Behavior Observation References

advertisement
Behavior Observation References
Altman, J. 1984. Foragers subsistence: production in Arnhemland: the original affluent society reexamined. Mankind 14:179-190.
Altmann, J. 1974. The Observational Study of Behavior. Behaviour 48:1-41.
Amoss, P., and S. Harrell. 1981. "Introduction: an anthropological perspective on aging," in Others
Ways of Growing Old: Anthropological Perspective. Edited by P. Amoss and S. Harrell, pp. 1-24.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Andorka, R. 1987. Time Budgets and Their Uses. Annual Review of Sociology 13:149-164.
Aspelin, P. 1975. External articulation and domestic production: the artifact trade of the Mamaindê of
Northwestern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Vol. 58. Latin american studies program dissertation series, Latin
american studies program, 1975
Ithaca: Cornell university.
Babchuck, W., R. Hames, and R. Thompson. 1985. Sex Differences in the Recognition of Infant
Facial Expressions of Emotion: The Primary Caretaker Hypothesis. Ethology and Sociobiology
6:89-101.
Bailey, R. 1991. The Behavioral Ecology of Efe Pygmy Men in the Ituri Forest, Zaire. Vol. 86. Ann Arbor:
Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
Bailey, R., and R. Aunger. 1989. Net hunters vs. archers: Variation in women's subsistene strategies
in the Ituri forest. Human Ecology 17:273-297.
Baksh, M. 1989. Spot observations technique in time allocation research [part 1]. CAM: Cultural
Anthropology Methods Newsletter 1:1-3.
—. 1990. Spot observations technique in time allocation research (continued). CAM: Cultural
Anthropology Methods Newsletter 2:4-5.
—. 1990. Spot observations technique of time allocation research [part 2]. CAM: Cultural
Anthropology Methods Newsletter 2:6-7.
—. 1990. Time Allocation aong the Machiguenga of Camana. Vol. 7. Cross-Cultural Studies in Time Allocation.
New Haven: HRAF.
Balee, W. 1994. Footprints in the Forest: Ka'apor Ethnobotany - the Historical Ecology of Plant Utilization by an
Amazonian People. New York: Columbia University Press.
Barry, H., and M. Bacon. 1959. The relation of child training to subsistence economy. American
Anthropologist 61:51-63.
Beckerman, S. 1980. Fishing and hunting by the Bari of Colombia. Working Papers on South American
Indians 2:67-111.
—. 1983. "Carpe diem: an optimal foraging approach to Bari fishing and hunting," in Adaptive
Responses of Native Amazonians. Edited by R. Hames and W. Vickers, pp. 269-299. New York:
Academic Press.
Beckerman, S., and T. Sussenbach. 1983. "A quantitative assessment of the dietary contribution of
game species to the subsistence of South American tropical forest peoples. British
Archaeological Reports," in Animals and Archaeology I: Hunters and Their Prey. Edited by J.
Clutton-Brock and C. Grigson, pp. 337-350. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Behrens, C. 1981. Time allocation and meat procurement among the Shipibo. Human Ecology 9:189220.
—. 1984. Shipibo Economy and Ecology. Thesis, University of California-Los Angeles.
Behrens, C. A. 1981. Time allocation and meat proocurement among the Shipibo Indians of eastern
Peru. Human Ecology 9:189-220.
Page 1 of 10
Bereczkei, T. 1998. Kinship networks, direct childrcare, and fertility among Hungarians and Gypsies.
Evolution and Human Behavior 19:283-299.
Bernard, H. R., and P. D. Killworth. 1993. Sampling in time allocation research. Ethnology 32:207215.
Betzig, L., and P. Turke. 1986. Measuring time allocation: observation and intention. Current
Anthropology 26:647-650.
—. 1986. Parental investment by sex on Ifaluk. Ethology and Sociobiology 7:29-37.
Bock, J. 2002. Evolutionary demography and intrahousehold time allocation: school attendance and
child labor among the Okavango Delta people of Botswana. American Journal of Human Biology
14:206-221.
—. 2002. Learning, life history, and productivity: children's lives in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.
Human nature : an interdisciplinary biosocial perspective 13:161-197.
Borgerhoff Mulder, M., and T. Caro. 1985. The use of quantitative observation techniques in
anthropology. Current Anthropology 26:232-262.
Borgerhoff Mulder, M., and M. Milton. 1985. Factors affecting infant care among the Kipsigis.
Journal of Anthropological Research. 4:231-262.
Boserup, E. 1970. Women's Role in Economic Development. New York: St. Martin's.
Bove, R. B., C. R. Valeggia, and P. T. Ellison. 2002. Girl helpers and time allocation of nursing
women among the Toba of Argentina. Human nature 13:457-472.
Burton, M., and K. Reitz. 1981. The Plow, Female Contribution to Agricultural Subsistence and
Polygyny: A Log-Linear Analysis. Behavior. Science. Research.:275-306.
Carneiro, R. 1979. "Tree felling with the stone ax: an experiment carried out among the Yanomamo
Indians of Southern Venezuela," in Ethnoarchaeology: Implications of Ethnography for Archaeology.
Edited by C. Kramer, pp. 21-58. New York: Columbia University Press.
Caro, T. M., R. Roper, M. Young, and G. R. Dank. 1979. Inter-observer reliability. Behaviour 69:303315.
Chapple, E., and C. Arensberg. 1940. Measuring human relations: An introduction to the study of
the interaction of individuals. Genetic Psychology Monographs 22:3-147.
Chick, G. 1994. Experience sampling in anthropological research. CAM: Cultural Anthropology Methods
Newsletter 6:4-6.
Chisholm, J. 1983. Navajo Infancy. New York: Aldine.
Clarement Graduate School Class, i. M. R. 1967. Note on Direct Observation of Purchasing
Behavior. Journal of Marketing Research 4:402-405.
Clarke, P. E., E. K. Rousham, H. Gross, A. W. F. Halligan, and P. Bosio. 2005. Activity patterns and
time allocation during pregnancy: a longitudinal study of British women. Annals of human
biology 32:247-258.
Collins, K., and D. Roberts. 1988. Capacity for Work in the Tropics. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Coreil, J. 1991. Maternal time allocation in relation to kind and domain of primary health care.
Medical Anthropology Quarterly 5:221-235.
Defler, T. R. 1995. Time budget of a group of wild woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha).
International Journal of Primatology 16:107-120.
Denevan, W. 1992. Stone vs metal axes: The ambiguity of shifting cultivation in Amazonia. Journal of
the Steward Society 20:153-165.
Denham, W. 1974. Infant transport among the Alyawara tribe, Central Australia. Oceania 44:253-277.
—. 1978. Alyawara Ethnographic Data Base. New Haven: HRAF Press.
Page 2 of 10
Di Fiore, A., and P. S. Rodman. 2001. Time allocation patterns of lowland woolly monkeys
(Lagothrix lagothricha poeppigii) in a Neotropical terra firma forest. International Journal of
Primatology 22:449-480.
Di Pino, A. 2004. On the economic estimation of the time devoted to household chores and
childcare in Italy. Italian low fertility between economic constraints and changes of values 60:139-159.
Draper, P. 1975. Cultural pressure on sex differences. American Ethnologist 2:602-616.
—. 1977. "Social and economic constraints on child life among the !Kung," in Kalahari Foragers.
Edited by R. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 122-141. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
—. nd. !Kung work: a southern perspective. unpublished.
Dufour, D. 1984. The time and energy expenditure of indigenous women horticulturalists in the
Northwest Amazon. Amercan Journal of Physical Anthropology 65:37-46.
Dunbar, R. I. M. 1976. Some aspects of research design and their implication in the observational
study of behavior. Behaviour 58:78-98.
Dunbar, R. I. M., and A. Marriott. 1997. Human Conversational Behavior. Human Nature 8:231-246.
Durnin, J., and G. Passmore. 1967. Energy, Work, and Leisure. London: Heinemann.
Durrenberger, E. P. 1984. "Operationalizing Chayanov," in Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic
Anthropology. Edited by E. P. Durrenberger, pp. 39-50. New York: Academic Press.
Durrenberger, P. 1984. Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic Anthropology. New York: Academic Press.
Edward J. Callahan, K. C. Stange, K. D. Bertakis, S. J. Zyzanski, R. Azari, and S. A. Flocke. 2003.
Does Time Use in Outpatient Residency Training
Reflect Community Practice? Residency Education 35:423-427.
Ehrenreich, J. 1984. Time allocation and work among the Coaiquer Indians of northern Ecuador.
Journal of anthropology 3:50-81.
Engle, P., and J. Lumpkin. 1991. How accurate are time use estimates? Effects of cognitive
enhancement and cultural difference on recall accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology 6:141-159.
Erasmus, C. 1980. Comment on: Does labor time decrease with industrialization? Current.
Anthropology. 21:289-291.
Erasmus, C. J. 1955. Work patterns in a Mayo village. American anthropologist 57:322-333.
Euler, H. A., and B. Weitzel. 1996. Discriminative grandparental solicitude as reproductive strategy.
Human Nature 7:39-59.
Feldhutter, I. M., M. Schleidt, and E.-E. Irenaeus. 1990. Moving in the beat of seconds. Ethology and
Sociobiology 11:511-520.
Fleuret, A., and P. Fleuret. 1977. Sex roles and peasant economies in the Usumbara Mountains.
Paper. presented. at. the. annual. meeting. of. the. Southwestern. Anthropological. Association,. San. Diego.
Flinn, M. 1988. Mate guarding in a Caribbean village. Ethology and Sociobiology 9:1-29.
—. 1988. "Parent-offspring interactions in a Caribbean village: daughter guarding," in Human
Reproductive Behaviour. Edited by L. Betzig, M. Borgerhoff Mulder, and P. Turke, pp. 189-200.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
—. 1988. "Paternal Care in a Caribbean Village," in Father-Child Relations. Edited by B. Hewlett, pp.
57-84. Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter.
Fouts, H., B. Hewlett, and M. E. Lamb. 2005. Parent-Offspring Weaning Conflicts among the Bofi
Farmers and Foragers of Central Africa. Current Anthropology 36:29-50.
Fratkin, E. 1989. Household variation and gender inequality in Ariaal pastoral production: results of
a time allocation survey. American Anthropologist 91:430-440.
Gebre-Mariam, A. 1987. Labour inputs and time allocation among the Afar. Nomadic Peoples:37-56.
Gittelsohn, J., A. V. Shankar, K. P. J. West, R. M. Ram, and T. Gnywali. 1997. Estimating reactivity
in direct observation studies of health behaviors. Human Organization 56:182-189.
Page 3 of 10
Godoy, R., and M. Jacobson. 1999. Covariates of private time preference: a pilot study among the
Tsimane' Indians of the Bolivian Rain Forest. Evolution and Human Behavior 20:249-256.
Good, K. 1989. Yanomamo Hunting Patterns: Trekking and Garden Relocation as an Adaptation to
Game Availability in Amazonia. Doctoral, University of Florida.
Gragson, T. L. 1992. Strategic Procurement of Fish by the Pume: A South American "Fishing
Culture". Human Ecology 20:109-130.
—. 1993. Human Foraging in Lowland South America: Pattern and Process of Resource
Procurement. Research in Economic Anthropology 14:107-138.
Grandin, B. E. 1989. Labor sufficiency, livestock management, and time allocation on Maasai group
ranches. Research in Economic Anthropology 11:143-178.
Gross, D., G. Eiten, N. Flowers, F. Leol, M. Ritter, and D. Werner. 1979. Ecology and acculturation
among native peoples of Central Brazil. Science. 206:1043-1050.
Gross, D. R. 1984. Time allocation: a tool for the study of cultural behavior. Annual review of
anthropology 13:519-558.
Gross, D. R., and B. A. Underwood. 1971. Technological change and caloric costs: sisal agriculture
in Northeastern Brazil. American Anthropologist 73:725-740.
Gurven, M., K. Hill, H. Kaplan, A. Hurtado, and R. Lyles. 2000. Food transfers among Hiwi
foragers of Venezuela: tests of reciprocity. Human Ecology 28:171-218.
Gvozdeva, G., and E. Gvozdeva. 2006. The ways of adaptation and allocation work time from
Russian households in the period of crisis. Journal of comparative family studies 37:563-582.
Hames, R. 1978. A Behavioral Account of the Division of Labor among the Ye'kwana Ph.D Thesis,
Anthropology, University of Santa Barbara.
—. 1979. "Interaction and relatedness among the Ye'kwana: a preliminary analysis," in Evolutionary
Biology and Human Social Behavior. Edited by N. Chagnon and W. Irons, pp. 201-219. North
Scituate, MA: Duxbury Press.
—. 1987. Relatedness and garden labor exchange among the Ye'kwana. Evolution and Human Behavior
8:354-392.
—. 1988. "The Allocation of Parental Care among the Ye'kwana," in Human Reproductive Behaviour.
Edited by L. Betzig, M. Borgerhoff Mulder, and P. Turke, pp. 237-254. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
—. 1989. Time, efficiency, and fitness in the Amazonian protein quest. Research in Economic
Anthropology 11:43-85.
—. 1992. "Time Allocation," in Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior. Edited by E. A. Smith and B.
Winterhalder, pp. 203-236. Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter.
—. 1992. "Variation in paternal care among the Yanomamo," in The Father's Role: Cultural and
Evolutionary Perspectives. Edited by B. Hewlett, pp. 85-110. Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter.
Hanna, J., and P. Baker. 1983. Human heat tolerance. Annual Review of Anthropology 12:259-284.
Hawkes, K. 1987. Limited needs and hunter-gatherer time allocation. Ethology and Sociobiology 8:87-91.
—. 1987. Problem of bias in scan sampling. Journal of Anthropological Research 43:239-246.
Hawkes, K., K. Hill, H. Kaplan, and M. Hurtado. 1987. Some problems with instantaneous scan
sampling. Journal of Anthropological Research 43:239-247.
Hawkes, K., and J. O'Connell. 1983. Affluent Hunters? Some Comments in Light of the Alyawara
Case. American Anthropologist 83:622-626.
Hawkes, K., J. O'Connell, and N. Blurton Jones. 1989. "Hardworking Hadza grandmothers," in
Comparative Socioecology of Mammals and Man. Edited by R. Foley and V. Standen, pp. 33-44.
London: Basil Blackwell.
Hawkes, K., J. O'Connell, K. Hill, and E. Charnov. 1985. How much is enough? Hunters and
limited needs. Ethology and Sociobiology 6:3-15.
Page 4 of 10
Hawkes, K., J. F. O'Connell, and N. G. Blurton Jones. 1997. Hadza women's time allocation,
offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans. Current
Anthropology 38:551-577.
Hawkes, K., J. F. O'Connell, N. G. Blurton Jones, H. Alvarez, and E. L. Charnov. 2000.
"Grandmother hypothesis and human evolution," in Adaptation and Human Behavior: An
Anthropological Perspective, pp. 237-258: New York : Aldine de Gruyter.
Hewlett, B. 1986. "Intimate Fathers: paternal patterns of holding among Aka Pygmies," in The
Father's Role in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Edited by M. Lamb. New York: Earlbaum.
—. 1988. "Sexual selection and paternal investment among Aka Pygmies," in Human Reproductive
Behavior: A Darwinian Perspective. Edited by L. Betzig, M. Borgerhoff Mulder, and P. Turke,
pp. 263-276. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
—. 1990. Intimate Fathers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Hill, K. 1983. Male subsistence strategies and
time allocation to activities among the Ache
hunter-gatherers of Paraguay. Doctoral, University of Utah.
—. 1985. Men's time allocation fo subsistence work among the Ache of eastern Paraguay. Human
ecology 13:29-47.
Hill, K., and K. Hawkes. 1983. "Neotropical Hunting among the Ache of Eastern Paraguay," in
Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians. Edited by R. Hames and W. Vickers, pp. 223-267.
New York: Academic Press.
Hill, K., and A. M. Hurtado. 1999. Packer and colleagues' model of menopause for humans. Human
nature : an interdisciplinary biosocial perspective 10:199-204.
Hill, K., M. Hurtado, and K. Hawkes. 1985. Men's time allocation to activities among Ache foragers.
Ethology and Sociobiology 13:29-47.
Hill, K., and H. Kaplan. 1988. "Tradeoffs in male and female reproductive strategies among the
Ache: part 1," in Human Reproductive Behavior: A Darwinian Perspective. Edited by L. Betzig, M.
Borgerhoff Mulder, and P. Turke, pp. 277-289. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hill, K., H. Kaplan, K. Hawkes, and A. Hurtado. 1984. Seasonal variance in the diet of Ache
foragers in eastern Paraguay. Human Ecology 12:145-180.
Hill, K., H. Kaplan, and M. Hurtado. 1985. Men's time allocation to subsistence work among the
Ache of eastern paraguay. Human Ecology 13:29-47.
Hirshliefer, J. 1980. Price Theory and Applications 2nd Ed. Englewood Clifss: Prentice-Hall.
Hurtado, A. 1985. Women's Subsistence Strategies among Ache Foragers of Eastern Paraguay.
Thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
Hurtado, A., and K. Hill. 1987. Early dry season subsistence ecology of Cuiva (Hiwi) foragers of
Venezuela. Human Ecology 15:163-187.
—. 1989. Seasonality in a foraging society: variation in diet, work effort, fertility, and sexual division
of labor among the Hiwi of Venezuela. Journal of Anthropological Research 34:293-346.
—. 1990. Seasonity in a foraging society: variation in diet, work effort, fertility, and sexual divison of
labor among the Hiwi of Venezuela. Journal of Anthropological Research 25:293-346.
—. 1992. Foraging behavior among Hiwi and Ach‚ women: maternal care tradeoffs and the sexual
division of labor. Human Nature 3:192-188.
Hurtado, A. M., and K. Hill. 1992. Experimental Studies of Tool Efficiency among Machiguenga
Women and Implications for Root Digging Foragers. Journal of Anthropological Research 40:131152.
Hurtado, M., K. Hawkes, K. Hill, and H. Kaplan. 1985. Female subsistence strategies among the
Ache of eastern Paraguay. Human Ecology 13:1-28.
Page 5 of 10
Ice, G. 2004. Technological Advances in Observational Data Collection: The Advantages and
Limitations of Computer-Assisted Data Collection. Fields Methods 16:352–375.
Ivey, P. 2000. Cooperative reproduction in Ituri forest hunter-gatherers: Who cares for Efe infants.
Current Anthropology 41:857-866.
Johnson, A., and C. Behrens. 1989. Time allocation research and aspects of method in cross-cultural
comparison. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology 1:313-334.
Johnson, A., and O. Johnson. 1988. Time allocation among the Machiguenga of Shimaa. Vol. 1. CrossCultural Studies in Time Allocation. New Haven: HRAF.
Johnson, A., and R. Sackett. 1998. "Direct systematic observation of behavior," in Handbook of
Methods in Cultural Anthropology. Edited by H. R. Bernard, pp. 301-330. Walnut Creek, CA:
AltiMira Press.
Johnson, S. E., and J. Bock. 2004. Trade-offs in Skill Acquisition and Time Allocation among
Chacma Baboons. Human Nature 15:45-62.
—. 2004. Trade-offs in skill acquisition and time allocation among juvenile chacma baboons. New
evolutionary perspectives on play 15:45-62.
Kahneman, D., A. Krueger, D. Schkade, N. Schwarz, and A. Stone. 2004. A Survey Method for
Characterizing Daily Life Experience: The Day Reconstruction Method. Science 306:17761780.
Kaplan, H., and K. Hill. 1985. Food sharing among Ache foragers: tests of explantory hypotheses.
Current anthropology 26:223-246.
—. 1985. Hunting ability and reproductive success among male Ache foragers: preliminary results.
Current Anthropology 26:131-133.
Kaplan, H., K. Hill, K. Hawkes, and A. Hurtado. 1984. Food sharing among Ache foragers of
Eastern Paraguay. Current Anthropology 25:113-115.
Katz, M., and M. Konner. 1981. "The role of the father: an anthropological perspective," in The Role
of the Father in Child Development. Edited by M. Lamb, pp. 189-222. New York: Wiley.
Konner, M. 2005. "Hunter-gatherer infancy and childhood: the !Kung and others," in Hunter-gatherer
childhoods : evolutionary, developmental & cultural perspectives. Edited by B. Hewlett, pp. 19-64: New
Brunswick : Transaction Publishers.
Konner, M., and M. Shostak. 1987. Timing and management of birth among the !Kung: biocultural
interaction in reproductive adaptation. Cultural anthropology 2:11-28.
Konner, M., and C. Worthman. 1980. Nursing frequency, gonadal function, and birth spacing
among !Kung hunter-gatherers. Science 207:788-791.
Konner, M. J. 1972. "Aspects of the developmental ethology of a foraging people," in Ethnological
studies of child behaviour, pp. 285-304: Cambridge, [Eng.] : Cambridge University Press. c1972.
—. 1976. "Maternal care, infant behavior and development among the !Kung," in Kalahari huntergatherers, pp. 218-245: Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.
—. 1977. "Infancy among the Kalahari Desert San," in Culture and infancy, pp. 287-328: New York :
Academic Press, 1977.
Konner, M. J., and C. M. Worthman. 1980. Nursing frequency, gonadal function, and birth spacing
among !Kung hunter-gatherers. Science 207:788-791.
Kramer, K. 2002. Variability in the duration of juvenile dependence: the benefits of Maya children's
work to parents. Human Nature 13:299-325.
Kramer, K. L. 2002. Variation in juvenile dependence: helping behavior among Maya children.
Human nature : an interdisciplinary biosocial perspective 13:299-325.
—. 2005. Children's help and the pace of reproduction: cooperative breeding in humans. Evolutionary
anthropology 14:224-237.
Landsberg, H. 1969. Weather and Health. Garden City: Doubleday & Company.
Page 6 of 10
Lee, R. 1968. "What Hunters do for a Living: Or How to Make Out on Scarce Resources," in Man
the Hunter. Edited by R. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 30-45. Chicago: Aldine.
Lee, R., and K. Kramer. 2002. Children's economic roles in the Maya family life cycle: Cain,
Caldwell, and Chayanov revisited. Population and Development Review 28:475-499.
Lee, R. B. 1974. What hunters do for a living, or, how to make out on scarce resources. Cohen, Yehudi
A., ed. man in adaptation 2nd. ed 2:87-100.
—. 1979. The !Kung San. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, J. 1981. Domestic labor intensity and the incorporation of Mailain peasant farmer into
localized descent groups. American Ethnologist 8:53-73.
Little, M., and M. Morren. 1976. Ecology, Energetics, and Human Variability. Dubuque, IL: W. C.
Brown.
Lizot, J. 1977. Population, Resources, et Guerre chez les Yanomami. Libre 2:111-145.
—. 1978. Economie primitive et subsistence: essai sur le travail et l'alimentation chez les Yanomami.
Libre 4:69-113.
Longabaugh, R. 1980. The systematic observation of behavior in natural settings. Handbook of crosscultural psychology 2:57-126.
Loomis, A. 1932. Observation of social behavior in industrial work. Experimental approach:211-213.
Marlowe, F. W. 2005. "Who tends Hadza children?," in Hunter-gatherer childhoods : evolutionary,
developmental & cultural perspectives, pp. 177-190: New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers.
Martin, P., and P. Bateson. 1993. Measuring Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McArthur, M. 1960. "Reports of the nutritional unit," in Records of the American-Australian Scientific
Expedition to Arnhem Land. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
McCarthy, F. D., and M. MacArthur. 1960. "The food quest factor in aboriginal economic life," in
Records of the Australian-American Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land: Anthropology and Nutrition,
vol. 2. Edited by C. P. Mountford. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Meehan, B. 1977. Hunters by the seashore. Journal of Human Evolution. 6:363-370.
Mencarini, L., and M. L. Tanturri. 2004. Time use, family role-set and childbearing among Italian
working women. Genus 60:111-137.
Messer, E., and M. Bloch. 1985. Women's and children's activity profiles: a comparison of time
allocation and time allocation methods. Journal of comparative family studies 16:329-343.
Michael, B., N. CG, P. M, T. RM, and J. AA. 1994. The influence of reproductive status on rural
Kenyan women's time use. Social science and medicine 39:345-54.
Mueller, E. 1982. The allocation of women's time and its relation to fertility. Women's roles and
population trends in the Third World:55-86.
Mukhopadhyay, S. 1998. Role behaviours among urban women as revealed by time allocation.
Collegium Antropologicum 22:241-246.
Munroe, R., R. Munroe, C. Michelson, A. Koel, R. Bolton, and C. Bolton. 1983. Time allocation in
four societies. Ethnology. 22:355-370.
Munroe, R., R. Munroe, and H. Shumin. 1984. Children's work in four cultures. American
Anthropologist 86:369-379.
Munroe, R. H., R. L. Munroe, E. Westling, and J. Roseberg. 1997. Infant experience and latechildhood dispositions: an eleven-year follow-up among the Logoli of Kenya. Ethos 25:359372.
Munroe, R. L. 2002. Father absence, social structure, and attention allocation in children: a fourculture comparison. Ethos 29:315-328.
—. 2005. Reflection of women's status in speech frequency: a four-culture study. Cross-cultural research
39:399-417.
Page 7 of 10
Munroe, R. L., R. Hulefeld, J. M. Rodgers, D. L. Tomeo, and S. K. Yamazaki. 2000. Aggression
among children in four cultures. Cross-Cultural Research 34:3-25.
Nag, M., B. White, and R. Peet. 1978. An Anthropological Approach to the Study of the Economic
Value of Children in Java and Nepal. Current Anthropology 19:293-306.
Nakagawa, N. 1990. Decisions on time allocation to different food patches by Japanese monkeys
(Macaca fuscata). Primates 31:459-468.
Noss, A. J. 1997. Economic importance of communal net hunting among the BaAka of the Central
African Republic. Human Ecology 25:71-89.
Ohtsuka, R., N. Sudo, M. Sekiyama, C. Watanabe, T. Inaoka, and T. Kadono. 2004. Gender
difference in daily time and space use among Bangladeshi villagers under arsenic hazard:
application of the compact spot-check method. Journal of biosocial science 36:317-332.
O'Malley, M. 1990. Keeping Watch: A History of American Time. New York: Viking Press.
Panter Brick, C. 1991. Lactation, birth spacing and maternal work-loads among two castes in rural
Nepal. Journal of Biosocial Science 23:137-154.
—. 1992. Women's work and child nutrition: the food intake of 0-4 year old children in rural Nepal.
Ecology of Food and Nutrition 29:13-24.
Panter-Brick, C. 1989. Motherhood and subsistence work: the Tamang of rural Nepal. Human Ecology
17:205-228.
Paolisso, M. 1983. Aboriginal population and depopulation: a case study of the encomiendas of
Mérida, Venezuela. Anthropology UCLA 13:45-59.
Paolisso, M., M. Baksh, and J. Thomas. 1989. "Women's Agricultural Labor, Child Care and Infant
Diarrhea in Rural Kenya.," in Women's Work and Child Welfare in the Third World. Edited by J.
Leslie and M. Paolisso, pp. 217-236. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Paolisso, M., and R. Sackett. 1985. Traditional Meat Procurement Strategies among the Irapa-Yukpa
of the Venezuela-Colombia Border Area. Research in Economic. Anthropology. 7:177-202.
Paolisso, M., G. Sarah, and C. Linda. 1999. Gender and Household-Level Responses to Soil
Degradation in Honduras. Human Organization 58:261-273.
Peacock, N. 1985. Time Allocation, Work and Fertility among Efe Pygmy Women of Zaire PhD thesis,
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
Pianta, R., J. Belsky, R. Houts, and F. Morrison. 2007. Opportunities to Learn in America’s
Elementary Classrooms. Science 315:1795-1796.
Rai, N. 1990. Living in a Lean-to: Philippine Negrito Foragers in Transition. Vol. No. 80. Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan.
Robinson, J. P. 1973. Social change reflected in the use of time. Campbell, Angus and Philip E. Converse,
eds. Human meaning of social change:17-86.
Rogoff, B. 1978. Spot observations: an introduction and examination. The Quarterly Newsletter of the
Institute for Comparative Human Development 2:21-26.
Sahlins, M. 1968. "Notes on the original affluent society," in Man the Hunter. Edited by R. B. Lee and
I. DeVore, pp. 85-89. Chicago: Aldine.
Sailer, L. D., and S. J. C. Gaulin. 1984. Proximity, sociality, and observation: the definition of social
groups. American Anthropologist 86:91-98.
Salz, B. R. 1984. Use of time. Work in non-market and transitional societies. Herbert Applebaum, ed.
Albany:203-218.
Scaglion, R. 1986. Importance of nighttime observations in time allocation studies. American
ethnologist 13:537-545.
Seifer, R., A. J. Sameroff, L. C. Barrett, and E. Krafchuk. 1994. Infant Temperament Measured by
Multiple Observations and Mother Report. Child Development 65:1478-1490.
Page 8 of 10
Silberbauer, G. 1981. Hunter and Habitat in the Central Kalahari Desert. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Smith, A. 1979. Chayanov, Sahlins, and the labor-consumer balance. American Ethnologist 35:477-480.
Smith, E. A. 1981. "The application of optimal foraging theory to the analysis of hunter-gatherer
group size," in Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies. Edited by B. Winterhalder and E. A. Smith.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
—. 1987. On fitness maximization, limited needs, and hunter-gatherer time allocation. Ethology and
Sociobiology 8:73-85.
Spurr, G. B., D. L. Dufour, and J. C. Reina. 1996. Energy expenditures of urban Colombian girls
and women. American Journal of Human Biology 8:237-249.
Steiner, J. F. 1967. Modern recreation: backgrounds and present trends. Hatt, Paul K., ed. Cities and
society:516-526.
Stinson, L. 1999. Measuring how people spend their time: a time-use survey design. Monthly Labor
Review 12-19.
Suda, K. 1994. Methods and problems in time allocation studies. Anthropological Science 102:13-22.
Sugawara, K. 1984. Spatial proximity and bodily contact among the central Kalahari San. African
Studies Monographs 3:1-43.
Szlai, A. 1972. The Use of Time. The Hague: Mouton.
Tanaka, J. 1977. "Subsistence Ecology of the Central Kalahari !Kung," in The Kalahari Foragers.
Edited by R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 99-119. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
—. 1980. The San, Foragers of the Kalahari. (D.W. Hughes Transl.). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
Thomas, B. 1973. Human Adaptation to a High Energy Flow System. State College, PA: Pennsylvania
State University.
Tiefenthaler, J. 1997. Fertility and family time allocation in the Philippines. Population Development
Review 23:377-397.
Tronick, E., G. Morelli, and S. Winn. 1987. Multiple caretaking of Efe (Pygmy) infants. American
Anthropologist 89:96-106.
Tucker, B., and A. G. Young. 2005. "Growing up Mikea: children's time allocation and tuber
foraging in southwestern Madagascar," in Hunter-gatherer childhoods : evolutionary, developmental &
cultural perspectives, pp. 147-171: New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers.
Turke, P. 1988. "Helpers at the nest: childcare networks on Ifaluk," in Human reproductive behavior: a
Darwinian perspective. Edited by L. Betzig, M. Borgerhoff Mulder, and P. Turke, pp. 173-188.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Umezaki, M., T. Yamauchi, and R. Ohtsuka. 2002. Time allocation to subsistence activities among
the Huli in rural and urban Papua New Guinea. Journal of Biosocial Science 34:133-137.
Van Arsdale, P. 1978. Activity patterns of Asmat foragers: A Time Budget Analysis. Mankind II:453460.
Vickers, W. 1984. The faunal component of lowland South American hunting kills. Interciencia 9:366376.
Viera, A., and J. Garrett. 205. Understanding Interobserver Agreement: The Kappa Statistic. Family
Medicine 37:360-363.
Waynforth, D. 1999. Differences in time use for mating and nepotistic effort as a function of male
attractiveness in rural Belize. Evolution and Human Behavior 20:19-28.
Weisner, T., and R. Gallimore. 1977. My brother's keeper: child and sibling caretaking. Current
Anthropology 18:169-190.
Wells, W., and L. Lo Sciuto. 1966. Direct Observation of Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Marketing
Research 3:227-233.
Page 9 of 10
West, M., and M. Konner. 1986. "The role of the father: an anthropological perspective," in The Role
of the Father in Child Development. Edited by M. Lamb, pp. 185-217. New York: Wiley.
Whiting, B., and J. Whiting. 1973. "Methods for observing and recording behavior," in A Handbook
of Method in Cultural Anthropology. Edited by R. Naroll and R. Cohen, pp. 282-315. New York:
Columbia University Press.
—. 1975. Children of Six Cultures. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Williams, R. L., S. A. Flocke, and K. C. Stange. 2001. Race and Preventive Services Delivery among
Black Patients and White Patients Seen in Primary Care. Medical Care 39:1260-1267.
Winterhalder, B. 1986. Diet Choice, Risk, and Food Sharing in a Stochastic Environment. Journal of
Anthropological Archaeology. 5:369-392.
—. 1987. "The Analysis of Hunter-Gatherer Diets: Stalking an Optimal Foraging Model," in Food
and Evolution: Toward a Theory of Human Food Habits. Edited by M. Harris and E. Ross, pp.
311-339. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Yamauchi, T., M. Umezaki, and R. Ohtsuka. 2000. Energy expenditure, physical exertion and time
allocation among Huli speaking people in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. Annals of
Human Biology 27:571-585.
Page 10 of 10
Download