1 FAMOUS QUOTES (As of 12-2003) The quality of strength lined with tenderness is an unbeatable combination, as are intelligence and necessity when unblunted by formal education.--Maya Angelou A beloved rabbi, when he was yet a young child, was playing with a group of other children who were climbing a ladder. All his friends were afraid to climb to the top, but he had no fear. Later his grandfather asked him, "Why were you not afraid to climb and the others were?" "Because as they climbed, they kept looking down," he replied. "They saw how high they were, and they were frightened. As I climbed, I kept looking upward. I saw how low I was, and it motivated me to climb higher."—Anonymous “Success is directly proportionate to your ideas, to your ability to conceive ideas and then to believe them with the kind of conviction that the Indian philosopher had in mind. He said ‘Believing may be difficult, but the need for believing is inescapable.’ And when that’s achieved, your goals are indeed reachable.”-Anonymous If they don't eat, we won't sleep.--Anonymous The learners shall inherit the earth and the learned will be experts in a world that no longer exists.-Anonymous To err is human, to forgive takes restraint; to forget you forgave is the mark of a saint.--Anonymous You can judge your age by the amount of pain you feel when you come in contact with a new idea.--Anonymous The Torah may still be considered as a divine revelation in the sense that it testifies to the reality of God as the spirit that promotes righteousness in the world. We affirm that Torah reveals God, not that God revealed the Torah. We assume that the process by which Torah actually came into being is divine in the sense that it is a manifestation of the will to salvation or life abundant. The doctrines and laws of other civilizations being part of the same process, also are 1 2 divine. How do we take refuge in God? By acting godly, by becoming humanly holy, by carrying out the mizvot of compassion that push back the divisions of humankind and make for one family, one world.--Anonymous A theory "beyond freedom and dignity" must, however, have serious flaws as a guide to teacher behavior. A theory that ignores freedom and dignity in the learning process leads to the practice of constructing "teacher-proof" materials. It also leads to kits designed to be "student-proof," that is, to modify the student's behavior without his understanding or assent to the theory and methods applied to him.—Anonymous This is not leadership. Because of his own love of honor, Agamemnon has failed to honor the best Greek of them all. Now we see how the love of honor vitiates reverence: Reverent leaders respect those who serve under them, but they cannot do that if they are too jealous of their own honor.--Anonymous The Business-War Analogy All’s fair in love and war—and sometimes it seems so in business too, when extreme conditions seem to justify breaking the rules. In my experience, ethical failure is NOT due to ignorance of the rules. And it is NOT due to a failure to take responsibility. It is due to the sense that we have crossed a boundary into territory where the rules no longer matter—for just a moment, for now, while times are especially hard, till we win, till we get out of this hole, till . . till when? . . well, you fill it in.--Anonymous “Americanism is a question of principle, of purpose, of idealism, of character: it is not a matter of birthplace or creed, or line of descent.”— Anonymous Most of the time, in the ordinary course of our lives, we are engaged in behavior. The things we do are predictable and in character. But once in a while, we stop behaving and begin to act. From the point of view of the neutral observer or the objective scientist, the difference may be hard to see. But to those of us who undertake to act, the difference is clear. We act when we cease to be determined by the past, when habit no longer defines what we do in the present and no longer reliably predicts what we will do in the future. We act, when we initiate, when we break the chain of causation that binds the present and the future to the past; when we start a new line of causation, create a situation that is inherently unpredictable.--Hannah Arendt 2 3 “There must be refuge! Men Perished in winter winds till one smote fire From flint stones coldly hiding what they held, The red spark treasured from the kindling sun; They gorged on flesh like wolves, till one sowed corn, Which grew a weed, yet makes the life of man; The mowed and babbled till some tongue struck speech, And patient fingers framed the lettered sound. What good gift have my brothers, but it came From search and strife and loving sacrifice? --Edwin Arnold The pleasure and delight of knowledge and learning, it far surpasseth all other in nature . . . . We see in all other pleasures there is satiety, and after they are used their verdure departeth; which showeth well they be but the deceits of pleasure, and not pleasure: and that it was the novelty that pleasured, not the quality.-Francis Bacon (Lord Verulam) (1561-1626) “Nothing doth more hurt in a state than that cunning men pass for wise.”—Sir Francis Bacon CAN IT HAPPEN AGAIN? Economists generally blame the cataclysm of the 1930s on faulty monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government. In fact, the primary cause of that depression, or of any other, has so far eluded the experts. There was nothing new in the monetary and fiscal policies of those times. The government had followed similar policies during previous recessions. What was so different that turned an ordinary recession in 1930 into an unprecedented collapse? The answer lies in the unprecedented concentration of wealth that peaked in 1929. The concentration of wealth is again rising in the 1980s and beginning to assume the menacing levels of the 1920s.—Dr. Ravi Batra in GREAT DEPRESSION OF 1990 Thus business and techno-scientific action acquire a new political and moral dimension that had previously seemed alien to techno-economic activity. If one wished, one might say that the devil of the economy must sprinkle himself with the holy water of public morality and put on a halo of concern for society and nature.-Ulrich Beck in Risk Society 3 4 Social idealism is dead or dormant, and a vast majority see the United States as king of the hill, at least for a while. In my mind, the absence of a taste for scandal is directly linked to the lack of a social agenda. If you have no idealistic vision of your country, there is no reason to be disturbed by leaders who fall short of high ethical standards.--Lee Bollinger, President of the University of Michigan The margin between that which men naturally do, and that which they can do, is so great that a system which urges men on to action and develops individual enterprise and initiative is preferable, in spite of the wastes that necessarily attend that process.--Louis Brandeis “Do not pray for easy lives; pray to be stronger men! Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers, pray for powers equal to your tasks. Then the doing of your work shall be no miracle, but you shall be a miracle. Every day you shall wonder at yourself, at the richness of life which has come to you by the grace of God.”— Phillips Brooks If you're not building relationships or communicating ideas, you may become a successful order taker, but you'll never be a successful salesperson. -Charles H. Brower p. 8 “There is something here, the mystery of political community, that we don’t really understand well enough to re-establish after we have destroyed it, and therefore we tend to want to hold on to what we have, no matter how bad it is. p. 8 “It may be that in the next period of the world’s history this will be the great discovery, that revolutions can happen without violence if there is enough understanding of what the revolutionary process is. To put it in its most paradoxical form, a legitimate government should be able to find some way of extending its understanding, its intelligence, its reason, and its tolerance to the revolutionary process. I sometimes think that the only future for this country is that it will realize this about the revolutions all over the world and will help to bring a theory of revolution to bear upon our foreign relations. It would be a great thing if we could discover what it is that would bring revolution in as a legitimate process.-- Scott Buchanan in “On Revolution” p. 9 “I’m not sure that we haven’t already made great progress in discovering how 4 5 to build into our own system opport6unities for revolutionary activity. Take the case of the Negro, who is attempting by civil disobedience, by passive resistance, sometimes by the courts and the political process, to change the whole fabric of society so that he can take this place in it. This seems to me to show that we can entertain revolutionary activity in our society and that far from being broken apart by it, or being bathed in blood, we find we can proceed in a relatively orderly fashion. Another revolutionary type of activity perhaps is the sort of thing that took place during the depression, when the threat against established institutions and against the traditional techniques of dealing with economic and social problems was so great that it socialized the outlook of most of our national leaders.-Joseph P. Lyford in “On Revolution” p. 11 “The interesting thing about all this is that the labor unions, because of their success, have lost a great deal of their revolutionary spirit. And of course we’re puzzled by this. Isn’t it interesting that the labor movement, having won its battles, should be somehow at an end?” p. 11 “I have a German friend who was a fighting socialist all his life, a Marxian; in fact, he boasted some years ago that he was lecturing on eight radio stations in Germany for the socialist party and talking Marxism. One of the ironies of this, he said, was that this, saying he was Marxist, was his way of telling people that he wasn’t a Communist because the Communists were no longer Marxian. But he had a kind of crisis within himself when he went back to Germany after the war and discovered that the labor movement, the socialist party in Germany, didn’t know what its aims were any more. I asked him, “What went wrong?” And he said, “The wages are too high.” Then he laughed and said, “This is a terrible thing. What are we going to do about it now?”-- Scott Buchanan in “On Revolution” p. 14 “But suppose we suddenly became discontented again, suppose the bottom dropped out of the market and unemployment went up to 30 million people. There would be a sudden change. Unions would not be what they are today. They would then become instruments for probably violent social and political and economic reform.-- Joseph P. Lyford in “On Revolution” pp. 14-15 “Yes, I suppose this is true. It’s rather like what is being said now about the bomb. If we got into all-out war and devastation took place on a large scale, American society would have to be reorganized suddenly and spontaneously. This would be a revolution of a sort. You can say this, of course, about the New Deal, when an emergency precipitated inventive new forms and incipient 5 6 revolutions were absorbed by the government. But I am not sure that this helps us to understand the principle too well. Let’s see if I can put it another way. Given the situation in the world at present—two-thirds of the people in real poverty and increasing poverty and the other third getting more and more prosperous—it will be necessary, if we are going to be democratic and live a life in common, for the democratic system or the governmental system to extend itself in areas that now seem to us violent, dark, and in some deep way incomprehensible. We are going to have to take a chance. We won’t have the blueprints for this; we will have to learn by doing.”-- Scott Buchanan in “On Revolution” p. 18 “He’s good for a laugh. When Emerson came to see him in jail and said, ‘What are you doing in there, Henry?’ Thoreau looked out through the bars and said, “What are you doing out there, Ralph?’”-- Joseph P. Lyford in “On Revolution” p. 20 “Although Gandhi knew that certain British laws were not just, he assumed they were. And he found the leverage that proved they weren’t just by going to jail himself. There were occasions when the judge said, ‘Oh, we won’t send you to jail now,’ and Gandhi said, ‘It’s your duty, Mr. Justice, to send me to jail.’ This is a technique that is worthy of consideration, and I’m considering it myself.” p. 22 “On the other hand, a group of younger students who also were here were saying that they weren’t afraid of their future in politics. They would take their chances on that. They thought that they ought to be responsible at least when they were students. They were also saying another thing, and that was that they had a responsibility to the university they belonged to to be revolutionary. The education they are getting is dull and conformist and affluent in its source and in its general temper, and this is intolerable to them.” p. 28 “Yes. I’m a sort of convinced Calhounist. I had never read him until about ten years ago and I was terribly impressed. I think everyone ought to read his great papers. He was talking for something that bears heavily on what we are saying here. He was stating very simply that the government in the ordinary sense of the word is made in two parts. One is the Constitution and the other is the operating government.” p. 30 “That’s right. He was pleading for what we were talking about earlier, some 6 7 way of legitimizing the revolution. He was saying that when you get an irrepressible conflict, as he called it, something that is of vital importance to a minority, there should be some formal means to refer it to the right deciding body. This is never done; there is no provision made for such a procedure; hence, the civil war. And I would add what he can’t say because he isn’t around: hence, American politics ever since.”-- Scott Buchanan in “On Revolution” p. 30 “But the great difference, it seems to me, between the time of Calhoun and the present time with regard to the integration decisions of the Court is that the battle is being fought in the courts and as a constitutional issue rather than as an armed conflict. At least we have progressed that far.”-- Joseph P. Lyford in “On Revolution” pp. 31-32 “Yes. The judicial system can help in this situation. But Calhoun was asking for more. Let me see if I can put what Calhoun was saying in a nutshell so that it fits with what you were just now saying. I am sure that he would agree with us that political battles are better fought in elections, legislative debates, and by the adversary system in the courts than by armed conflicts. But he found that even in his time many of the political processes had been reduced in practice to power politics, which he identified with the manipulation and coercion of numerical majorities. He seems to have been willing to tolerate rule by numerical majority in the many urgent matters with which the government has to deal. But for the few important matters that mean life or death for the body politic he proposed the other procedures for which he is famous—as he called them, the procedures of the concurrent majority. Let a minority that sees the injustice and tyranny in a law passed by the numerical majority have the right of negating, vetoing, nullifying, that law as a step in getting it reconsidered as a constitutional question under rules that require deeper deliberation and approximation to unanimity, something that would compare with the verdict of a jury or the resolutions of a Quaker meeting. It seems to me that Calhoun was asking for the invention of an institution or a procedure that would formally admit civil disobedience, not only as a legitimate procedural step in self-government, but also as the pledge of a new faith in deliberation as the method of discovering political truth.”-- Scott Buchanan in “On Revolution” “I do not ask to walk smooth paths Nor bear an easy load. I pray for strength and fortitude To climb the rock-strewn road. 7 8 Give me such courage I can scale The hardest peaks alone, And transform every stumbling block Into a steppingstone.”—Gail Brook Burkett Poverty is imprisonment without a drawbridge.—Camus “Nothing that was worthy of the past departs; no truth or goodness realized by man every dies, or can die; but is all still here, and recognized or not, lives and works through endless changes.”—Thomas Carlyle Angels can fly because they take themselves lightly.--G.K. Chesterton We Hand One Another Along Finally, there are these words from a New Orleans elementary school teacher of Ruby’s, whom I also came to know when that city was struggling with racial antagonisms as they became a moral crisis: “You have a real honest talk with yourself and find out who you are and what you really believe is right, the correct choice, and why that’s it, and then, with your values figured out, the reasons you have why you are ready to do something. That means you have to act, act on your beliefs, and you have to behave right, not just talk right, and you have to convince others to go in the direction you’re going, where you’re headed, convince them that they should join with you, take your hands in theirs, a go-along party of folks, that’s how I’d say it: a leader is someone who knows how to persuade others to keep others company, to stand for what she believes in, the good, the one hundred percent right thing to do—and so they’re all walking like a strong family does: all on a walk together, and keeping tune with each other, and getting strong on account of each other. That’s what you do for yourself and for other folks: you keep each other going, you give each other reason to keep going. If you’re going to lead, you have to win people over to what you believe is the truth, the way to truth, and that means they’re willing to put their trust in you, and that’s a gift, you know—the leader is given trust because the ones he’s leading (or it can be a she!), they believe it’s right to follow, right for them and right for what they think is right.”—Robert Coles from Lives of Moral Leadership 8 9 “Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one, have ofttimes no connection. Knowledge dwells in heads replete with thoughts of other men; wisdom in minds attentive to their own. Knowledge is proud that it knows so much; wisdom is humble that it knows no more.”—William Cowper “He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he that loses his courage loses all.”—Miguel de Cervantes “In its day, The Complete British Tradesman was simply an intensely practical book. Wrote Defoe: ‘…Thus the prudent Tradesman that goes on carefully and gently lets no Irons burn, and yet lets no Irons cool; he truly drives his Trade, but does not push it; keeps it going, but does not overrun it; keeps within his own Orbit, and within the Circle of his own diurnal Revolution. This is, in a Word, the Compleat Tradesman.’”—Daniel Defoe “I expect to pass this way but once; any good therefore that I can do, or any kindness that I can show to any fellow Creature, let me do it now. Let me not defer or neglect it, for I shall not pass this way again.”—Etienne de Grellet There is continual dying of possible futures. And two mistakes are common: to be unaware of them while they are, so to speak, alive, and to be unaware of their death when they have been killed off by lack of discovery. —de Jouvenel What should move us to action is human dignity, the inalienable dignity of the oppressed, but also the dignity of each of us. We lose dignity if we tolerate the intolerable.--Dominique de Menil Not perfection as a final goal, bur the ever-enduring process of perfecting, maturing, refining, is the aim in living. The good man is the man who, no matter how morally unworthy he has been, is moving to become better. Such a conception makes one sever in judging himself and humane in judging others.—John Dewey These four facts, natural science, experimentation, control and progress have 9 10 been inextricably bound up together. That up to the present the application of the newer methods and results has influenced the means of life rather than its ends; or, better put, that human aims have so far been affected in an accidental rather than in an intelligently directed way, signifies that so far the change has been technical rather than human and moral, that it has been economic rather than adequately social. Put in the language of Bacon, this means that while we have been reasonably successful in obtaining command of nature by means of science, our science is not yet such that this command is systematically and preeminently applied to the relief of human estate. Such applications occur and in great numbers, but they are incidental, sporadic and external. And this limitation defines the specific problem of philosophical reconstruction at the present time. For it emphasizes the larger social deficiencies that require intelligent diagnosis, and projection of aims and methods. – John Dewey in RECONSTRUCTION IN PHILOSOPHY What, specifically, is modernism? As a way of reacting to the modern world, modernism is the consciousness of what once was presumed to be present and is now seen as missing. It might be considered as a series of felt absences, the gap between what we know is not and what we desire to be: knowledge without truth, power without authority, society without spirit, self without identity, politics without virtue, existence without purpose, history without meaning. Such dualisms and gaps had been known since Plato, but traditionally it had been assumed that the faculties of mind or the forces of faith would enable humankind to resolve them. Today the contemporary "postmodernist" offers a different message: we should go beyond modernism and take a more relaxed look at things, either by comprehending how knowledge, power, and society function, by viewing history without purpose and meaning as simply the longing of human desire for its completion, or by giving up trying to explain the nature of things and being content with studying how beliefs come to be justified. To Dewey, who in some ways anticipated postmodernism (minus the later Parisian verbal fuss), all such absences and their desire for fulfillment could be traced to the dualism of nature and spirit, a false outlook that fails to recognize that mind evolved from matter and thus can neither be separated from it nor reduced to it. Dewey could agree with the postmodernist that philosophy has been trying futilely to prove what is not there; but while the postmodernist seems to delight in exposing the illusions of thinking, Dewey had long been convinced that the classical questions of philosophy have no practical bearing in daily life. In offering pragmatism, Dewey gave America something to be used; in resisting it, Adams held out for something to be worshiped.--John Patrick Diggins “The more the masses need the belief in the leader, the more they feel the strain which this belief imposes in its danger of sudden collapse. This collapse will 10 11 come as soon as there is an alternative to the belief in the demonic nature of the leader, that is, as soon as there is a new order and a new creed. But—and that is the main spring of totalitarian successes and strengths—they cannot overcome otherwise. There can be no doubt that the masses and their great majority will continue to worship their self-invented demon out of sheer despair as long as the only alternative is the vacuum.” –Peter Drucker from The End of Economic Man “Truth, be more precious to me than eyes of happy love; burn hotter in my throat than passion, and possess me like my pride; more sweet than freedom, more desired than joy, more sacred than the pleasing of a friend.”—Max Eastman Law, in short, is a flawed tool for measuring scandal, just as it is often a clumsy tool for righting wrongs. Americans are constantly worrying that law has not served justice: think of the conflicting O.J. verdicts, or the controversy over whether the accused Oklahoma bomber can have a fair trial. And yet, in the end, such worries are both inevitable and pointless. Law cannot resolve moral arguments flawlessly. But law is preferable to the alternative, which is arbitrariness. In the absence of codified rules of conduct, it is not merely possible that the rich and powerful will get the better of ordinary citizens. It is certain that they will.--The Economist Political history is largely an account of mass violence and of the expenditure of vast resources to cope with mythical fears and hopes. At the same time, large groups of people remain quiescent under noxiously oppressive conditions and sometimes passionately defend the very social institutions that deprive or degrade them—Murray Edelman The significant problems we face today cannot be solved at the same level of thinking as when we created them."—Einstein One of the most poignant exchanges in Einstein’s role as a philosopher came when he was 70 and living in Princeton. An ordained rabbi had written explaining that he had sought in vain to comfort his 19-year-old daughter over the death of her sister, “a sinless, beautiful, 16-year-old child.” “A human being,” wrote Einstein in reply, “is part of the whole, called 11 12 by us ‘Universe’ a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest—a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole nature in its beauty. Nobody is able to achieve this completely, but the striving for such achievement is in itself a part of the liberation and a foundation for inner security.”-- Albert Einstein “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.”—Albert Einstein People who value their privileges above their principles soon lose both.--Dwight Eisenhower “God be praised, Antonio Stradivari had an eye That winces at false work and loves The true . . . And for my fame—when any master holds ‘Twixt chin and hand a violin of mine, He will be glad that Stradivari lived, Made violins, and made of the best . . . I say not God Himself can make man’s best Without best men to help Him . . . ‘Tis God gives skill, But not without men’s hands: He could not make Antonio Stradivari’s violins Without Antonio.”—George Eliot: Stradivarius These ideas help us make sense of the political fallout from "rights talk" that surely puts democracy on trial. Let me elaborate by further developing one of my earlier claims. On the one hand, we witness a morally exhausted Left embracing the logic of the market by endorsing the translation of wants into rights. Although the political Left continues to argue for taming the market in an economic sense, it follows the market model when social relations are concerned, seeing in any restriction of individual "freedom" or "lifestyle option," as we call it today, an unacceptable diminution of rights and free expression. On the other hand, many on the political Right love the untrammeled 12 13 (or the less trammeled the better) iperations of the market in economic life, but call for a state-enforced restoration of traditional mores, including strict sexual and social scripts for men and women in family and work life. Both rely on either the market or the state to "organize their codes of moral obligation, but what they really need," Wolfe insisted, "is civil society-families, communities, friendship networks, solidaristic workplace ties, voluntarism, spontaneous groups and movements-not to reject, but to complete the project of modernity."-Jean Bethke Elshtain The hour of that choice is the crisis of your history....Be content with a little light, so it be your own. Explore, and explore... .Make yourself necessary to the world, and mankind will give you bread.—Ralph Waldo Emerson “Never lose an opportunity for seeing anything that is beautiful; for beauty is God’s handwriting—a wayside sacrament. Welcome it in every fair face, in every fair sky, in every fair flower, and thank God for it as a cup of blessing.”—Ralph Waldo Emerson “A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere. Before him I may think aloud.”—Ralph Waldo Emerson “Do not wish for self-confidence in yourself; get it from within. Nobody can give it to you. It is one of the greatest assets of life. Self-confidence comes to you every time you are knocked down and get up. A little boy was asked how he learned to skate: ‘Oh, by getting up every time I fell down,’ he replied . . . Selftrust is the first secret of success.”—Ralph Waldo Emerson Societies that tolerate and even encourage so destructive a force within their own bodies must at some point have taken a wrong turning. We have given Wrath its license by elevating a flagrantly misleading concept of individual and human rights. Any felt need or desire or longing, for anything which one lacks and someone else has, is today conceived to be a right which, when demanded, must be conceded without challenge; and if it is not at once conceded, the claimants are entitled to be angry. We can hardly blame the claimants for taking advantage of this foolishness, for they are justified in advance on four ground: what they want, it is their right to have; when it is asked, it should be granted; if it is not granted, it is understandable that they get angry; and since they are angry, their demand must in the first place have been justified. No civilized societies can ever before have trapped themselves into such a vicious circle, for there are no boundaries which can logically be set to the concept of individual and human rights that we have adopted so frivolously. Any of us may 13 14 simply express a felt need or want as a right, and our societies have left themselves with no rebuttal.--Henry Fairlie “Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.”-- William Faulkner Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure: that when the last dingdong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.”-- William Faulkner The comparison with Europe can be strengthened by pointing out that on a number of measures—including productivity, hours worked, international competitiveness and capital investment—Europeans have actually done better than the U.S. So that having the rich pay a fairer share of the tax burden doesn’t mean sacrificing growth and efficiency.-Jeff Faux The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, nor all your tears wash out a Word of it.Edward FitzGerald “The final Busy-Body that was mainly written by Franklin made fun of treasure seekers who used divining rods and dug up the woods looking for buried pirate loot. “Men otherwise of very good sense have been drawn into this practice through an overweening desire of sudden wealth,” he wrote, “while the rational 14 15 and almost certain methods of acquiring riches by industry and frugality are neglected.” The fable, an attack on the get-rich-quick schemes of the time, went on to preach Franklin’s favorite theme: slow and steady diligence is the true way to wealth. He ended by quoting what his imaginary friend Agricola said on giving his son a parcel of land: “I assure thee I have found a considerable quantity of gold by digging there; thee mayst do the same. But thee must carefully observe this, Never to dig more than plow deep.”—Benjamin Franklin The essence of Franklin is that he was a civic-minded man. He cared more about public behavior than inner piety, and he was more interested in building the City of Man than the City of God. The maxim he had proclaimed on his first trip back from London—“Man is a sociable being”—was reflected not only in his personal collegiality, but also in his belief that benevolence was the binding virtue of society. As Poor Richard put it, “He that drinks his cider alone, let him catch his horse alone.”—Benjamin Franklin By the summer of 1748, the threat of war had passed and the Militia Association disbanded, without any attempt by Franklin to capitalize on his new power and popularity. But the lessons he learned stayed with him. He realized that the colonists might have to fend for themselves instead of relying on their British governors, that the powerful elites deserved no deference, and that “we the middling people” of workers and tradesmen should be the proud sinews of the new land. It also reinforced his core belief that people, and perhaps someday colonies, could accomplish more when they joined together rather than remained separate filaments of flax, when they formed unions rather than stood alone.— Benjamin Franklin, An American Life “He speaks as if he thought it presumption in man to propose guarding himself against the thunders of Heaven!” Franklin wrote a friend. “Surely the thunder of Heaven is no more supernatural than the rain, hail or sunshine of Heaven, against the inconvenience of which we guard by roofs and shades without scruple.”— Benjamin Franklin There were, of course, more momentous issues to debate. The Assembly was dominated by Quakers, who were generally pacifist and frugal. They were often at odds with the family of the Proprietors, led by the great William Penn’s not-sogreat son Thomas, who didn’t help relations when he married an Anglican and drifted away from the Quaker faith. The main concerns of the Proprietors were getting more land from the Indians and making sure that their property remained exempt from taxation.—Benjamin Franklin, An American Life 15 16 “A romance? Yes, but a romance in the Franklinian manner, somewhat risqué, somewhat avuncular, taking a bold step forward and an ironic step backward, implying that he is tempted as a man but respectful as a friend. Of all shades of feeling, this one, the one the French call amite amoureuse—a little beyond the platonic but short of the grand passion—is perhaps the most exquisite.”—from Benjamin Franklin, An American Life “There is, however, a prudent moderation to be used in studies of this kind. The knowledge of nature may be ornamental, and it may be useful, but if to attain an eminence in that we neglect the knowledge and practice of essential duties, we deserve reprehension. For there is no rank in natural knowledge of equal dignity and importance with that of being a good parent, a good child, a good husband, or wife.”—Benjamin Franklin “Chess, he said, taught foresight, circumspection, caution, and the importance of not being discouraged. There was also an important etiquette to be practiced: never hurry your opponent, do not try to deceive by pretending to have made a bad move, and never gloat in victory: “Moderate your desire of victory over your adversary, and be pleased with the one over yourself.” There were even times when it was prudent to let an opponent retract a bad move: “You may indeed happen to lose the game to your opponent, but you will win what is better, his esteem.”—Benjamin Franklin, An American Life “There are two passions which have a powerful influence in the affairs of men. These are ambition and avarice; the love of power and the love of money. Separately, each of these has great force in prompting men to action; but, when united in view of the same object, they have in many minds the most violent effects … And of what kind are the men that will strive for this profitable preeminence, through all the bustle of cabal, the heat of contention, the infinite mutual abuse of parties, tearing to pieces the best of characters? It will not be the wise and moderate, the lovers of peace and good order, the men fittest for the trust. It will be the bold and the violent, the men of strong passions and indefatigable activity in their selfish pursuits.”—Benjamin Franklin, An American Life One of the arguments against immediate abolition, which Franklin had heretofore accepted, was that it was not practical or safe to free hundreds of thousands of adult slaves into a society for which they were not prepared. (There were about 16 17 seven hundred thousand slaves in the United States out of a total population of four million in 1790.) So his abolition society dedicated itself not only to freeing slaves but also to helping them become good citizens. “Slavery is such an atrocious debasement of human nature that its very extirpation, if not performed with solicitous care, may sometimes open a source of serious evils,” Franklin wrote in a November 1789 address to the public from the society. “The unhappy man, who has long been treated as a brute animal, too frequently sinks beneath the common standard of the human species. The galling chains that bind his body do also fetter his intellectual faculties and impair the social affections of his heart.”—Benjamin Franklin, An American Life My favorite, though, was that we now live in an age of what a Microsoft researcher, Linda Stone, called continuous partial attention. I love that phrase. It means that while you are answering your e-mail and talking to your kid, your cell phone rings and you have a conversation. You are now involved in a continuous flow of interactions in which you can only partially concentrate on each. “If being fulfilled is about committing yourself to someone else, or some experience, that requires a level of sustained attention,” said Ms. Stone. And that is what we are losing the skills for, because we are constantly scanning the world for opportunities and we are constantly in fear of missing something better. That has become incredibly spiritually depleting. I am struck by how many people call my office, ask if I’m in, and, if I’m not, immediately ask to be connected to my cell phone or pager. (I carry neither.) You’re never out anymore. The assumption now is that you’re always in. Out is over. Now you are always in. And when you are always in, you are always on. And when you are always on, what are you most like? A computer server.— Thomas L. Friedman in Longitudes and Attitudes Mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality. Love is an active power in man; a power which breaks through the walls which separates man from his fellow men, which unites him with others; love makes him overcome the sense of isolation and separateness, yet it permits him to be himself, to retain his integrity. In love the paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two.--Eric Fromm writes in The Art of Loving Let us face the problem squarely. We cannot stop automation and mechanization of manual and clerical work, because it is a powerful means of increasing the wealth and well-being of our industrial civilization. But if we do not stop automation and mechanization, we cannot stop the lowest intelligence 17 18 brackets from becoming unemployable on the production line. We then have the choice of bracketing them with the lunatics and feebleminded, whom our society already maintains at the taxpayer's expense.--Dennis Gabor All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership.--John Kenneth Galbraith ...it is only as man acquires the full consciousness of his circumstances that he renders the maximum of his capacities. To claim a right requires the acceptance of the responsibility and obligation to preserve and enhance this right for the enjoyment of others. It is precisely because man's vital time is limited, precisely because he is mortal, that he needs to triumph over distance and delay. For an immortal being, the motor-car would have no meaning. We shall see, nevertheless, how it is possible to obtain from the past, if not positive orientation, certain negative counsel. The past will not tell us what we ought to do, but it will what we ought to avoid.--Ortega Y. Gasset For me, then, nobility is synonymous with a life of effort, ever set on excelling oneself, in passing beyond what one is to what one sets up as a duty and an obligation. In this way the noble life stands opposed to the common or inert life, which reclines statically upon itself, condemned to perpetual immobility, unless an external force compels it to come out of itself. Hence we apply the term mass to this kind of man-not so much because of his multitude as because of his inertia.--Ortega Y. Gasset And a woman who held a bade against her bosom said: Speak to us of Children. And he said: your children are not your children. They are the sons and daughters of life's longing for itself. They come through you but not from you, and though they are with you, they belong not to you. You may give them your love but not your thoughts, for they have their own thoughts. You may house their bodies but not their souls, for their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams. You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them like you. For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday. You are the bows from which your children as living arrows are sent forth.-Kahlil Gibran “The theme of being disrespected runs through both my own clinical work with violent offenders and, indeed, through the entire world literature on violence; it’s like a leitmotif that appears wherever violence occurs.”-- James Gilligan 18 19 “…[T]he most powerful predictor of the homicide rate throughout the world is the size of the gap between the rich and the poor.”-- James Gilligan He said this when he talked about the New York Yankees team, "The Yankee players, not the managers, became the keepers of their own tradition. The harshness in the locker room was a reflection of the economic coldness of the world outside. If a young player came up and did not play hard, the veterans would get on him. `That's my money you're playing with,' they would say, and they meant their World Series checks. Usually that was enough. When Eddie Lopat joined the Yankees after several years with the White Sox, he was stunned by the more serious attitude of the Yankee players. Right from the start, in training, they were talking about the need to win the pennant in order to play in the World Series. Nothing was to come between them and their rightful postseason bonus. 'It was a very tough team,' Gene Woodling later said. 'It was a team where everyone demanded complete effort. It was not a team where anyone ever said `nice try when you made a long run after a fly ball and didn't get to it. I played on a lot of other teams and they all did that. But not on the Yankees. I think someone might have hit you if you said it--nice try, my ass. You weren't supposed to try, you were supposed to do it. We led the league in RAs-Red Asses--that's the baseball term for very tough, hard guys. We had more than anyone in the league. Even DiMaggio--elegant as hell, beautiful clothes, always a suit, a gent, but on the field a real RA."--David Halberstam The writer of this particular section of the book, Wade F. Horn, Ph.D., said on discovering that he had cancer, "Of course, my attention still wonders at times. I am not perfect. But forever and always no longer means tomorrow. For my two daughters, forever and always means today.--Bill Hanson from A Shoulder to Lean On Yes, customers can indeed be unfair, but in a turbulent global economy, where competition among vendors is frenzied and choices among customers are profuse, that's a fact of life. We can choose to ignore my father as a crank, or, as suggested above, invite him to be part of the hospital's management web. If you're still doubtful, read the next tale. And remember, truth can be stranger than fiction.--Oren Harari In this high-pressure arena, tepid, ultra-cautious or "me-too" strategies are a 19 20 prescription for uphill struggle at best, outright failure at worst. If customers and investors can't identify what makes your organization and your products unique, special, and different, you're headed for serious trouble.--Oren Harari “Happiness is a butterfly which, when pursued, is always beyond our grasp, but which, if you sit down quietly, may alight on you. Happiness in the world comes incidentally. Make it the object of pursuit and it leads to a wild-goose chase and is never attained.”—Nathaniel Hawthorne Thinking begins when you come to know that reason glorified for centuries is the most obstinate adversary of thinking.--Martin Heidegger Shall we end by having a theocracy? No, indeed. Faith unites us, knowledge gives us freedom. We shall therefore prevent any theocratic tendencies from coming to the fore on the part of our priesthood. We shall keep our priests within the confines of their temples in the same way as we shall keep our professional army within the confines of their barracks. Army and priesthood shall receive honours high as their valuable functions deserve. But they must not interfere in the administration of the State which confers distinction upon them, else they will conjure up difficulties without and within. Every man will be as free and undisturbed in his faith or his disbelief as he is in his nationality. And if it should occur that men of other creeds and different nationalities come to live amongst us, we should accord them honorable protection and equality before the law. We have learnt toleration in Europe. This is not sarcastically said; for the antiSemitism of today could only in a very few places be taken for old religious intolerance. It is for the most part a movement among civilized nations by which they try to chase away the specters of their own past.--Theodore Herzl Now we must confront another problem: not how liberalism can defend itself against totalitarianism, but how it can defend itself against itself--against its own weaknesses and excesses. In the Marxist jargon that has survived the death of the Marxist regimes, this is the new "problematic" of liberalism. How can a society that celebrates the virtues of liberty, individuality, variety, and tolerance sustain itself when those virtues, carried to extreme, threaten to subvert that liberal society and with it those very virtues?--Gertrude Himmelfarb There is nothing noble in being superior to some other man. The true nobility is being superior to your previous self.--Hindu Proverb 20 21 “Yet there is, as Richard Hofstadter suggests, a distinction between ‘intelligence’ and ‘intellect’ which is even more relevant to our understanding of the intellectual’s role in politics: ‘…Intelligence is an excellence of mind that is employed within a fairly narrow, immediate and predictable range; it is a manipulative, adjustive, unfailingly practical quality….Intelligence works within the framework of limited but clearly stated goals…. ‘…Intellect, on the other hand, is a critical, creative, and contemplative side of mind. Whereas intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, adjust, intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, imagines. Intelligence will see the immediate meaning in a situation and evaluate it. Intellect evaluates evaluations, and looks for the meanings of situations as a whole….”-- Richard Hofstadter from “The Intellectual in Politics” by John Brademas In this symposium my part is only to sit in silence. To express one's feelings as the end draws near is too intimate a task. But I may mention one thought that comes to me as listener-in. The riders in a race do not stop short when they reach the goal. There is a little finishing canter before coming to a standstill. There is time to hear the kind voice of friends and to say to one's self: 'The work is done.' But just as one says that, the answer comes: 'The race is over, but the work never is done while the power to work remains.' The canter that brings you to a standstill need not be only coming to rest. It cannot be while you still live. For to live is to function. That is all there is in living. And so I end with a line from a Latin poet who uttered the message more than fifteen hundred years ago: 'Death plucks my ears and says, Live--I am coming.--Oliver Wendell Holmes On poverty: Oh poverty is a weary thing Tis full of grief and pain It keepeth down the soul of man As with an iron chain-- Mary Howitt, The Sale of the Pet Lamb (1844) 21 22 “O, it is not for the rude breath of man to blow out the lamp of hope. Instead, let us hold it high, a guide by day, a pillar of fire by night, to cheer each pilgrim on his way. For have there not been times, O God, when we peered into The gloom, and the heavens were hung with black, and then When life was well-nigh gone, we saw a light. It was the Star of Hope.”—Elbert Hubbard “The greatest happiness in the world is the conviction that we are loved, loved for ourselves, or rather loved in spite of ourselves.”—Victor Hugo Your corn is ripe today; mine will be so tomorrow. 'Tis profit for us both, that I shou'd labour with you today, and that you shou'd aid me tomorrow. I have no kindness for you, and know you have as little for me. I will not, therefore, take any pains upon your account; and should I labour with you upon my own account, in expectation of a return, I know I shou'd in vain depend upon your gratitude. Here then I leave you to labour alone; You treat me in the same manner. The seasons change; and both of uS lose our harvests for want of mutual confidence and security.--David Hume The desire to be well thought of makes people reluctant to say no to anyone regarding anything. We should cultivate an ability to say no to activity for which we have no time, no talent and no interest or real concern. If we learn to say no to many things, then we will be able to say yes to things that matter most.-Richard lannelli “I can see you’re tired, son, and disappointed,” said Guiditta to Rocco. “You have the sadness of one who set out to go very far and ends up by finding himself where he began. Didn’t they teach you at school that the world is round?”--Ignacio Ilone 22 23 The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it!-Will James There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision, and for whom the lighting of every cigar, the drinking of every cup, the time of rising and going to bed every day, and the beginning of every bit of work, are subjects of express deliberation. Full half the time of such a man goes to the deciding, or regretting, of matters which ought to be so ingrained in him as practically not to exist for his consciousness at all. If there be such daily duties not yet ingrained in any one of my readers, let him begin this very hour to set the matter right.-Will James One of the interesting indicators of this paradoxical connection between our sense of helplessness and our ceaseless activity is how much difficulty we have actually saying, "You know, I can't do anything about that." We often find that people in organizations have to create a belief that they can make change happen in order to justify their meaningless activity. So they're caught in an enormous set of contradictions. At one level, they believe they can't influence anything. At another level, they create a story that says, "We can make it happen." And they busy themselves doing things that they know won't have any impact. It's like rats on a treadmill; they get tired after a while. Recently a very successful manager told me that she had suddenly realized that all her life she had just been treading water, knowing we're actually not going any place. But we're terrified that if we stop, we'll drown. Our lives will be meaningless. When this new type of commitment starts to operate, there is a flow around us. Things just seem to happen. We begin to see that with very small movements, at just the right time and place, all sorts of consequent actions are brought into being. We develop what artists refer to as an "economy of means," where, rather than getting things done through effort and brute force, we start to operate very subtly. A flow of meaning begins to operate around us, as if were part of a larger conversation. This is the ancient meaning of dialogue: (dia *logos) "flow of meaning." We start to notice that things suddenly are just attracted to us in ways that are very puzzling. A structure of 23 24 underlying causes, a set of forces, begins to operate, as if we were surrounded by a magnetic field with magnets being aligned spontaneously in this field. But this alignment is not spontaneous at all--it's just that the magnets are responding to a more subtle level of causality.-Sycronicity by Jaworski Later, when I sat down and actually read The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth, I encountered a savior who was born in the usual way and died in the usual way. By Jefferson's reading, it was Jesus' unusual life on earthmade unusual by the simple eloquence of teachings-that truly mattered. Though I have developed a deeper appreciation for the Gospels in their received form than Jefferson had, this put a bold new spin on the question of redemption, one that has stayed with me. I define religion as our human response to the dual reality of being alive and having to die. Resurrection or no resurrection, Jesus triumphed over death: he lives in such a way that his life proved worth dying for.-Thomas Jefferson Book Faith: not at all the same as belief. Zen philosopher Alan Watts explains the difference: "Belief ... is the insistence that the truth is what one would 'like' or wish it to be.... Faith ...is an unreserved opening of the mind to the truth, whatever it may turn out to be. Faith has no preconceptions; it is a plunge into the unknown. Belief clings, but faith lets go....faith is the essential virtue of science, and likewise of any religion that is not self-deception.--Fenton Johnson Monasticism is the archetypal manifestation of the impulse to mystery, an institutionalized response to the intuitive need to construct and dwell in sacred time. What's remarkable is that, although separated by vast gaps of geography and history and culture, both Western and traditional Eastern monastics lead lives committed to poverty, celibacy, and obedience, addressing the three great obstacles to faith, the cornerstones of secular culture-money, sex and power.Fenton Johnson At a panel on the explosion of Buddhist reference in pop culture, graphic designer Milton Glaser posed the question: "In a culture where every image or idea can and will be used for commerce, how can anything remain sacred?" And if nothing sacred remains, why not lie and Steal? When we're barraged with messages equating personal worth with material wealth, when the poorest poor can buy a gun, what's astonishing ms not that American has so much violence but that it has so little-testimony both to some elemental longing for virtue and to 24 25 our willingness to fund a police state as the price of prosperity. Meanwhile, fundamentalist movements grow here and abroad, as people seek to find or restore value in lives that corporate capitalism perceives as another resource to be exploited, exhausted, and trashed.--Fenton Johnson Sister Maricela Garcia was born in Mexico to a poor family and spent years in a teaching order before seeking out the Trappistines. Olive-skinned, darkeyed, a Garcia Lorca woman, she shines with a fierceness that brought her to be transferred from her Trappistine monastery in northern California to Gethsemani for three months that became three years, in which she lived as the only woman among an enclosed, cloistered community of seventy men. "What are we doing to awaken a questioning attitude in the people who come to us?" she asked me then. "We wear a dress from the twelfth century that stands up because it's so dirty, but we can't take it off because we'll be naked. That's us not wanting to change, fearing change and not understanding our own worth. Change is always uncomfortable. To me the obvious issue is: We're dying out. We're no longer a living tradition. Younger people are thirsting for a spiritual life, and we're not doing our job in offering it to them."-Fenton Johnson This is the great contradiction between our economics and our political and spiritual aspirations: capitalism excels in offering choice, but liberty fulfills itself not in choice but in discipline. Life is like water: it takes the shape of the vessel into which it's poured; remove the vessel and it's lost. What we are seeking are vessels into which to pour the chaos of life; what we are seeking are models of discipline.--Fenton Johnson “What makes the difference between man and all the rest of the animal creation? Every beast that strays beside me has the same corporal necessities with myself; he is hungry and crops the grass, he is thirsty and drinks the stream, his thirst and hunger are appeased, he is satisfied and sleeps; he rises again and is hungry, he is again fed and is at rest. I am hungry or thirsty like him, but when thirst or hunger cease, I am not at rest; I am like him pained with want, but am not, like him satisfied with fullness.”-- Samuel Johnson So I headed north to see how a history so tragic was blending with one that has been replete with potentialities, at least for most of its citizens.--Robert Kaplan If the potentiality of modern communications failed those dedicated to waging war, how much more did it fail those professionally dedicated to preserving the peace. The tragedy of the diplomatic crisis that preceded the outbreak of the fighting in 25 26 August 1914, which was to swell into the four-year tragedy of the Great War, is that events successively and progressively overwhelmed the capacity of statesmen and diplomats to control and contain them. Honorable and able men though they were, the servants of the chancelleries and foreign officers of the great powers in the July crisis were bound to the wheel of the written note, the encipherment routine, the telegraph schedule. The potentialities of the telephone, which might have cut across the barriers to communication, seem to have eluded their imaginative powers. The potentialities of radio, available but unused, evaded them altogether. In the event, the states of Europe proceeded, as if in a dead march and a dialogue of the deaf, to the destruction of their continent and its civilization.”—John Keegan in THE FIRST WORLD WAR If you are a failure with your children, then no other success in life really counts.Jacqueline Kennedy “A sound leader’s aim Is to open people’s hearts, Fill their stomachs, Calm their wills, Brace their bones, And so to clarify their thoughts and cleanse their needs That no cunning meddler could touch them: Without being forced, without strain or constraint, Good government comes of itself.” --Lao-Tze (Chinese Philosopher) “By the accident of fortune a man may rule the world for a time, but by virtue of love he may rule the world forever.”—Lao-Tse I like a country where it's nobody's damned business what magazines anyone reads, what he thinks, whom he has cocktails with. I like a country where we do not have to stuff the chimney against listening ears .... We had that kind of country a little while ago, and I'm for getting it back. It was a lot less scared than the one we've got now.--Lewis Lapham I am convinced, in other words, that religion, which already has made its peace with Copernicus and with Darwin, will have to make peace with Freud. 26 27 Today religion, with the exception of fundamentalist sects, does not quarrel too much with modern astronomy or with modern biology. It took decades and centuries for a peace pact to be written between religion and science. Perhaps theology battled against the telescope and the microscope partly out of the inevitable vanity of our human species. It is understandable that people should cling to the comforting thought that this earth is the center of creation and that man, the divine creature, is distinguished from the beginning from all other species on earth. But the reconciliation was effected, the forward step was taken, the fusion of science and faith was achieved. Today a still more important fusion must be made. Religion must make its peach with modern psychology, not so much for the sake of harmony as for the immeasurable benefit that will accrue to the human race.—Joshua L. Liebman in PEACE OF MIND “The outcome turns upon whether ours is a static nation resting on its laurels, holding fearfully to what we have, or a land which forever renews its youth by magnificent dreams and noble plans turned into great deeds.”—David E. Lilienthal “Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.”-- Abraham Lincoln, Message to Congress, Dec. 3, 1861 “The legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done, but cannot do at all in their separate capacities.”-Abraham Lincoln This is the way of greatness, he said. In the supreme moments of history, terms like duty, truth, justice and mercy—which in our torpid hours are tired words— become the measure of decision. We, unhappily, are acting as if we had forgotten them. We seem to be ashamed to utter them, in part because we tremble at the gives of the Philistines, but in the main because they are remote from our habitual feeling…We are trying to be too shrewd, too clever, too calculating when what the anxious and suffering peoples cry out to us for is that we practice the elemental virtues and adhere to the eternal verities. They alone can guide us through the complications of our days. The straight and righteous path is the surest.—Walter Lippman 27 28 The final test of a leader is that he leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on…the genius of a good leader is to leave behind him a situation which common sense, without the grace of genius, can deal with successfully.—Walter Lippman In this world a man must either be anvil or hammer.—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “Not in the clamor of the crowded street, Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng, But in ourselves, are triumph and defeat.”—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow We are deluged by facts, but we have lost or are losing our ability to feel them.— Archibald MacLeish You have not lived and suffered in vain. What has been must go. What has gone will rise again. Stop trembling. Get ready to live.--Gustav Mahler In any discussion of future developments of Marxism, I think it helpful to remind ourselves of John Maynard Keynes’s eloquent statement about the power of ideas: “The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed the world is rules by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler of a few years back.” The fact is that, aside from his inconsequential attempts at revolutionary activity, Marx was an “academic scribbler.” He needed the “Madmen in authority”—though I would amend this to “charismatic leaders”—to give force and material shape to his ideas. Without the Lenins and Maos of this world, where would Marxism be? It is they who, for all practical purposes, and for better or for worse, turn the output of Marx into Marxism as we know it, extrapolating, however, from Marx’s own version.— Bruce Mazlish in THE MEANING OF KARL MARX Roosevelt was to be told to his face by. no less a figure of valor and resolution than Lord Kitchner that he had blundered shabbily. Kitchner's contention expressed in a very loud voice being that a sea level canal was the only proper canal as any sensible person can perceive. When Roosevelt commented that 28 29 there were too many technical difficulties involved, Kitchner answered, "I never regard difficulty or pay heed to protest like that. All I would do in such a case would be to say, "I order that a sea level canal be dug and I wish to hear nothing more about it." Roosevelt responded by saying, "If you say so, I have no doubt you would have given such an order but I wonder if you remember the conversation between Glendower and Hotspur when Glendower says, "I can call spirits from the vastly deep," and Hotspur answers, "So can I and so can any man but will they come?"--David McCullough Many things can wait. The child cannot. To him we cannot say tomorrow. His name is today."--Gabriela Mistral “Tomorrow—oh, it will never be If we should live a thousand years! Our time is all today, today, The same, though changed; and While it flies With still small voice the moments say: “Today, today, be wise, be wise.”—James Montgomery Finally, in the 19th century, the human voice itself, hitherto subdued and silent, was timidly sounded through the systematic dissonances of the score, at the very moment that imposing instruments of percussion were being introduced. Have we heard the complete work? Far from it. All that has happened up to now has been little more than a rehearsal, and at last, having recognized the importance of the singers and the chorus, we will have to score the music differently, subduing the insistent brasses and the kettledrums and giving more prominence to the violins and the voices. But if this turns out to be so, our task is even more difficult: for we will have to re-write the music in the act of playing it, and change the leader and re-group the orchestra the very moment that we are re-casting the most important passages. Impossible? No: for however far modern science and technics have fallen short of their inherent possibilities, they have taught mankind at least one lesson: Nothing is impossible.-Lewis Mumford “Modern fascism should be properly called corporatism, since it is the merger of state, military and corporate power.”—Benito Mussolini In Germany they came first for the Communists, and I didn't speak up 29 30 because I wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left to speak up.--Martin Niemoeller “Is it perhaps possible to suffer precisely from overfullness?”—Nietzsche, the great German philosopher “He who has a why to live can bear with almost any how”-- Nietzsche “Be brave, be brave, be brave, but don’t be too brave for too much bravery leads to bravado.”-- Sean O’Casey David Orr Forward, from Sustainable Education by Stephen Sterling “If education is the solution, what is the problem? For many, the answer is transparently obvious: to prepare young people for careers in the global economy, working for one corporate behemoth or another. This is certainly true of the conversation about education presently taking place in the United States, which is long on performance standards and testing and short on how to encourage critical thinking, creativity, and ecological awareness. Why is this so? Part of the answer, I believe, is found in the progressive diminution of the idea of learning throughout the 20th century. Far removed from the tradition of the great philosophers, the discourse on education has become a technical subject requiring only efficient administration by technocrats. From this perspective the humanities and arts are expendable, because the goal of education is little more than to equip the young for the new information economy. The ‘solution’ is to fill every nook and cranny of the school with computers. The naiveté of this view is quite touching and just as wrong-headed. But this whittled-down version of education is also convenient to those whose interests are well served by a docile, but technically competent, public, otherwise unable to think critically or to act as citizens.” “7. For nearly a quarter century, government at all levels has been under constant attack by the extreme right-wing with the clear intention of eroding our capacity to forge collective solutions. The assumption is now common that markets are ‘moral,’ but that publicly created political 30 31 solutions are not. The result is a continuation of what a Republican president, Teddy Roosevelt, once described as ‘a riot of individualistic materialism, under which complete freedom for the individual . . . turned out in practice to mean perfect freedom for the strong to wrong the weak.’” Quoted in Meine, 2002, 4)-- David Orr The Last Refuge . . . “We are failing, first, because for twenty years or longer, we have tried to be reasonable on their terms, in the belief that we could persuade the powerful if we only offered enough reason, data, evidence, and logic. We have quantified the decline of species, ecosystems, and now planetary systems in exhaustive detail. We bent over backwards to accommodate the style and intellectual predilections of self-described ‘conservatives’ and those for whom the economy is far more important than the environment in the belief that politeness and good evidence stated in their terms would win the day. Accordingly, we put the case for the Earth and coming generations in the language of economics, science, and law. With remarkably few exceptions we have been reasonable, erudite, clever, cautiously informative, and, relative to the magnitude of the challenges before us, ineffective. In short, we do science, write books, publish articles, develop professional societies, attend conferences, and converse learnedly. But they do politics, take over the courts (Buccino et.al., 2001), control the media, and manipulate the fears and resentments endemic to a rapidly changing society.-- David Orr “What is to be done? To that question there can be no simple, easy, or definitive answer, but I do think there are some obvious places to begin. The first requires that we take back public words such as “conservative” and “patriot” which have been co-opted and put to no good or accurate use. How is it, for example, that the word ‘conservative’ came to describe those willing to run irreversible risks with the Earth? Intending to conserve nothing, they are not conservatives but vandals now working at a global scale. How have those driving their sport utility vehicles to the mall, sporting two American flags and a ‘God bless America’ bumper sticker come to regard themselves as patriots? They are not authentic patriots but merely self-indulgent. For that matter how has the great and noble word ‘liberal’ been demeaned and slandered as the height of political and intellectual folly? Unable to defend the integrity of words, we cannot defend the Earth or anything else.”-- David Orr ‘This leads to a third point. We do not have an environmental crisis so much as we have a political crisis. A great majority of people still wish a 31 32 decent and habitable world for their descendants but those desires are thwarted by the machinery that ought to connect the popular will to public decisions but no longer does so. We will have to repair and perhaps reinvent the institutions of democratic governance for a global world and that means dealing with issues that the founders of this republic did not and could not have anticipated. The process of political engagement at all levels has become increasingly Byzantine, confusing, and inaccessible. And in the mass consumption society we have all become better consumers than citizens, which is to say, willing participants in our own undoing. The solution, however difficult, is to reconnect people with the political process and government at all levels.”-- David Orr “Fourth, it is necessary to expose the mythology that surrounds what Marjorie Kelly calls ‘the divine rights of capital’ and place democratic controls on corporations and the movement of capital (Kelly, 2001). We once fought a revolutionary war to establish political democracy in western societies, but have yet to democratize the workplace and the ownership of capital. These are still governed by the same illogic of unquestioned divine right by which monarchies once rules. The assumption that corporations are legal persons and thereby beyond effective public scrutiny, control, or law is foolishness and worse. The latest corporate scandals are only that: the latest in a recurring pattern of illegality, self-dealing, and political corruption surpassing even that of the robber baron era. The solution is to enforce corporate charters as public license to do business on behalf of the public and that are revocable if and when the terms of the charter are violated. If private ownership is good thing, it should be widely extended, not restricted to the wealthy. By the same logic, we must remove the corrupting influence of money from politics beginning with corporate campaign contributions and the hundreds of billions of dollars of public subsidies for cars, highways, fossil fuels, and nuclear power that corrupt the democratic process and public policy.”-- David Orr “Finally, we should expect far more of leaders than we presently do. Never has the need for genuine leadership been greater, and seldom has it been less evident. We cannot be rules by ignorant, malicious, greedy, incompetent, and shortsighted people and expect things to turn out well. If we are to navigate the challenges of the decades ahead, what E. O. Wilson calls ‘the bottleneck,’ we will need leaders of great stature, clarity of mind, spiritual depth, courage, and vision. We need leaders who see patterns that connect us across the divisions of culture, religion, geography, and time. We need leadership that draws us together to resolve conflicts, move quickly from fossil fuels to solar power, 32 33 reverse global environmental deterioration, and empower us to provide shelter, food, medical care, decent livelihood, and education for everyone. We need leadership that is capable of energizing genuine commitment to old and venerable traditions as well as new visions for a global civilization that preserves and honors local cultures, economies, and knowledge. And we need leaders with the kind of humility demonstrated by Czech President, Vaclav Havel: ‘In time I have become a good deal less sure of myself, a good deal more humble . . . every day I suffer more and more from stage fright; every day I am more afraid that I won’t be up to the job . . . more and more often, I am afraid that I will fall woefully short of expectations, that I will somehow reveal my own lack of qualifications for the job, that despite my good faith I will make every greater mistakes, that I will cease to be trustworthy and therefore lose the right to do what I do” (Havel, 2002, p. 4).-- David Orr Become a possibilitarian. No matter how dark things seem to be or actually are, raise your sights and see possibilities--always see them, for they are always there.--Norman Vincent Peale The industrial revolution has reached an advanced stage and its effects are now clearly visible all over the planet. An industrializing and growing world population will soon reach six billion, and the resource demands of these growing numbers continue to escalate. But this ongoing “modernization” is now threatened by significant changes taking place in relationships between Homo sapiens and the physical environment in which the species has evolved. The perceived successes of the industrial way of life have created rising expectations and patterns of material consumption that are no longer sustainable on a global scale. Both the feasibility and desirability of continued industrial growth are being questioned, and doubts about the long-term viability of traditional forms of progress continue to increase.-- Dennis Pirages’ BUILDING SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES (p. 3) Aristotle—“For as man is the best of the animals when perfected, so he is the worst of all when sundered from law and justice . . .[because he] is born possessing weapons for the use of wisdom and virtue, which it is possible to employ entirely for the opposite ends. Hence, when devoid of virtue man is the most unholy and savage of animals.”-- Dennis Pirages’ BUILDING SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES Clearly our overall goal must be planetary. But, as David Orr has observed, 33 34 “how can we manage the globe, if we can’t manage the back 40?” I argue that for visions to be meaningful and permit meaningful participation, we must operate on scales (place) and in time frames (pace) that do not exceed the limits of our knowledge, and that give us confidence in the results of our efforts. In effect we must focus on places where people can see the horizon, can see and feel the consequences of their actions, both positive and negative. We must begin with the community, which as Wendell Berry has suggested is a “neighborhood of humans in place, plus the place itself: its soils, its water, its air, and all the families and tribes of the nonhuman creatures that belong to it.”-- Dennis Pirages’ BUILDING SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES “The ripeness of adolescence is prodigal in pleasures, skittish, and in need of a bridle.—Plutarch, “The Education of Children” (c. AD 100) The fact, then, that all existing things are subject to decay is a proposition which scarcely requires proof, since the inexorable course of nature is sufficient to impose it on us. Every kind of state, we may say, is liable to decline from two sources, the one being external, and the other due to its own internal evolution ... It is evident that under the influence of longestablished prosperity life will become more luxurious, and among the citizens themselves rivalry for office and in other spheres of activity will become fiercer than it should. As these symptoms become more marked, the craving for office and the sense of humiliation which obscurity imposes, together with the spread of ostentation and extravagance, will usher in a period of general deterioration. The principal authors of this change will be the masses, who at some moments will believe that they have a grievance against the greed of other members of society, and at others are made conceited by the flattery of those who aspire to office... .They will no longer consent to obey or even to be the equals of their leaders, but will demand everything or by far the greatest share for themselves.—Polybius At this point they came in sight of thirty or forty windmills that are on that plain. "Fortune," said Don Quixote to his squire, as soon as he had seen them, "is arranging matters for us better than we could have hoped. Look there, friend Sancho Panza, where thirty or more monstrous giants rise up, all of whom I mean to engage in battle and slay, and with whose spoils we shall begin to make our fortunes. For this is righteous warfare, and it is God's good service to sweep so evil a breed from off the face of the earth." "What giants?" said Sancho Panza. "Those you see there," answered his master," with the long arms, and some have them nearly two leagues long." "Look, your worship," said Sancho. "What we see there are not giants but windmills, and what seem to be their arms are the 34 35 vanes that turned by the wind make the millstone go." "It is easy to see," replied Don Quixote," that you are not used to this business of adventures. Those are giants, and if you are afraid, away with you out of here and betake yourself to prayer, while I engage them in fierce and unequal combat."--Don Quixote “The more you know, the less you fear.” --Bernard Rapoport “It is not easy to find happiness in ourselves, and impossible to find it elsewhere.”—Agnes Repplier “He played the game”— What finer epitaph can stand? Or who can earn a finer fame When Time at last has called his hand? Regardless of the mocking roar, Regardless of the final score To fight it out, raw blow for blow, Until your time has come to go On out beyond all praise or blame, Beyond the twilight’s purple glow, Where Fate can write against your name This closing line for friend or foe: “He played the game.”—Grantland Rice-Beyond All Things “No soldier was ever made by the study of his manual, and no athlete was ever made by mere instruction. Both are made by hard, faithful drill and the perfection of necessary habits. Performance is all that counts when the game begins.”— Knute Rockne A blind and ignorant resistance to every effort for the reform of abuses and for the readjustment of society to modern industrial conditions represents not true conservatism's, but an incitements to the wildest radicalism; for wise radicalism and wise conservatism go hand in hand, one bent on progress, the other bent on seeing that no change is made unless in the right direction.--Theodore Roosevelt 35 36 “Everything is un-American that tends either to government by a plutocracy or a mob.”—Theodore Roosevelt The greatest reward a man receives for his toils is not what he gets for it, but what he becomes by it.--John Ruskin If one man offers you democracy and another offers you a bag of grain, at what stage of starvation will you prefer the grain to the vote?--Bertram Russell If war no longer occupied men’s thoughts and energies, we could within a generation, put an end to all serious poverty throughout the world.-- Bertram Russell “I can see you’re tired, son, and disappointed,” said Guiditta to Rocco. “You have the sadness of one who set out to go very far and ends up by finding himself where he began. Didn’t they teach you at school that the world is round?”--Ignacio Saloni Man is a long time coming. Man will yet win. Brother may yet line up with brother: This old anvil laughs at many broken hammers. There are men who can't be bought.-Carl Sandburg In life, a man commits himself, draws his own portrait and there is nothing but that portrait. No doubt this thought may seem comfortless to one who has not made a success of his life. On the other hand, it puts everyone in a position to understand that reality alone is reliable; that dreams, expectations and hopes serve to define a man only as deceptive dreams, abortive hopes, expectation- unfulfilled; that is to say, they define him negatively, not positively. Nevertheless, when one says, 'You are nothing else but what you live,' it does not imply that an artist is to be judged solely by his work of art, for a thousand other things contribute no less to his definition as a man. What we mean to say is that a man is no other than a series of undertakings, that he is the sum, the organizer, the set of relations that constitute these undertakings. Man is not the sum of what he has, but the totality of what he does not yet have, of what he might have."--Jean Paul Sarte “Just do what you can. It’s not enough merely to exist. It’s not enough to say, ‘I’m earning enough to live and support my family. I do my work well. I’m a good 36 37 father. I’m a good husband.’ That’s all very well. But you must do something more. Seek always to do some good, somewhere. Every man has to seek in his own way to make his own self more noble and to realize his own true worth. You must give some time to your fellowman. Even if it’s a little thing, do something for those who have need of help, something for which you get no pay but the privilege of doing it. For remember, you don’t live in a world all your own. Your brothers are here, too.”—Dr. Albert Schweitzer “In any event, the rabbis of Adrianople were determined to destroy Nathan’s reputation by all means fair and less than fair. Their attitude to Nathan had hardened considerably in the few months since the rabbis of Constantinople had sent their pastoral letter charging all communities to prevent “the rabbi Nathan” from joining his messiah. Was the change due merely to exasperation at Nathan’s flagrant disregard of his promises in Ipsola, or were the rabbis beginning to realize that the movement was stronger than they had thought and that Nathan had to be cast out even if it meant driving him to apostasy? Similar tactics were employed by the rabbis a century later with regard to Jacob Frank, but the situation in 1667 was very different from that created by the Frankists. Early Sabbatianism, in spite of occasional manifestations of antinomianism, had not yet developed into a radically antinomian movement, and the believers were essentially pious and orthodox Jews who differed from the rest in believing that the messianic redemption had already begun or was about to begin. It is most unlikely that the rabbis were bent on aggravating the crisis by driving Nathan to apostasy, particularly as they must have realized that the prophet’s example might inspire his followers to imitate him.”—Gershom Scholem in Sabbatai Şevi “Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most, that has made it possible for evil to triumph.”— Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia There is a tide in the affairs of men which taken at the flood leads on to fortune; omitted, oh the voyage of their life is bound in shallows and in miseries. On such a full sea are we now afloat, and we must take the current when it serves, or lose our ventures.—William Shakespeare Glendower, leader of the Welsh rebellion, trying to impress Hotspur with his magical powers: “Why I can call spirits from the vasty deep.” Hotspur, hardheaded young soldier: “Why, so can I, or so can any man, 37 38 But will they come when you do call for them?” (Glendower is angry and insulted.)—William Shakespeare in I Henry IV (Henry the Fourth Part One), Act III, Scene 1 You see things; and you say "why?" But I dream things that never were; and I say, "why not?"--George Bernard Shaw Faith and immortality was born of the greed of unsatisfied people who make unwise use of the time that nature has allotted us. But the wise man finds his life span sufficient to complete the full circle of attainable pleasures, and when the time of death comes, he will leave the table, satisfied, freeing a place for other guests. For the wise man, one human life is sufficient, and a stupid man will not know what to do with eternity.--William Shirer The manifold diversity of beauty in sky and earth and sea; the abundance of light, and its miraculous loveliness, in sun and moon and stars; the dark shades of woods, the colour and fragrance of flowers; the multitudinous varieties of birds, with their songs and their bright plumage; the countless different species of living creatures of all shapes and sizes, amongst whom it is the smallest in bulk that moves our greatest wonder-for we are more astonished at the activities of tiny ants and bees than at the immense bulk of whales. Then there is the mighty spectacle of the sea itself, putting on its changing colours like different garments, now green, with all the many varied shades, now purple, now blue....Think, too, of the abundant supply of food everywhere to satisfy our hunger, the variety of flavours to suit our pampered taste, lavishly distributed by the riches of nature ... Think, too, of all the resources for the preservation of health, or for its restoration, the welcome alternation of day and night, the soothing coolness of the breezes, all the material for clothing provided by plants and animals. Who could give a complete list of all these natural beauties?-The City of God by St. Augustine In other words, by the end of his life Sidgwick had come to regard belief in progress as a kind of intellectual bet which he expected to lose but hoped to win.—Henry Sidgwick I left the woods (Waldon Pond) for as good a reason as I went. Perhaps it seems to mo that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one ...I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances 38 39 confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.-Henry David Thoreau The depth and strength of a human character are defined by its moral reserves. People reveal themselves completely only when they are thrown out of the customary conditions of their life, for only then do they have to fall back on their reserves.--Leon Trotsky Even Clinton's intelligence officer, William Smith, was conscious of the inertia. "There is no spirit of enterprise," he wrote on September 3, immediately after the crossing of the river, "The general dullness kills the spark that happens to rise in the mind of any man ... Washington's present movement from the Hudson is the severest censure upon the British commanders in this quarter."--Barbara Tuchman Historian Barbara Tuchman identifies three “principles” regarding anti-Jewish sentiment: (1) “It is vain to expect logic—that is to say, a reasoned appreciation of enlightened self-interest” when it comes to anti-Semitism. (2) Appeasement is futiles. “The rule of human behavior here is that yielding to an enemy’s demands does not satisfy them but, by exhibiting a position of weakness, augments them. It does not terminate hostility but excites it.” (3) “Anti-Semitism is independent of its object. What Jews do or fail to do is not the determinant. The impetus comes out of the needs of the persecutors and a particular political climate.” (Newsweek, February 3, 1975) “These are the things I prize And hold of dearest worth: Light of the sapphire skies, Peace of the silent hills, Shelter of the forests, comfort of the grass, Music of the birds, murmur of the little rills, Shadows of cloud that swiftly pass, And after showers, The smell of flowers And of the good brown earth – And best of all, along the way, friendship and mirth.”—Henry Van Dyke Thus in the system once established profit had to be an end, in fact the ruling 39 40 end of action within the system of capitalistic relationships as such no matter what the ultimate individual motive above might be. The system then is not merely acquisitive; it is compulsive and "objective" in much the same sense that it was for both Marx and Sombart But furthermore modern capitalism has certain specific traits which distinguish it clearly from that of other times. As an identifying characteristic Weber definitely excludes the "capitalistic adventurers," men who, however, continuous and rational their enterprise, conduct it on an adventurous, speculative basis without ethical restraint. These have existed at all times and places wherever the opportunity has presented itself. What is characteristic of the modern West is rather what Weber calls "rational bourgeois capitalism." In what does this consist?--Max Weber It takes so much to be a full human being that there are very few who have the enlightenment or the courage to pay the price .... One has to abandon altogether the search for security and reach out to the risk of loving with both arms. One has to embrace the world like a lover. One has to accept pain as a condition of existence. One has to court doubt ^nd darkness as the cost of knowing. One needs a will stubborn in conflict, but apt always to total acceptance of every consequence of living and dying.--Morris L. West, "The Shoes of a Fisherman" “I say unto you: Cherish your doubts, For doubt is the handmaiden of truth. Doubt is the servant of discovery; She is the key unto the door of knowledge. Let no man fear for the truth, that doubt May consume her; Only he that would shut out his doubts Denieth the truth.”—Robert Weston--Honest Doubt I have never been bored an hour in my life. I get up every morning wondering what new strange glamorous thing is going to happen and it happens at fairly regular intervals. Lady Luck has been good to me and I fancy she has been good to everyone. Only some people are dour, and when she gives them the come hither with her eyes, they look down or turn away and lift an eyebrow. But me, I give her the wink and away we go.--William Allen White Children are the message we send to a time we will not see!--John Whitehead 40 41 One reason for Europe's right turn is the growing sense that a market economy is less damaging to social fraternity than is an economy politically managed for egalitarian purposes. This is so for two reasons. First, scarcity is divisive, and market systems are more apt to produce abundance. Second, the allocation of wealth and opportunity by impersonal market forces is less embittering than allocation by political decisions. These are tenets of Thatcherism, the most dramatic manifestation of Europe's right turn.--George Will My Credo To every man his chance, to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining golden opportunity, to every man the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever his vision and manhood can combine to make him. This seeker, is the Promise of America.-- Thomas Wolfe Reverence is an ancient virtue that survives among us in half forgotten patterns of civility, in moments of inarticulate awe, and in nostalgia for the lost ways of traditional cultures. We have the word “reverence” in our language, but we scarcely know how to use it. Right now it has no place in secular discussions of ethics or political theory. Even more surprisingly, reverence is missing from modern discussions of the ancient cultures that prized it.-- Dr. Paul Woodruff “When law is the ruler, no one is above the law. This seems like an idea everyone would welcome, but in truth it has had many enemies, and it still does. Individuals are always looking for ways to put themselves or their governments above the law. Big business seeks endless protections against the law, world leaders scoff at international law, and ordinary citizens see nothing wrong with obstructing justice.”-- Dr. Paul Woodruff, First Democracy: Facing the Original Ideas “Religious wars are endemic in our time, which is a time with little care for reverence. Perhaps these wars are cooling down in some places, but they are heating up in others, even as I write this book. If a religious group thinks it speaks and acts as God commands in all things, this is a failure of reverence. A group like that may turn violent and feel they are doing so in good faith. Nothing is more dangerous than that feeling.” 41 42 “Reverence runs across religions and even outside them through the fabric of any community, however secular. We may be divided from one another by our beliefs, but never by reverence. If you desire peace in the world, do not pray that everyone share your beliefs. Pray instead that all may be reverent.”-- Dr. Paul Woodruff in REVERENCE “They made a basic distinction between “zero-sum” games and “non-zerosum” games. In zero-sum games, the fortunes of the players are inversely related. In tennis, in chess, in boxing, one contestant’s gain is the other’s loss. In non-zero-sum games, one player’s gain needn’t be bad news for the other(s). Indeed, in highly non-zero-sum games the players’ interests overlap entirely. In 1970, when the three Apollo 13 astronauts were trying to figure out how to get their stranded spaceship back to earth, they were playing an utterly non-zerosum game, because the outcome would be either equally good for all of them or equally bad. (It was equally good.)”-- Robert Wright in Non Zero "Notebook" Paper Moon By Lewis H. Laptham If the physical environment is the earth, the world of ideas corresponds to the heavens. We sleep under the light of the stars that have long since ceased to exist, and we pattern our behavior by ideas which we have no reality as soon as we cease to credit them. ---- Lewis Mumford More introduced the possibility of a peaceable kingdom just over the horizon of historical time, his island of utopia located somewhere off the coast of the newly discovered Americas, conceivably within reach of the sixteenth century sailing ships of the title page of the third edition, illustrated by a brother of Hans Holbein the younger and printed at Basel in 1518. Crescent - shaped and fertile, the island emerges without benefit of divine favor from the foam of a soon to be chartered sea, its climate and topography formed by the Renaissance berate on the nature of a just society. Drawing on his 42 43 experience as chancellor to Henry Vlll as well as his reading of Plato's Republic, More writes his first European prospectus for a commonwealth constructed on the ground plan of human reason. What interest him is the common good, not the gratification of individual desire, and as a system of government he proposes a benign monarchy that condemns to slavery those members of the company who commit the crimes of selfishness. Farmers freely exchange their corn and wheat for manufacturers of the tow; sumptuary govern the uniformly modest manner of dress (no gaudy silver, no heavy silk) the shows of conspicuous consumption meet with severe punishment, and the use of gold is reserved for the making of chamber pots. The market, of course, isn't democratic; nor is it interested in the public good. The market speaks only to money-politely to people with a lot of it, rudely to those without-and the merchants of bliss address their sales pitches to the private good, targeting the demographics, dividing the community into postal codes and telephone exchanges breaking down the family members into profitable fragments of will and appetite, wish and dream. Incapable of making moral or aesthetic judgments, the market happily commissions the building of St. Paul's Cathedral and the furnaces of Treblinka. The customer is always right. In the city of New York in the first year of the new millennium, I live among the remnants of Utopias come and gone and "under the light of the stars that have long since seemed to exist," and on my way out of the library in early October I remembered the lines of Anatole France: Without the Utopians of other times, men would still live in caves, miserable and naked.... Utopia is the principal of all progress and the essay into a better future. 43 44 44 45 45 46 - 46 i