Supplementary Table 1 Number of populations per exploratory from which we used seeds of Trifolium repens in the experiment. The table also
gives information on geomorphology, climate and elevation of the three exploratories. For productivity (average across 2008-2010), mowing
frequency (average across 2006-2010) and grazing intensity (average across 2006-2010), the mean values and ranges are given.
Number of populations
Geomorphology
Mean annual precipitation (mm)
Mean annual temperature (°C)
Elevation range (m a.s.l.)
Productivity (g m-2 year-1)
Mowing frequency (cuts year-1)
Grazing frequency (*livestock
units d ha-1 year-1)
Schorfheide-Chorin
24
Young glacial landscape
500-600
8.0-8.5
3-140
391.6 (155.2-614.5)
0.8 (0- 2.6)
210 (0-788)
Hainich-Dün
14
Calcareous bedrock
500-800
6.5-8.0
285-550
319.1 (185.0-601.9)
0.5 (0-3.0)
88 (11-307)
Schwäbische Alb
20
Calcareous bedrock with karst phenomena
460-860
6.0-7.0
460-860.
315.5 (107.5-604.8)
0.8 (0-3.0)
179 (0-1060)
*The calculation of the livestock units follows Fischer et al. (2010): cattle < 1 year: 0.3 livestock units (LU), cattle 2 years: 0.6 LU, cattle > 2
years: 1 LU, sheep and goat < 1 year: 0.05 LU, sheep and goat > 1 year: 0.1 LU, horse < 3 years: 0.7 LU, horse > 3 years: 1.1 LU.
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Supplementary Table 2 List of species contained in the grassland seed mixture
2
(‘Fettwiese’; Rieger-Hofmann GmbH, Germany) used for the treatments with
3
competition. The seed mixture contained 70% grass and 30% forb seeds by weight.
Forbs
Grasses
Achillea millefolium
Alopecurus pratensis
Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Campanula patula
Arrhenatherium elatius
Carum carvi
Bromus erectus
Centaurea jacea
Cynosurus cristatus
Crepis biennis
Dactylis glomerata
Daucus carota
Festuca nigrescens
Galium album
Festuca pratensis
Knautia arvensis
Helictotrichon pubescens
Leontodon hispidus
Poa pratensis
Leucanthemum vulgare
Trisetum flavescens
Lotus corniculatus
Lychnis flos-cuculi
Papaver rhoeas
Pimpinella major
Plantago lanceolata
Prunella vulgaris
Ranunculus acris
Rumex acetosa
Salvia pratensis
Silene vulgaris
Tragopogon pratensis
Trifolium pratense
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2