change
its shape
Flexible
You need a lot of force to change its
shape
Ductile
Keeps a new shape when you deform it
malleable
plastic
It is strong and doesn’t change its
shape.
Can be squeezed and bent into new
shapes without breaking
10. What key word means that a material will last a long time?
11. What does it mean if a material is elastic?
12. Both tension and compression can deform a material. What is the difference between
these two forces?
13. Name 2 properties of rubber.
14. Fibres can be drawn into __________________ and then woven together.
15. Fibres, rubbers, plastics: Which one:
Keeps its shape the best?
Is most elastic?
Is the most tough and long-lasting?
Is most flexible?
Crude Oil
16. How do we refine crude oil? By f________________ d_____________________
17. How does the temperature change as you go up the fractionating column?
18. What are crude oil fractions used for? Give at least 3 uses.
19. Where do short hydrocarbons come out of the column? Where do long
hydrocarbons?
Polymers
20. What do you call it when you put monomers together?
21. Match each diagram of to its name. Then explain how that change affects the
polymer.
Cross-linking
The bonds are weaker/stronger
because
Increasing
the chain
length
The bonds are weaker/stronger
because
plasticisers
The bonds are weaker/stronger
because
crystallization
The bonds are weaker/stronger
because
22. Here are some ways you can change polymers. How does this affect their properties?
Stronger or
More or less
Higher or lower
weaker?
flexible?
melting point?
Increase
chain length
(make the
chain longer)
Increasing
crystallinity
Add
plasticisers
Increase
cross-linking
Life cycles and the environment
23. Plastic is not biodegradable. What does that mean?
24. Name 3 ways of disposing of waste like plastic:
Which one is worse for the environment? Explain your answer.
25. Why are polymers made from corn ‘better’ than polymers made from oil?
26. Which of these materials is the most sustainable: plastic, wood, nylon, metal?
Explain your answer.
27. Name the main steps in a Life Cycle Assessment.
28. Why do we need to do Life Cycle Assessments?
Data handling
29. Some students decided to test how much different materials can stretch.
Trial #
How much it stretched (cm)
nylon
wool
1
11
6
2
15
8
3
12
5
4
14
6
30. Calculate the best estimate for each material
Wool:
Nylon:
31. What is the range for each material:
Wool:
Nylon:
32. Is there a real difference between the two materials? Yes/No
How do you know?
General chemistry
33. Complete the table
Name
Formula
Oxygen
Carbon
dioxide
Water
Carbon
monoxide
Methane
Nitrogen
Draw the molecule