o63 – Chapter 10 Evolution Study Guide
Sections 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 -----Pages 296-317
1. When all the members of a species have died out, the species is extinct.
2. Both genetic mutations/variations and environmental pressure affect Evolution by Natural Selection .
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8.
Traces or remains of organisms that lived long ago are called fossils.
Comparing the structures and DNA of two species sometimes show that the species have a common ancestor.
Charles Darwin helped to explain how species change over time.
Scientists draw a branching diagram to show how whales are related to other species.
Characteristics that can help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment are called adaptations.
Survival of the fittest,which basically states that organisms that are more fit for their environment will be more
successful in surviving and reproducing, is an easy way to describe Natural Selection.
9. The process by which populations slowly change over time is called Evolution.
10. If an environment changes and the adaptations of a species don’t help it survive, it may become extinct.
11. Beak shape is an example of a(n) adaptation, since it helps the bird survive and reproduce.
12. Most of what scientists know about extinct species is based on the fossil record.
13. Required ingredients for the process of Evolution by Natural Selection include time, isolation, and
environmental pressure, and mutations/variations.
14. Helpful variations accumulate in a species through natural selection.
15. A required ingredient for Evolution by Natural Selection that makes it very difficult for us humans to actually
see evolution occurring in our lifetimes is Time.
16. Differences between members of the same species are called variations.
17. Mutations create the variations in a species needed to drive Evolution by Natural Selection, unlike the Build a
Beast assignment, which only required your imagination.
18. Drought, new predators, and natural disasters are all environmental pressure.
19. Isolation of a species can be caused by a(an) islands or mountain range.
20. Artificial selection involves the breeding of plants and animals BY PEOPLE.
21. A group of organisms that can interbreed (reproduce) and have a fertile offspring all belong to the same species.
22. The process of creating a new species is called speciation.
Evolution
Branching diagram
mutations
Natural selection
island
HELPFUL
Environmental
pressures
extinct
adaptation
Mutations
artificial
WORD BANK for 1-22
species
Environmental
pressure
speciation
Natural selection
isolation
Natural selection
fossils
Evolution
species
variations
Common ancestor
Fossil record
time
adaptations
EXTINCT
Short Answer
23. What are 3 environmental factors or pressures that can lead to the extinction of a species? NEW
PREDATORS, LIMITED RESOURCES, INCREASED COMPETITION
24. Who are the baleen whales most closely related to in the branching diagram to the
left? TOOTHED WHALES
25. The branching diagram shows that all the organisms in the diagram shared a
COMMON ANCESTOR.
TASK
Create a study tool of some kind based from the concepts in this unit, from this page. Your tool could be a test,
wordsearch, crossword puzzle, jeopardy, song, or anything you can imagine.