生态环境 2008, 17(5): 1879-1886
Ecology and Environment
http://www.jeesci.com
E-mail: editor@jeesci.com
Dust removal property of major afforested plants
in and around an urban area, North China
Liu Rentao1*, Bi Runcheng2, Zhao Halin1
1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
Abstract: The mass artificial plantation in the polluted cities is very helpful to absorb dust and reduce pollution for conservation of
the ecology environment. In this paper, the dust removal property of major afforested plants was carried out in Linfen city by sampling leaves of plants in field and indoor experiments. Different aspects of plant life form, pollution intensity and distance away from
pollution sources were determined on dust removal capacity. Under the same environment, dust removal capacity differed with the
sampling plant species, and significant differences were observed between herb species and deciduous tree, shrub and liana species,
while not between deciduous tree, shrub and liana species. Meanwhile, there was also a significant difference in dust-removed
amount between Cedrus deodare and Sabina chinensis. Likewise, the same plant growing under the sites with different pollution
intensity and distance away from pollution sources showed different capacity of dust removal, which might be associated with plant
height and growth attributes. Nevertheless, the dust removed amount appeared not limitless over time but periodic, which might be
most likely explained by saturating capacity and also implied that it was necessary for watering on the greening plants now and then.
Therefore, besides dust removal property, growing conditions and period of afforested plants should also be taken into account together, thus in favor of management of greening plantation in and around an urban area.
Key words: afforested plant; dust removal; pollution; city-greening; Linfen
CLC number: X173
Document code: A
Article ID: 1672-2175（2008）05-1879-08
As is known, urbanization and industrialization
are the twin unavoidable evils coupled with the economic growth and development. They often produce
such large amounts of pollutants that they have almost
become synonymy for pollution [1-2]. Hazardous gaseous emission, industrial effluent, and wastes adversely affect human health, vegetation, and property.
To abate the impact of pollutants, environmentalists
/decision-makers have long been emphasizing the
need for a perennial green envelope requiring largescale afforestation in and around industrial areas and
alongside roadways[2-4].
It is well documented that plants can remove air
pollutants such as hydrogen fluoride, SO2, and some
compounds of photochemical reactions, and capture
heavy metals such as mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) from
the air [3-6]. Plantation is proved to be an effective
method to check the environmental pollution and
maintain the ecological balance of the region. The
afforested plants can be applied as a pollution mitigation tool in an industrial, urban development or for an
historical site/sensitive area protection plan.
Plants remove air pollutants by three means: absorption by the leaves, deposition of particulates and
aerosols over leaf surfaces, and fallout of particulates
on the leeward side of the vegetation[7-8]. Leaf petioles
are more efficient particulate impacts than either twigs
(stems) or leaf lamina[9]. Afforestation plants also reduce noise pollution [10-12]. Additionally, plants differ
markedly in their responses to pollutants, some being
highly sensitive and others hardy and tolerant [13-15].
At present, there are many reports on plants’ reaction to gas pollutants at abroad [1, 3-4, 16-19]. In China,
for a large-scale polluting industry, it has become
mandatory since the mid-nineties to plant appropriate
green trees in and around its units to protect the surrounding ecology from pollution. Such cities as Beijing[20], Harbin[21], Hefei [22], Yueyang [23], etc., have
基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2009CB421303）；国家自然科学基金项目（40601008；30370231）
作者简介：刘任涛（1980 年生），男，博士研究生，研究方向为干旱区生态环境。E-mail: sxnu2008@126.com
*通讯作者
收稿日期：2008-05-11
生态环境 第 17 卷第 5 期（2008 年 9 月）
1880
analyzed the dust removal property of afforestation
plants.
However, located in the south of Shanxi province,
North China, Linfen is a typical center of coal, and
has become one of the most dust polluted cities in
China, even in the world [24]. And there are fewer reports on the dust removal of afforested plants in Linfen. The present study examines the capacity of dust
removal of afforested plants from different aspects.
The aim is to analyze the period and influence of pollution intensity, and distance from source on the dust
removal capacity for the selection, matching and
management of plant species, which can be in favor of
the city-greening plan.
1
Materials and methods
1.1
North
Central street
Study area
This study is conducted in Linfen city. The area
lies at N 35°32′ to 36°57′ and E 110° 55′ to 112°55′, at
an elevation of about 900 m, within Linfen basin,
southeast of Shanxi province in northern China. In the
east and west, there stand Taiyue mountain and lvliang
mountain respectively, and in the northeast and southeast, there lie Huo mountain and Taer mountain respectively. Linfen basin surrounding the four mountains is like a “D” geomorphologically, with north
slightly open to south[24]. And the study area is also
located in the central- southern part of an extensive
region of the Loess Plateau. And the city is densely
populated with around 650 thousand of people, and
the resultant traffics density is also very high.
The region is a typical of continental semi-arid
and sub-humid temperate monsoon zone, with a mean
annual precipitation of approximately 494.19 mm, and
an annual evaporation of about 1 851.5 mm. The mean
annual temperature is about 13.1 ℃ with an average
temperature of 42.0 ℃ in July and -25.6 ℃ in January,
with ≥10 ℃ and an accumulated temperature of 4
000 ℃or so. The average annual sunlight hours is
2 417-2 714 h. There are 210 frost-free days a year.
The average annual wind speed is 1.9 m·s-1, with most
of windy days and storms occurring between April
and May. The regional prevailing wind direction is
northeast and southwest. The soil type is brown with
the zonal vegetation of typical warm- temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest [25-27].
Because of the unique geographical position and
climate, it is not easy for low air in the city to diffuse.
In addition to the long-term industry structure taking
coal, char and iron as the leading, the air pollutants
have covered the city since eighties last century, especially TSP at concentration of 0.365~1.479 mg·Nm-3,
which has exceeded the nation second criterion[24].
1.2 Experiment design
In terms of regional pollution intensity, species
diversity and experimental feasibility, three types of
total sites are selected, e.g. less polluted, moderately
polluted and heavily polluted site, among which six
sites (one replicate each) (Campus of Shanxi Normal
University, Dongguan roadside and Lin steel factory)
in Linfen and two sites (Central street of Ganquan
town) around Linfen (Table 1, Fig.1). The total number of sampling plant species are 39.
0m
10m
20m
30m
40m
1km
Stone material plant
Fig. 1
Sampling site along the central street in
Ganquan town around Linfen city.
Table 1 Basic condition of study sites in Linfen city
Type
Light pollution
Moderate
pollution
Heavy pollution
Site
Campus of Shanxi
Normal University
Dongguan roadside
Central street of
Ganquan town
Lin steel factory
Number of site
Number of
plant species
2
17
2
8
2
6
2
8
Generally, the precipitation at 15 mm can wash
off the dust on the leaves, and then the leaves can reabsorb the dust [28]. During 2006 and 2007, based on
the rainfall property of Linfen city, samples of each
plant species (three replicates) are collected in the
sites where it dominates. The interval spatially between each same plant species is 4 m or so. All the
sampling plants are in the down wind direction to arrest the pollutants emitted.
On the campus, the experiment is carried out
every two days to reveal the period of dust removed
刘任涛等：中国北方典型污染城市主要绿化树种的滞尘效应
1881
after rainfall every time from May to June. There is
one replication of the test on the campus, namely, the
test is carried out in the first week after rainfall twice
[29-30]. Along Dongguan roadside and Lin steel factory,
collection of sampling leaves of plants is to compare
the effect of pollution intensity on dust removed capacity in May. And along the gradient at 10 m intervals from the central street of Ganquan town, namely
at 0 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, the leaves of the
same sampling plant are collected to discuss the influence of distance away from pollution sources on
dust removed capacity in June.
1.3 Data Collection and Analysis
In the experiment, multi-sampling method is used,
in light of upper, middle and lower canopy. Usually,
the number of total sampling leaves is 30 for each
plant species, and the number of needled leaves is
from 10 to 18, while the number is 10 for far big
leaves. And then the sampling leaves are sealed stably
in the valve bag and brought back for experiment.
The sampling leaves are immersed in the distilled
water for two hours in order to wash off the attachment dust on the leaves. Then the clean leaves are
taken out carefully with tweezer. The lotions are filtered with dried filter-paper, whose weight is written
as W1. And then the filter-paper used is dried for
twenty-four hours at 60 ℃, whose weight is written
as W2. The difference between the two weights is the
weight of dust on the sampling leaves. After air dry,
the area of broad leaves is measured by LI-3000A and
written as A, and the needled leaves can be weighted
as W [29-30]. The above experiments all repeat for 3
times.
DR= (W2－W1) / A
（1）
or DR= (W2－W1) / W
（2）
Where equation (1) is the dust removed amount
of broad leaves (g·m-2), and A is the area of broad
leaves (m2); equation (2) is the dust removed amount
of needled leaves (g·kg-1), and W is the weight of needled leaves (kg).
All data are analyzed using the SPSS program for
windows version 15.0. Multiple comparisons and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures are
used to compare the differences among the treatments
[31]. The least significant difference (LSD) tests are
performed to determine the significance of treatment
means at P < 0.05. Pearson correlation coefficients are
used to evaluate relationships between the corresponding variables [32].
2
Results
2.1 Comparison of dust removed amount of different plant species
From the whole analysis of mean dust removed
for eight days, there are greater differences on
dust-removed amount among different plant species.
There is a significant difference in dust-removed
amount between Dianthus chinensis and Poa annua,
both of which significantly differ from other species
of broad leaves as well (t-test: P<0.01). Whereas,
significant differences are not observed among deciduous tree, shrub and liana species (t-test: P>0.05). The
least significant difference (LSD) tests are shown in
Table 2. Additionally, there is a significant difference
in dust-removed amount between Cedrus deodare and
Table 2 Plant dust removed amount of different plant species of broad leaves
Height/m
First test/(g·m-2)
Second test/(g·m-2)
mean*/(g·m-2)
Ulmus pumila
1.70±0.13
0.56±0.06
0.57±0.06
0.56±0.05c
Broussonetia papyrifera
2.50±0.12
0.53±0.06
0.55±0.06
0.54±0.01c
Ailanthus altissima
1.50±0.08
0.82±0.07
0.79±0.08
0.81±0.02c
Sophora japonica var
1.60±0.11
0.66±0.07
0.58±0.06
0.62±0.04c
Robinia hispida
1.70±0.06
0.39±0.06
0.40±0.05
0.39±0.01c
Euonymus japonica
0.90±0.08
1.07±0.11
1.34±0.11
1.21±0.13c
Lagerstroemia indica
1.10±0.09
0.54±0.09
0.82±0.11
0.68±0.14c
Prunus cersifera
1.30±0.10
0.71±0.11
0.89±0.11
0.80±0.09c
Berberis thunbergii
0.60±0.08
0.67±0.11
0.74±0.10
0.71±0.04c
Ligustrum lucidm
1.20±0.10
1.00±0.10
1.14±0.11
1.07±0.07c
Dianthus chinensis
0.10±0.02
10.62±2.40
12.05±2.74
11.34±0.71a
Poa annua
0.15±0.03
7.34±1.24
6.84±1.41
7.09±0.25b
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
0.70±0.04
1.15±0.35
1.02±0.32
1.09±0.07c
Campsis grandiflora
0.80±0.06
0.46±0.20
0.43±0.21
0.45±0.01c
Wisteria sinensis
1.00±0.07
0.27±0.17
0.35±0.20
0.31±0.04c
Species
Life form
Deciduous tree
Shrub
Herb
Liana
The values are expressed as mean ± S. E.; * Different letters for mean values in the column indicate significant difference between different plants at P<
0.05 (t-test).
生态环境 第 17 卷第 5 期（2008 年 9 月）
1882
Sabina chinensis (t-test: P > 0.05). The mean
dust-removed amount for Cedrus deodare is (3.93±
0.39)g·kg-1, while that for Sabina chinensis is (5.51±
0.28) g·kg-1.
Meanwhile, the two tests on the Campus show
that the dust removed amount of each plant is basically stable for eight days, and so is the order of that of
the same kind of plant. For example, in the first and
second test, for Ailanthus altissima, the dust removed amount is 0.82 g·m-2 and 0.79 g·m-2 respectively, and it is still the first one among all the plants;
for Robinia hispida, the dust removed amount is
0.39 g·m-2 and 0.40 g·m-2 respectively, and that is
still the last one.
2.2 Effect of plant height on the dust removed
amount
From Table 2 and 3, the dust-removed amount of
sampling plant is closely related to its height. For all
the sampling plants of broad leaves, the dust removed
amount entirely presents significantly negative correlation with the height (r = -0.643 2, t-test: P < 0.05).
For deciduous tree and liana species, the dust removed
amount presents negative correlation with the height,
whose coefficient is -0.337 8 and -0.852 7 respectively,
while for shrub species, the dust removed amount
presents positive correlation with the height, whose
coefficient is 0.114 6, though these three correlation
coefficients are not significant by t-test (P > 1.00).
Fig.2 Dust removed amount of needled－
leaf plants under different time
Fig. 3
Dust removed amount of five trees under different time
Fig. 4
Dust removed amount of five shrubs under different time
Fig. 5
Dust removed amount of two herbs under different time
Table 3 Dust removed amount of different
plant species of needled leaves
Life
form
EverCedrus deodare 2.50±0.15 3.54±0.49 4.32±0.42 3.93±0.39b
green
Sabina chinensis 2.00±0.11 5.24±0.33 5.78±0.22 5.51±0.28a
tree
The values are expressed as mean ± S. E.; * Different letters for mean
values in the column indicate significant difference between different
plants at P < 0.05 (t-test).
Species
Height/m
First test Second test mean*
/(g·kg-1)
/(g·kg-1)
/(g·kg-1)
2.3 Relationship between plant dust removed
amount and time
There is an gradual increases in dust removed
amount (g·m-2 or g·kg-1) with time going, and the
changing curve tends to be either Type S or Type J
(Fig.2-6), which shows that the dust removed amount
of the sampling plants is smaller just after rainfall, but
the dust removed amount increases with the air drying
and the dust adding. What’s more, the dust removed
amount of Cedrus deodare, Sabina chinensis, Brous-
Fig. 6
Dust removed amount of three climbers under different time
刘任涛等：中国北方典型污染城市主要绿化树种的滞尘效应
sonetia papyrifera, Sophora japonica var., Robinia
hispida, Euonymus japonica, Ligustrum lucidm tend
to be Type S, which shows that the dust removed
amount of these seven species of plants can be able to
come up to the saturation in a short time, namely the
shorter period approaches to the measuring time.
While that of most other plants tend to be Type J,
which shows that the dust removed amount of these
plants doesn’t reach the maximum, namely the period
is longer and the measuring time hasn’t approached to
the period; whereas the final trend transfers from Type
J to Type S gradually, and the dust removed amount
comes up to its saturation with the time passing step
by step (without rainfall and wind).
2.4 Effect of dust pollution intensity on dust removal capacity
Under different dust pollution status, the dust
removed amount of eight species of plants showed
much difference (Fig.7). With the increasing pollution
intensity, the dust removed amount increase for each
sampling species. Under less polluted condition, the
dust removed amount is less, while under moderately
and heavily polluted conditions, it is more. Likewise,
for the same plant species under different pollution
intensity, the dust removed amount also shows much
difference. For Platanus orientalis, the difference between the less and heavily polluted conditions is
nearly 2.519 1 g·m-2. And the dust removed amount of
Berberis thunbergii shows the least difference among
that of these eight species of plants, but the difference
is still over 0.200 0 g·m-2. Besides these two species
of plants, the difference of dust removed amount of
other six species of plants is still greater.
Fig. 7
Comparison of plant dust absorption
under different pollution conditions
A. Lagerstroemia indica, B. Punica granatum, C. Euonymus japonica, D.
Rosa chinensis, E. Prunus cersifera, F. Platanus orientalis,
G. Berberis thunbergii, H. Sophora japonica var.
1883
2.5
Effect of distance away from pollution
sources on plant dust removed amount
Along spatial gradient from the central street, the
dust removed amount of six kinds of plants decreases
gradually (Fig.8). At 0 m, namely heavy pollution, the
dust removed amount is very high. When it becomes
further, dust removed amount decreases. Furthermore,
at the same distance, different plants also vary in dust
removed amount. Put at 0 m, the dust removed
amount of Periploca sepium is the highest, while that
of Juglans regia is the smallest. But at 40 m, the dust
removed amount of Elaeagnus mollis is the highest,
while that of Ziziphus jujubba, var. is the lowest. By
and large, different species of plants should be selected for the area of different distances away from pollution sources, which can benefit the efficient improvement of dust removal.
Fig. 8
Trend of the amount of plant dust
absorption from different distances
3
Discussions
From the results above, these different sampling
plants have different dust removal capacity, and the
maximum can be about thirty-seven times higher than
the minimum (Table 2). Furthermore, the same plant
also shows difference, under different pollution intensity (Fig.7) and in different distances away from pollution sources (Fig.8). Maybe, dust interception capacity of plants depends on their surface geometry,
phyllotaxy, leaf external characteristics (such as rough,
wrinkle, hairs, cuticle, oil, etc.), and plant height and
canopy of trees [33].
Additionally, the selection of varying kinds of
dust is also an important reason for the different dust
removal capacity of plants [28]. In this paper, the dust
removed amount of all sampling plants present significantly negative correlation with the plant height as a
whole (r = - 0.643 2, t-test: P < 0.05). It is implied
that the big tree may stop and filter the fall or floating
dust, the dense herb can intercept the dust from the
aboveground, and the liana can stop dust from different height. Thus the presence of trees, herb and liana
species in the urban environment can be able to im-
生态环境 第 17 卷第 5 期（2008 年 9 月）
1884
prove air quality through enhancing the uptake of
pollutant gases and particles [34-36]. But care should
also be taken to avoid planting such species with the
individuals too high in the air, as this may result in the
difficult in absorbing dust by wind, and with the dense
canopy structures too close to each other, as this may
hinder the dispersal of pollutants, thus aggravating the
pollution problem [37]. However, the dust removed
amount of shrub indicates positive correlation with the
plant height (r = 0.114 6). This may be related to special dense crown, which is in favor of absorbing the
dust and reducing the dust from the aboveground [38].
Hence, tree, shrub and herb plant species should be
rationally matched in urban greening design, and
some plants, especially the keystone species with high
capacity of dust removed, should be chosen. A keystone species is one that has a disproportionate effect
on its environment relative to its abundance. An ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone
species is removed, even though that species was a
small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or
productivity. Nevertheless, it is very important and
necessary to selection some species of evergreen
leaves, and it is well known for its economic and aesthetic value [18].
Nevertheless, the dust removed amount appears
not limitless over time but periodic, and it also has
saturating capacity (Fig.2-6). The dust on the leaf increases only in a certain time after rainfall. Therefore,
in the semi- arid area of North China, it is essential to
water on the plants and streets to improve the dust
removed capacity of city-greening plants. Located in
the semi-arid area, especially for the large-scale polluting industry of coal as the leading industrial since
eighties last century, Linfen has become one of the
most polluted cities in China, even in the world [39]. So
it has become mandatory to plant appropriate green
species in and around its units to protect the surrounding ecology environment.
From the analysis on the dust removed capacity
of sampling plants by the central street of Ganquan
town, the same plant with varying distance away from
pollution sources has different dust removed capacity.
So around the city, the prime considerations for recommending the green plantation scheme are the nature
of pollutants, emissions levels, and maximum impaction zone [40]. Furthermore, the environmental condi-
tions such as rainfall and wind, etc. are also important
factors. However, Padma et al [40] report that attenuation is far greater if the plantation is near the source,
while after 500 m as one move away from the sources,
attenuation remains more or less constant irrespective
of height of trees. This shows that if it is too far from
the pollution source, the dust removed capacity not
only was very low, but has no relationship to the plant
height. Accordingly, the plantation for greening design
should consider the distance from the pollution
source.
4
Conclusions
Over and above, these different sampling plants
have different dust removal capacity under the same
environment. Significant differences are observed
between herb species and deciduous tree, shrub and
liana species, while not between deciduous tree, shrub
and liana species. Meanwhile, there is a significantly
difference in dust-removed amount between Cedrus
deodare and Sabina chinensis. Nevertheless, the same
plant also shows difference in dust-removed amount
under different pollution intensity and in different distances away from pollution sources. What’s more, the
dust removed appears not limitless over time but periodic, and it also has saturating capacity. Therefore,
the urban-greening plan of the cities needs to take into
account of the selection of plant species and the
matching structure of different life -forms. And around
the industry or city, the distance away from the pollution sources is also included in the consideration.
Furthermore, it is necessary to water on the streets
now and then, which enhances the dust removal capacity of urban- greening plants. And all these above
will be in favor of improvement of the ecological environment as well as its aesthetic value in and around
urban area.
Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the
National Basic Research Program of China
(2009CB421303) and National Natural Science
Foundation of China (40601008; 30370231). We
thank Mr. Wang Chengwei in our lab for their assistance in this study and Dr. Liu Xinping for his critical
revision.
刘任涛等：中国北方典型污染城市主要绿化树种的滞尘效应
References:
[1] HILL A C. Vegetation: a sink for atmospheric pollutants[J]. Journal of
Air Pollution Control Association, 1971, 21: 341-346.
[2] NEERI. Workshop on Computer Aided EIA of Industrial Project[M].
Nagpur: National environmental engineering research institute, India.
1993.
[3]
1885
[21] 柴一新, 祝宁, 韩焕金. 城市绿化树种的滞尘效应——以哈尔滨市
为例[J].应用生态学报, 2002,13(9):1121-1126.
Chai Yixin, Zhu Ning, Han Huanjin. Dust removal effect of urban tree
species in Harbin[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002,
13(9):1121-1126.
[22] 吴中能, 于一苏, 边艳霞. 合肥主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究初报[J].
LIN D A. Air Pollution: Threat and Responses[M]. London: Adi-
安徽农业科学, 2001, 29(6): 780-78.
son-Wesley Publishing Company. 1976.
Wu Zhongneng, Yu Yisu, Bian Yanxia. Primary study on dust removal
[4] SHARMAR S C, ROY R K. Green belt—an effective means of mitigating industrial pollution[J]. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection. 1997, 17: 724-727.
[5] BRACK C L. Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an
of main greening trees in Hefei[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2001, 29(6):780-783.
[23] 程政红, 吴际友, 刘云国, 等. 岳阳市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究
[J]. 中国城市林业, 2004, 2(2):37-40.
urban forest[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2002, 117 (S1): 195-200.
Cheng Zhenghong, Wu Jiyou, Liu Yunguo et al. Effects of main affor-
[6] SHANNIGRAHI A S, SHARMA R C, FUKUSHIMA T. Air pollution
estation tree species on dust blocking in Yueyang city[J]. Journal of
control by optimal greenbelt development for Victoria Memorial
Monument, Kolkata (India)[J]. International Journal of Environmental
[7]
Chinese Urban Forestry, 2004, 2(2):37-40.
[24] 池春月. 临汾市区大气环境污染成因及防治对策[J]. 内蒙古广播
Studies, 2003, 60 (3):241-249.
电视大学学报, 2004, 4:19-20.
TEWARI D N. Urban forestry[J]. Indian Forester, 1994, 120 (8):
Chi Chun Yue. Causes and measures of air pollution in Linfen city[J].
647-657.
[8] RAWAT J S, BANERJEE S P. Urban forestry for improvement of
Journal of Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University, 2004, 4: 19-20.
[25] 崔晓奇, 郭长江, 张爱国. 黄土高原丘陵区土地利用变化与人地关
environment[J]. Journal of Energy Environment Monitoring, 1996, 12
系演变研究——以临汾市为例[J]. 山西师范大学学报, 2006, 20(3):
(2): 109-116.
73-77.
[9] INGOLD C T. Fungal spores[M]. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1971: 302.
Cui Xiaoqi, Guo Changjiang, Zhang Aiguo. Study on land use change
[10] PAL A K, KUMAR V, SAXENA N C. Noise attenuation by green
and man-land relationship evolution in Loess Hilly Gully country—a
plants[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2000, 234 (1): 149-165.
case study of Linfen city[J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University,
[11] FANG C F, LING D L. Guidance for noise reduction provided by tree
belts[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005, 71 (1): 29-34.
[12] MARTINEZ S R, RUBIO C G, RAFFI L M et al. Control of noise by
2006, 20(3): 73-77.
[26] 郭长江, 崔晓奇, 韩军青. 临汾市土地利用动态变化及可持续利用
预测研究[J]. 山西师范大学学报, 2006, 20 (2): 98-103.
trees arranged like sonic crystals[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,
Guo Changjiang, Cui Xiaoqi, Han Junqing. The Study of dynamic
2006, 291 (1/2): 100-106.
change and sustainable land use at Linfen station[J]. Journal of Shanxi
[13] SINGH S K, RAO D N. Evaluation of plants for their tolerance to air
pollution[J]. In: Proceedings Symposium on Air Pollution Control[C],
Normal University, 2006, 20 (2): 98- 103.
[27] 姚泽生,岳亮. 临汾地区国土资源[M]. 太原: 山西人民出版社.
1. New Delhi: Indian Association for Air Pollution Control, India.1983:
1993: 1-17.
218-224.
Yao Zesheng, Yue Liang. Land resources in Linfen[M]. Taiyuan:
[14] HIPPELI S, ELSTNER E F. Mechanisms of oxygen activation during
plant stress: biochemical effects of air pollutants[J]. Journal of Plant
Physiology, 1996,148: 249-257.
Shanxi People's Publishing House. 1993: 4-9.
[28] 张秀梅, 李景平. 城市污染环境中适生树种滞尘能力研究[J]. 环境
科学动态, 2001, (2): 27-30.
[15] CHAULYA S K, CHAKRABORTY M K, SINGH R S. Air pollution
Zhang Xiumei, Li Jingping. Study on dust removed of suitable affor-
modeling for a proposed limestone quarry[J]. Water, Air and Soil Pol-
estion sampling in the polluted city[J]. Environmental Science Trends,
lution, 2001, 126: 171-191.
[16] KIRK R S, MICHAEL G. A, MA Y Q et al. Air pollution and the energy ladder in Asian cities[J]. Energy, 1994, 19(5): 587.
2001, (2): 27-30.
[29] 董希文, 崔强, 王丽敏, 等. 园林绿化树种枝叶滞尘效果分类研究
[J]. 防护林科技, 2005, 64: 28- 30.
[17] KIRK R S, LIU Y C. Indoor air pollution in developing countries[J]. In:
Dong Xiwen, Cui Qiang, Wang Limin, et al. Study on classification of
Epidemiology of lung cancer[C] (ed. Jonathan MS). New York: Marcel
dust- blocking effect of branches of landscaping tree species[J]. Pro-
Dekker Inc. 1994:154-163.
[18] SHANNIGRAHI A S, FUKUSHIMA T, SHARMA R C. Anticipated
tection Forest Science and Technology, 2005, 64: 28- 30.
[30] 杜克勤,刘胜兰,张杰,等. 绿化树木带滞尘能力的测定与探讨[J]. 环
air pollution tolerance of some plant species considered for green belt
境污染与防治,1998, 20(3), 47-48.
development in and around an industrial /urban area in India: an over-
Du Keqin, Liu Shenglan, Zhang Jie et al. Measuring and discussing of
view[J]. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 2004, 61(2):
dust removed of greening tree belt[J]. Environmental Pollution &
125-137.
Control, 1998, 20(3): 47-48.
[19] PRAJAPATI S K, TRIPATHI B D. Anticipated Performance Index of
[31] SOKALL R R, ROHLF F J. Biometry: the principles and practice of
some tree species considered for green belt development in and around
statistics in biological research[M]. 3rd edition. New York: Freeman
an urban area: A case study of Varanasi city, India[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, doi:10.1016/j. jenvman. 2007. 07.002.
[20] 张新献, 古润泽, 陈自新, 等. 北京城市居住区绿地的滞尘效益[J].
W H and Co. 1995: 887.
[32] 苏永中, 赵哈林. 农田沙漠化过程中土壤有机碳和氮的衰减及其机
理研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(8): 928-934.
北京林业大学学报, 1997, 19(4): 12- 17.
Su Yongzhong, Zhao Halin. Losses of soil organic carbon and nitro-
Zhang Xinxian, Gu Runze, Chen Zixin, et al. Dust removal by green
gen and their mechanisms in the desertification process of sandy
areas in the residential quarters of Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing For-
farmlands in Horqin sandy land[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2003,
estry University, 1997, 19(4): 12-17.
36(8): 928-934.
生态环境 第 17 卷第 5 期（2008 年 9 月）
1886
[33] NOWAK D J. Air pollution removed by Chicago’s urban forest[J]. In:
McPherson E G,Nowak D J, Rowntree R A (Eds.), Chicago’s Urban
Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Pro-
dia[J].
Journal
of
Environmental
Management
(2007),
doi:
10.1016/j.jenvman. 2007.07.002.
[38] 陈芳, 周志翔, 郭尔祥, 等. 城市工业区园林绿地滞尘效应的研究:
ject[C]. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-186. 1994:
以武汉钢铁公司厂区绿地为例[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(1):34- 38.
63-81.
Chen Fang, Zhou Zhixiang, Guo Erxiang et al. Dust- retention effect
[34] MCPHERSON E G, NOWAK D J, ROWNTREE R E. Chicago’s
of ornamental green land in urban industrial area: A case study in
urban forest ecosystem: results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate
Wuhan Iron and Steel Company workshop area[J]. Chinese Journal of
Project[J]. USDA general technical report NE- 186. 1994.
[35] BECKETT K P, FREER-SMITH P H, TAYLOR G. Urban woodlands:
Ecology, 2006, 25(1):34-38.
[39] 白惠峰, 梁国宁, 李玉轩. 临汾市城市化进程与空气污染防治协调
their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution[J]. Environ-
发展的综合研究[J]. 山西师范大学学报, 2003, 17(1): 94- 96.
mental Pollution, 1998, 99: 347-360.
Bai Huifeng, Liang Guoning, Li Yuxuan. Comprehensive research on
[36] FREER-SMITH P F, HOLLOWAY S, GOODMAN A. The uptake of
coordinated development for urbanization’s proceed of Linfen and
particulates by an urban woodland: site description and particulate
controlling the air pollution[J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal university,
composition[J]. Environmental Pollution, 1997, 95: 27-35.
2003, 17(1): 94-96.
[37] SANTOSH K, PRAJAPATI B D, TRIPATHI. Anticipated Perfor-
[40] PADMA S R, GAVANE A G, ANKAM S S et al. Performance evalua-
mance Index of some tree species considered for green belt develop-
tion of a green belt in a petroleum refinery: a case study[J]. Ecological
ment in and around an urban area: A case study of Varanasi city, In-
Engineering, 2004, 23, 77- 84.
中国北方典型污染城市主要绿化树种的滞尘效应
刘任涛 1，毕润成 2，赵哈林 1
1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，甘肃 兰州 730000；2. 山西师范大学生命科学学院，山西 临汾 041004
摘要：为研究城市人工植被的滞尘效应及其对城市生态环境的改善作用，以中国北方典型污染城市——临汾市为例，通过野
外典型采样法和室内分析，测定了不同生活型主要绿化植物的滞尘能力，讨论了植物的滞尘量与滞尘时间的关系，并且研究
了污染程度及距污染源距离对植物滞尘能力的影响。结果表明，在同一降尘条件下，不同生活型植物滞尘能力差异表现为草
本植物的滞尘能力显著高于其它生活型植物（落叶乔木，灌木和藤本植物）
，而其它生活型植物间的滞尘能力无显著差异性；
对针叶林来说，圆柏和雪松的滞尘能力间亦存在显著差异。在不同的污染情况下（污染程度及和污染源的距离不同），同种
植物的滞尘能力亦有明显的差异，这与植物的高度和生长特性有关。而且，随时间推移，植物叶片的滞尘量呈现周期变化，
而不是一个随时间无限增长的量，也有其饱和量。因此，在进行城市绿化设计时，需要综合考虑绿化树种的滞尘能力、滞尘
周期及其生长环境情况等。
关键词：绿化植物；滞尘；污染；城市绿化；临汾市