Molule 2
COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY
1.For determining the intensity of scattered light by colloidal particles using the quation:
A.
*Rayeleigh
B.
Lambert-Ber
C.
Binham
D.
Einstein
E.
Poiseuille
2.The micro crystals of hard soluble substance in the center of micelle form:
A.
*aggregate
B.
diffuse layer of contrions
C.
grain
D.
layer of potential determining ions
E.
adsorption layer of contrions
3.What is characterized of Brownian motion of dispersed systems particles?
A.
*average displacement
B.
diffusion coefficient.
C.
Speed sedimentation.
D.
zeta-potential.
E.
Speed coagulation.
4.When a strong beam of light is passed through a MnO2 sol's solution the there is
available the following phenomenon:
A.
*scattering of light;
B.
interference of light;
C.
light reflection;
D.
Optimal anisotropy
E.
No one
5.Many drugs are dispersed systems. Which type of dispersed systems are emulsions?
A.
*L-L
B.
L-S
C.
S-S
D.
S-L
E.
G-L
6.In the pharmacy there are often used medicines such as suspensions. Which type of disperse
systems is this?
A.
*S-L
B.
G-g.
C.
G-L.
D.
L-L.
E.
L-G.
7.Hydrosols of sulfur, cholesterol are obtained by the adding alcohol solutions of these substances
to water. What the method is used?
A.
*Changing the solvent.
B.
Chemical condensation.
C.
condensation of steam.
D.
mechanical dispersion.
E.
Chemical condensation.
8.The structural unit of the colloidal solution of medicinal substance is.
A.
*micelle
B.
molecule
C.
atom
D.
ion
E.
zwitter-ion
9.Dispersed systems are used in pharmaceutical practice. The method of confirmation of the
colloidal state is the passage of light through the system. According to that the beam of light:
A.
*scattering in the form of a luminous cone
B.
affects
C.
absorbed
D.
undergoes refraction
E.
penetrates into the particle
10.
Some drugs are colloidal solutions. Colloidal dispersion systems are the system which
include, the next size of particles:
A.
*10-9- 10-7 m
B.
10-7-10-4 m
C.
10-4 m
D.
10-9 m
E.
10-9- 10-4 m
11.
In the pharmacy practice, there is used the microheterogeneous systems with a liquid
dispersion and solid disperse phase. This dosage form is:
A.
*Suspension
B.
foam
C.
powder
D.
Aerosol
E.
Emulsion
12.
Emulsion, ointment, pasta, etc., can be prepared by crushing of solid and liquid substances
in suitable environment. This method is called
A.
*dispersion
B.
condensation
C.
sedimentation
D.
coagulation
E.
adhesion
13.
The "artificial kidney" can clean the blood flowing under the pressure between the two
membranes that are covered with an external saline solution. This process is based on:
A.
*dialysis and ultrafiltration
B.
coagulation
C.
sedimentation
D.
dispersion
E.
adsorption
14.
Sol Al(OH)3 was received by a converting a freshly prepared precipitate of Al(OH)3 by a
small quantity of HC1 solution. Which is the method of the sol preparation?
A.
*Chemical peptisation
B.
chemical condensation
C.
Washing solvent
D.
Mechanical dispersion
E.
physical condensation
15.
In pharmaceutical manufacturing practices are widely used drugs in the form of colloiddisperse systems. What method of sol obtaining belongs to the physical condensation?
A.
*Exange of a solvent
B.
Recovery
C.
Oxidation
D.
hydrolysis
E.
double exchange
16.
What is the formula of micelle of sol of As2S3, which was obtained by the following
reaction:
2AsCl3 +3H2S → As2S3↓ + 6 HCl, if during the electrophoresis process grains move to anode?
A.
{m [As2S3] nAs3+ (3n-x)Cl-}x+ xClB.
{m [As2S3] 3nCl- (n-x)As3+}3x- x As3+
*{m [As2S3] nS2- (2n-x)H+}x- xH+
{m [As2S3] 2nH+ (n-x)S2-}2x+ xS2none of the above
What is the formula of micelle of sol of H2SiO3, which was obtained by the following
reaction: K2SiO3 + 2HCl → H2SiO3↓ + 2KCl, if during the electrophoresis process ions of
opposite charge move to cathode?
A.
*{m [H2SiO3] nSiO32- (2n-x)K+}x- xK+
B.
{m [H2SiO3] nH+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xClC.
{m [H2SiO3] nH+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xH+
D.
{m [H2SiO3] nK+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xClE.
{m [H2SiO3] nK+ (n-x) SiO32-}x- xK+
18.
What is the formula of micelle of sol of silver (I) hexacyanoferrate (II), which was obtained
by mixing of K4[Fe(CN)6] and AgNO3 potassium bromide, in excess was silver (I) nitrate?
A.
*{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xNO3B.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] n NO3- (n-x) Ag+ }x- xAg+
C.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] n [Fe(CN)6]4- (4n-x) K+ }x- xK+
D.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] nAg+ nNO3-}
E.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] nAg+ (n-x) [Fe(CN)6]4-}-3n+4x 4xNO319.
What is the formula of micelle of sol of silver (I) iodide, which was obtained by mixing of
AgNO3 and potassium iodide, in excess was potassium iodide?
A.
{m [AgI] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xNO3B.
*{m [AgI] nI- (n-x)K+}x- xK+
C.
{m [AgI] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xID.
{m [AgI] n NO3- (n-x) K+}x- xK+
E.
{m [AgI] nK+ (n-x)I-}x+ xI20.
For purification of the colloidal solution is used such method as:
A.
Dialysis
B.
Titration;
C.
Electrodialysis;
D.
*Ultrafiltration;
E.
Ultracentrifugation
21.
What from of dispersion system is the smoke (G-gas, L-Liquid, S-solid)?
A.
G/S;
B.
S/S;
C.
L/L;
D.
*S/G;
E.
G/L
22.
System with size dispersed phase particle ≤10-9 m is:
A.
*True solution;
B.
Microheterogeneous;
C.
Macroheterogeneous;
D.
Homogeneous;
E.
Colloidal solution.
23.
Systems, in which size of particle colloid solution 10-4 m are:
A.
True solution;
B.
*Macroheterogeneous ;
C.
Microheterogeneous;
D.
Ultramicroheterogeneous;
E.
Homogeneous.
24.
Which properties have dispersion systems?
A.
A molecule is structural unit of the system;
B.
Thermodynamics stable system;
C.
Homogeneous system;
D.
*Thermodynamics instable system;
C.
D.
E.
17.
E.
25.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
27.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
28.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
29.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
31.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
32.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
33.
A.
B.
The system has not surface between phases
Which of the following is not correct for colloids
particle size is 103 – 105 pm
show Tyndall effect
generally transparent
*diffuse rapidly
colloidal particles have a charge
Which of the following is not correct for colloids
particle size is 103 – 105 pm
show Tyndall effect
*diffuse rapidly
generally transparent
colloidal particles have a charge
The average molecular mass of colloidal particles can be accurately determined by
*measurement of osmotic pressure
tyndall effect
brownian movement
flocculation value
coagulation value
An example of micelles is:
*sodium stearate
solution of KCl
solution of NaCl
ruby glass
NaCl (solid)
The process of separation of colloids by passing through semi-permeable membrane is
called
filtration
electrophoresis
*dialysis
ultrafiltration
none of the above
The zig-zag motion of colloidal particles was first observed by:
John Tyndall
*Robert Brown
Zsigmondy
Ostwald
None of the above
Medicines are often prepared as suspension. Which of the following phenomena
characterize suspension?
А. diffusion
*В, sedimentation
С. osmosis
Brownian movement
Е. Opalescence
Colloid systems have following property except:
Sedimentation;
*Coagulation;
Diffusion;
Brownian movement effect;
Osmotic pressure
Free dispersion systems are
Gel
Foam
C.
D.
E.
34.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
35.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
36.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
37.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
38.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
39.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
40.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
41.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
*Emulsion
Ointment
Past
Osmotic pressure of colloid systems…
*is very low
doesn’t change according to the increasing of temperature
is very high
very strongly change at the light
no correct answer
How does the Brownian motion change according to the increasing of the colloid particle
radius?
increase its fluctuating motion
*the Brownian motion decreases
the Brownian motion increase
the fusion increase
the sedimentation goes slowly
What is the name of the process that remove small dissolved molecules from colloidal
solutions or dispersion?
Electroosmosis
Ultrafiltration
*Dialysis
Electrodialysis
Filtration
What is the preparation method of AgBr sol if 10 ml of 0.005 mol/l AgNO3 solution react
with 40 ml of 0.0025 mol/l КВr solution?
*Chemical condensation
Chemical dispergation
Physical dispersion
Physical condensation
Dialysis
Physical condensation methods of sol’s preparationincludes…..
hydrolysis
*the change of physical state
reduction
double changing
oxidation
What’s reagent that can use for peptisation of AgCl sediment?
HNO3
H2SO4
*NH4Cl
KOH
KNO3
What’s reagent that can use for peptisation of BaSO4 sediment?
HNO3
*K2SO4
HCl
FeCl3
KCl
What’s reagent that can not use for peptisation of BaSO4 sediment?
BaCl2
Na2SO4
Ba(NO3)2
*CaCO3
K2SO4
42.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
43.
A.
What’s reagent that can not use for peptisation of AgCl sediment?
AgSO4
NaCl
*CaCO3
AgNO3
KCl
After an adsorption acetate acid from water solution by active coal how will you calculate
the equilibrium concentration of acid? What formula you will use after basic-acid titration?
C  C titrantVtitrant
С
B.
С titran t
Vtitrant
C
Ctitrant Vtitrant
Vacid
C.
*
D.
Vacid
CtitrantVtitrant
1
C
C titrantVtitrannt
C
E.
44.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
45.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
46.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
47.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
48.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
49.
A.
B.
Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm is described by the equation such as:
*Г=Г∞ KC /(1+KС)
Г=kc
x/m=kc1/n
Г=Гc·V/m
C d
Г 
RT dC
What’s the name of Multimolecular adsorption theory?
*BET
Langmuir
Gibbs
Shyshkovskiy
Freundlich
The accumulation of atoms or molecules on the surface of a material is:
*Adsorption
Wetting
Adhesion
Desorption
Chemosorption
The chromatography is based on the phenomenon of:
Osmosis
*Adsorption
Electrophoresis
Electrolysis
Coagulations
The chromatography is the method of the analysis which is grounded on the redistribution of
the substance between:
*Moving and nonmoving phases
Two moving phases which don’t mix between each other.
Liquid and solid phases
Liquid and gas phases
Solid and gas phases
What’s characterize a chemosorption:
The process is reversible process
The heat of process is low
C.
D.
E.
50.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
51.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
52.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
53.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
54.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
55.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
56.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
57.
A.
B.
*The heat of process is high
It doesn’t require any an active energy
All process
What’s characterize an physical adsorption:
*It forms multimolecules layer
It forms unimolecular layer
Surface compound are formed
The process is irreversible process
The heat of process is high
The suspension of what adsorbent is used for removal of intoxication caused by alkaloid
poisoning?
*activated charcoal
silica
bentonite
caoline
starch
Using the activated charcoal for purification of antibiotics due to the process of spontaneous
changes in the concentration of component in the surface layer of aqueous solutions, than in
the bulk. This process is called
*adsorption
wetting
desorption
cohesion
adhesion
Which equation can be used for quantitative characterization of adsorption on the boundary
"solid-gas"?
Gibbs equation
Helmholtz-Smoluhovski equation
*Freundlich equation
Szyszkowski equation
Reley equation
The phenomenon of adsorption must be considered in the production, purification and
storage of drugs and dosage forms. Which equation does not describe this phenomenon?
Freundlich equation
Langmuir equation
Gibbs equation
*Helmholtz equation
BET equation
Which feature does not characterize a physical adsorption.
reversable processes
absence of a stoichiometry racio
the decrease of adsorption with increasing temperature
thermal effects are close to the values of the heats of vaporization
*the formation of new chemical compounds
Which row contains the anions according to the increasing of their adsorption ability?
NO3-, Br-, Cl-, CSN-, OH-, J-;
J-, Br-, Cl-, CSN-, OHOH-, CSN-, NO3-, Br-, Cl*Cl-, Br-, NO3-, J-, CSN-, OHCSN-, OH-, J-, NO3-, Br-, ClIf the solute is adsorbed more strongly than the solvent, it is
negative adsorption
*positive adsorption
C.
D.
E.
58.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
59.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
60.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
61.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
62.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
63.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
64.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
65.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
chemisorption
cohesion
wetting
The surface of which adsorbent is covered by ≡ Si-OH groups?
cellulose
activated carbon
formaldehyde resin
*silica
talc
The atoms of which elements form the basis of zeolites?
С, Р
S, С
*Sі, АІ
Fе, Zn
Cu, P
What is the name of the adsorbent which are characterized by a process equivalent exchange
of ions?
*ionites
ion - Selective film
zeolites
zaryadobminniky
hemosorbents
Which adsorbent is used for surfactants adsorption from polar solvents.
*Silica gel.
Activated charcoal.
Graphite
Talc.
None
The less adsorbed substances moving in the chromatography column…
slowly
*faster
don’t move
an adsorption of the substances doesn’t influence on the rate of the substances moving
with the rest substances
Application of an activated charcoal in medical practice based on its:
*Strong adsorption capacity;
Hydrophobic properties;
Hydrophilic properties;
Minor density;
Solubility in water
What adsorbent the better adsorbs surfactants from aqueous solutions?
*Activated charcoal
Silica gel
Bentonite
Quartz
Cellulose
Effects of some drugs on the body necessarily involves the stage of adsorption. Which factor
does not influence on adsorption from solution on a solid surface?
The nature of the adsorbent;
The nature of the adsorptive;
Temperature;
Equilibrium molar concentration of the adsorptive;
*Pressure
66.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
67.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
68.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
69.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
70.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
71.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
72.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
73.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
74.
A.
B.
Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm is described by the equation such as
Г=Г∞ KC /(1+KС)
Г=kС
*x/m=kc1/n
Г=Гc·V/m
C d
Г 
RT dC
How does the adsorption change of the exothermic process after increasing temperature?
*reduce
increase
does not change
the first reduce than increase.
the first increase than reduce
What equation characterizes gas-solid adsorption?
Gibb’s equation
Helmholts’s equation
*Langmuir’s equation;
Shyshkovski’s equation
Stephen Brunauer’s equation
The less adsorbed substances moving in the chromatography column…
slowly
*faster
don’t move
an adsorption of the substances doesn’t influence on the rate of the substances moving
with the rest substances
The adsorbent is
Titrant
The substance that is adsorbed by the adsorbent
*There is the adsorption process on its surface
Initial substance for the synthesis
The substance diffuses into a liquid or solid to form a solution
The desorption is the
Ionic changing
Complex formation
To adsorb the substance by the adsorbent
*The reverse process to an adsorption
Sublimation of the substance
Dependence of an adsorption from the concentration of solution or pressure at the same
temperature is described by:
Gibb’s equation
Helmholts’s equation
Stephen Brunauer’s equation
*Langmuir’s equation
Shyshkovskiy’s equation
Application of an activated charcoal in medical practice based on its:
*Strong adsorption capacity;
Hydrophobic properties;
Hydrophilic properties;
Minor density;
Solubility in water
What adsorbent the better adsorbs surfactants from aqueous solutions?
*Activated charcoal
Silica gel
C.
D.
E.
75.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
76.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
77.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
78.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
79.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
80.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
81.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
82.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bentonite
Quartz
Cellulose
Effects of some drugs on the body necessarily involves the stage of adsorption. Which factor
does not influence on adsorption from solution on a solid surface?
The nature of the adsorbent;
The nature of the adsorptive;
Temperature;
Equilibrium molar concentration of the adsorptive
*Pressure
Which row contains the cations according to the increasing of their adsorption ability?
*Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +
Cs +; Rb +, K +, Na +, Li +,
K +, Na +, Li +, Rb +, Cs +;
K +, Li +, Na +, Cs +; Rb +
Na +, K +, Li +, Rb +, Cs +
Which feature is typical for chemisorption?
Fast turnaround processes
Lack of stoichiometry.
The decrease of adsorption with increasing temperature
Thermal effects are close to the values of the heats of vaporization.
*Education new chemical compounds....
Adsorption of electrolytes by the Panet-Phaence rule , whereby crystals rebuilt by
Only the anions.
Only the cations.
By any ions from solution.
*Only those ions or atoms which are in their composition, or isomorphic with them.
Only those ions or atoms that do not belong to them, or not isomorphous with them.
Choose a synonym for limiting adsorption:
Adsorption capacity
Specific occupancy
Adsorption capacity
*Capacity of monolayers
Degree of surface coverage
According to the Rehbinder rules , it will be better adsorbed component of the solution, the
polarity of which is:
*an intermediate between the polarities of the adsorbent and the second component of the
solution
lower the polarity of the adsorbent and the second component of the solution
greater than the polarity of the adsorbent and the second component of the solution
equilibrium to the polarity of adsorbents or the second component of the solution
equilibrium zero
What adsorbents are called the molecular sieves?
soot
phenol-formaldehyde resins
*zeolite
clay
activated charcoal
What factor prevents adsorptive interaction with the adsorbent.
Reducing the temperature
Incureasing pressure
*Increasing temperature
Any factors do not affect
E.
83.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
89.
Increasing concentration
In pharmaceutical practice widely used adsorbents. An important characteristic of
adsorbents is the specific surface area, which is defined as
The area of the interface
The area of one particle.
*The ratio of the surface area of the phase separation to the mass of the dispersed phase
The ratio of the surface area of the phase separation to the mass of one particle
The ratio of the surface area of the interface to the square of one particle
The technology of production of drugs widely used Rehbinder rule - reducing the adsorption
strength of solids. At which condition substance C will be adsorbed at the interface of A and B
phases?
Substance C increases the excess of surface free energy
*Substance C reduces the excess of surface free energy
Substance C does not change the surface energy
Substance C chemically reacts with the substance A
Substance C with chemically reacts with the substance B
What’s the name of Multimolecular adsorption theory?
*BET
Langmuir
Gibbs
Shyshkovskiy
Freundlich
The accumulation of atoms or molecules on the surface of a material is:
*Adsorption
Wetting
Adhesion
Desorption
Chemosorption
The chromatography is based on the phenomenon of:
Osmosis
*Adsorption
Electrophoresis
Electrolysis
Coagulations
The chromatography is the method of the analysis which is grounded on the redistribution of
the substance between:
*Moving and nonmoving phases
Two moving phases which don’t mix between each other.
Liquid and solid phases
Liquid and gas phases
Solid and gas phases
What is I in the equation for the determination of the electrokinetic (zeta) potential of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
electroosmosis method
?
time
*current strength
permittivity
permittivity constant
viscosity of the dispersed medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
84.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
85.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
86.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
87.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
88.
90.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
What is V the equation for the determination of the electrokinetic (zeta) potential of the
electroosmosis method
*the volume of liquid
permittivity constant
current strength
specific conductivity
viscosity of the dispersed medium
91.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
What is ζ in Smoluchowski equation
tension
the line velocity of the dispersed particle
*electrokinetic potential
permittivity
electric field strength
?
92.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
What is η in Smoluchowski equation
electrokinetic potential
*viscosity of the dispersed medium
permittivity
tension
permittivity constant
?
93.
A.
B.
C.
D.
94.
What is u0 in Smoluchowski equation
?
*the line velocity of the dispersed particle
the velocity of sedamentationium
permittivity of the disperced med
tension
What is the net charg of the Grain for the following micelle
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
95.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
96.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
negative
*positive
0
+(n-x)
(n+x)
To choose an electrolyte which have the best coagulation ability to sol which consists with
the following micelle
?
KI
Na2SO4
CuSO4
*Ca3(PO4)2
NH4Cl
To choose an electrolyte which have the worst coagulation ability to sol which consists with
the following micelle
?
К2СО3
Na2SO4
CuSO4
Ca3(PO4)2
*NH4Cl
97.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
98.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
99.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
100.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
101.
A.
B.
What the following sabstances can be use for protection of sol with the following micelle
structure from coagulation?
HCl
H2O
*albumin
benzol
K4[Fe(CN)6]
What the potential predetermines colloid stability?
chemical
electrode
*electrokinetic (zeta)
deffuse
thermodynamics
What the phenomena is not Electrolcinetic?
*standard electrode potential
electrophoresis
electro-osmosis
streaming potential
sedimentation potential
The electrophoretic mobility is more when:
the lesser net charge on the particle and the lesser the value of Zeta-potential
the more particle mass
the more viscosity of the dispersed medium
the more concentration of the opposite charge ions
*the more charge of the particle and the value of zeta-potential
What is the electro-osmosis?
the motion of particles of the dispersible phase
*the motion of polar liquid through a membrane or other porous structure under the
influence of an applied electric field
C.
the diffuse motion of particles
D.
the motion of particles of dispersible phase at centrifuging process.
E.
the motion of particles of the dispersible phase in electric field
102. What is happened if the charge of the colloid particles is positive, at electrophoresis –
process?
A.
*they move to the cathode
B.
they move to the anode
C.
they stay at the beginning of the start
D.
the precipitate
E.
they coagulate
103. What the net charge of the colloidal particles (micelle) of Fe(OH)3 in the water solution of
FeCl3:
A.
*positive charge
B.
negative charge
C.
without charge
D.
micelle exists in isoelectric point
E.
precipitate out
104. What is the formula of micelle for the colloidal particle of AgI in water solution of AgNO3 ?
A.
(AgNO3) nNO3B.
(mAg+) nAgI
C.
*{m[AgI] n Ag+(n-x) NO3- }x+ хNO3D.
{m[AgNO3] NO3-} mAg+
E.
{[mAgI] n NO3- (n-x) Ag+ }x+ хNO3-
105.
What is the formula of micelle for sol of AgI, which was obtained by adding the same
volumes of the high diluted sulfuric acid and the lower diluted barium chloride solution?
A.
*{m [BaSO4] nBa2+ (2n-x)Cl-}x+ xClB.
{m [BaSO4] 2nH+ (n-x) SO42-}2x+ xSO42C.
{m [BaSO4] n SO42- (2n-x)H+}x- xH+
D.
{m [BaSO4] nCl- (1/2n-x) Ba2+ }2x- xBa2+
E.
none of the above
106. What is the formula of micelle for sol of AgI, which was obtained by mixing of silver nitrate
and potassium iodide, in excess was silver nitrate?
A.
*{m [AgI] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ x NO3B.
{m [AgI] nI- (n-x)K+}x+ xK+
C.
{m [AgI] nK+ (n-x)I-}x+ xID.
{m [AgI] n NO3- (n-x) Ag+}x- xAg+
E.
{m [AgI] n NO3- (2n-x) Ag+}x+ xAg+
107. What is the formula of micelle for sol of AgBr, which was obtained by mixing of silver
nitrate and potassium bromide, in excess was potassium bromide?
A.
{m [AgBr] nK+ (n-x)Br-}x+ xK+
B.
{m [AgBr] nAg+ (n-x)Br-}x+ xAg+
C.
*{m [AgBr] nBr- (n-x)K+}x- xK+
D.
D. {m [AgBr] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xAg+
E.
E. {m [AgBr] n NO3- (n-x) Ag+}x- xAg+
108. What is the formula of micelle of sol, which was obtained by the following hydrolysis
reaction:
FeCl3 + H2O → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3HCl
A.
{m [Fe(OH)3] nFe3+ (3n-x)Cl-}x+ xClB.
*{m [Fe(OH)3] nFeO+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xClC.
{m [Fe(OH)3] nFeO+ nCl-}
D.
{m [Fe(OH)3] 3nCl- (n-x)Fe3+}3x+ xFe3+
E.
{m [Fe(OH)3] nFe3+ (3n-x)Cl-}x+
109. What is the formula of micelle of sol of As2S3, which was obtained by the following
reaction:
2AsCl3 +3H2S → As2S3↓ + 6 HCl,
if during the electrophoresis process grains move to anode?
A.
{m [As2S3] nAs3+ (3n-x)Cl-}x+ xClB.
{m [As2S3] 3nCl- (n-x)As3+}3x- x As3+
C.
*{m [As2S3] nS2- (2n-x)H+}x- xH+
D.
{m [As2S3] 2nH+ (n-x)S2-}2x+ xS2E.
none of the above
110. What is the formula of micelle of sol of H2SiO3, which was obtained by the following
reaction:
K2SiO3 + 2HCl → H2SiO3↓ + 2KCl
if during the electrophoresis process ions of opposite charge move to cathode?
A.
*{m [H2SiO3] nSiO32- (2n-x)K+}x- xK+
B.
{m [H2SiO3] nH+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xClC.
{m [H2SiO3] nH+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xH+
D.
{m [H2SiO3] nK+ (n-x)Cl-}x+ xClE.
{m [H2SiO3] nK+ (n-x) SiO32-}x- xK+
111. What is the formula of micelle of sol of silver (I) hexacyanoferrate (II), which was obtained
by mixing of K4[Fe(CN)6] and AgNO3 potassium bromide, in excess was silver (I) nitrate?
A.
*{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xNO3B.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] n NO3- (n-x) Ag+ }x- xAg+
C.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] n [Fe(CN)6]4- (4n-x) K+ }x- xK+
D.
E.
112.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
113.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
114.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
115.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
117.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
118.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A.
B.
C.
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] nAg+ nNO3-}
{m [Ag4Fe(CN)6] nAg+ (n-x) [Fe(CN)6]4-}-3n+4x 4xNO3Where does electrokinetic (zeta) potential appearance?
*between grain and diffuse layer
between aggregate and potential determining ions
between nucleus and adsorption layer
between micelle and dispersed medium
between potential determining ions and opposite ions
What is the formula of micelle of sol of silver (I) iodide, which was obtained by mixing of
AgNO3 and potassium iodide, in excess was potassium iodide?
{m [AgI] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xNO3*{m [AgI] nI- (n-x)K+}x- xK+
{m [AgI] nAg+ (n-x)NO3-}x+ xI{m [AgI] n NO3- (n-x) K+}x- xK+
{m [AgI] nK+ (n-x)I-}x+ xIWhen the potential difference between electrodes increases the electrophoretic mobility…
*reduces
increases
the first reduces than increases
doesn’t change
the first increases than reduces
The determination of electrokinetic (zeta) potential is…
V/m
V/m2
*V
V Kl
J/V
Electroosmosis is the motion of … through a membrane or other porous structure under the
influence of an applied electric field
*diffusion layer of opposite charge ions
particles of dispersed phase
dispersed medium
potential determining ions of the nucleus
None of the above
Which of the following phenomena is electrocinetic?
non of the following
diffusion
sedimetation
*electrophoresis
electrodialysis
The coagulation power of an electrolytes ions depend on:
mole fraction concentration of sol
*the charge of coagulation ions
the viscosity of the dispersed medium
the level of the dispersion of sol
pressure
What is the coagulation value of an electrolyte?
the minimal sol’s concentration, after its increasing can be observed coagulation
*the minimal molarity electrolite’s concentration, after its increasing can be observed
coagulation
the minimal molarity concentration of the high molecular compound, after its increasing can
be observed coagulation
D.
E.
120.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
121.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
123.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
124.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
125.
A.
B.
C.
D.
the minimal molarity concentration of the nonelectrolte, after its increasing can be observed
coagulation
the minimal molarity concentration of the surfactant, after its increasing can be observed
coagulation
The coagulation power of an electrolytes ions do not depend upon:
the radius of ion
*temperature
the volume of sol
the charge of the coagulation’s ion
hydration ability of ions
Chose from the following row the one valance cation which has the lest coagulation power:
*Li+
Rb+
Na+
Cs+
K+
Chose of the following row the one valance cation which has the highest coagulation power:
Li+
Rb+
Na+
*Cs+
K+
Coagulation power of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the:
viscosity of the dispersed medium
degree of dissociation
dissociation constant
*valency of its ions
none of the above
Coagulation power of the electrolyte’s ions increases with the reducing of their hydration
level. Chose the correct Hofmeystr’s row:
N POW ER
COAGULATIO



- Br , I , Cl , SCN-, NO3N POW ER



* COAGULATIO
- Cl , Br , NO3 , I , SCNN POW ER
COAGULATIO



- SCN , Br , I , Cl-, NO3N POW ER
COAGULATIO



NO3-, Br-, I-, Cl-, SCNN POW ER
COAGULATIO



Cl-, I-, NO3-, Br-, SCNCoagulation power of the electrolyte’s ions increases with the reducing of their hydration
level. Chose the correct Hofmeystr’s row:
N POW ER
COAGULATIO



Cs+, Rb+, K+, Na+, Li+
N POW ER



* COAGULATIO
Li+, Na+,K+, Rb+, Cs+
N POW ER
COAGULATIO



K+, Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+
N POW ER
COAGULATIO



Na+,K+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+
N POW ER
COAGULATIO



+
+
+ +
Rb , Li , Na ,K , Cs+
126. Sol of iron (III) hydroxide which has the positive charge is coagulated by electrolytes.
Which of the following electrolyte has the best coagulation ability?
A.
potassium chloride
B.
*magnesium sulfate
C.
sodium bromide
D.
aluminium nitrate
E.
silver iodide
127. Chose from the following raw of the one valence ions, which are located according to the
reducing of the hydrate level, ion with the highest coagulation power.
A.
ClB.
BrC.
NO3 D.
IE.
*SCN
128. Hydrosol of AgBr was obtained by mixing of the equal volumes of 0,005M KBr solution
and 0,01M AgNO3 solution. Which of the following electrolyte has the lowest coagulation
value?
A.
KNO3
B.
*MgSO4
C.
KCl
D.
CaCl2
E.
KI
129. If you mix two sols with the same charged grains, you can observe:
A.
sedimentation
B.
mutual coagulation
C.
aggregation
D.
flocculation
E.
*none of the above
130. Sol of AgCl was obtained by mixing of the equal volume of AlCl3 and AgNO3
with excess quantity of AlCl3 solution. Which of the following electrolyte has the lowest
coagulation value?
A.
Na2CO3
B.
MgSO4
C.
*FeCl3
D.
K3[Fe(CN)6]
E.
K4[Fe(CN)6]
131. The coagulation value of MCl2 and AlCl3 is related between the electrolytes as γ (1/2
MgCl2) > γ (1/3 AlCl3). What is the grain’s charge?
A.
*negative
B.
positive
C.
zero
D.
first positive than zero
E.
first negative than positive
132. Sol of AgBr was obtained by interaction between AgNO3 and KBr. Sol was coagulated by
electrolytes with the following coagulation values (mmol/L) as:
γ (1/2 BaNO3)=6,0; γ (1/2 MgCl2)=5,0; γ (BaNO3)=260; γ (KCl)=256; γ (1/3 Al(NO3)3)=0,067.
What is the grain’s charge of Sol of AgBr?
A.
*negative
B.
positive
E.
C.
zero
D.
first positive than zero
E.
first negative than positive
133. The coagulation values (mmol/L) of sol of PbS equals:
γ (NaNO3)=250,0; γ (1/2 MgNO3)=20,0; γ (1/3 Fe(NO3)3)=0,5. What is the grain’s charge of Sol of
PbS?
A.
*negative
B.
positive
C.
zero
D.
first positive than zero
E.
first negative than positive
134. Sol was coagulated by electrolytes, which have the following coagulation values (mmol/L):
γ (NaCl)=300,0; γ (1/2 MgCl2)=320,0; γ (1/3 Na3PO4)=0,6; γ (1/2 Na2SO4) = 20.0). Which of the
following electrolyte has the highest coagulation power?
A.
NaCl
B.
*Na3PO4
C.
Na2SO4
D.
MgCl2
E.
none of the above
135. Sol was coagulated by electrolytes, which have the following coagulation values (mmol/L):
γ (NaCl)=300,0; γ (1/2 MgCl2)=320,0; γ (1/3 Na3PO4)=0,6; γ (1/2 Na2SO4] = 20.0). Which of the
following electrolyte has the lowest coagulation power?
A.
*NaCl
B.
Na3PO4
C.
Na2SO4
D.
MgCl2
E.
none of the above
136. Pharmacist prepared protargol which is the colloidal solution of silver (I) oxide. For the
increasing its stability pharmacist added high molecular compound (protein). Using the
meaning of gold number (mg) choose high molecular compound that has the highest
protection ability.
A.
*gelatin – 0,035
B.
egg’s albumin – 2,5
C.
dextrin – 100,0
D.
saponins – 35,0
E.
none of the above
137. Pharmacist prepared protargol which is the colloidal solution of silver (I) oxide. For the
increasing its stability pharmacist added high molecular compound (protein). Using the
meaning of gold number (mg) choose high molecular compound that has the lowest protection
ability.
A.
gelatin – 0,035
B.
egg’s albumin – 2,5
C.
*dextrin – 100,0
D.
saponins – 35,0
E.
none of the above
138. Surfactant is:
A.
Н2О
B.
NaCl
C.
*C2H5OH
D.
HNO3
E.
K4Fe[(CN)6]
139.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
140.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
141.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
142.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
143.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
144.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
145.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
146.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
How many times will the surface activity of surfactant increase according to the increasing
of the hydrocarbon radical on group – СН2?
in 2.5 times;
*in 3,5 times
in 1,5 times;
in 4,5 times;
in 5,5 times
What is the dimension (unit) of the surface tension?
Dynes /m2
Dynes.m2
Dynes/kJм2
*J/ m2
J kg/m2
What is name of the substances which decrease the surface tension when their concentration
is growing?
Hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic
*Surfactant
Unsurfactant
Selection
Which of this organic acid has the minimal surface activity?
С2Н5СООН.
*СН3СООН
С5Н11СООН
С7Н15СООН
С3Н7СООН
As for the water surfactant is:
Urea
*Valeric acid
Chlorine acid
Carbonic acid
Nothing listed
Required force for the bearing out of molecules from the depth of liquid on surface, which is
attributed to the unit of the area of surface phase separation is:
internal pressure
the scope
adsorptive pressure
surface pressure
*surface tension
What is the name of the interaction between molecules inside one phase?
Adhesion
Surface tension
*Cohesion
Wetting
Capillary condensation
Liquid is spreading on the surface if…
Forces of attraction between molecules of liquid are bigger than forces of attraction between
molecules of liquid and some surface.
*Forces of attraction between molecules of liquid are less than forces of attraction between
molecules of liquid and some surface.
Forces of attraction between molecules of liquid are equal than forces of attraction between
molecules of liquid and some surface
The angle of wetting is sharp
Nothing correct
147. If solid is moistened better by nonpolar hydrocarbons, its surface is….
A.
hydrophilic
B.
*hydrophobic
C.
duophilic
D.
oilphobic
E.
adhesion
148. The process of wetting is:
A.
Endotermic
B.
Reverse
C.
*Exotermic
D.
Isochoryc
E.
Isotermic
149. Which process plays an important role during the washing, spraying?
A.
*Wetting
B.
Adhesion
C.
Cohesion
D.
Capillary condensation
E.
Sorption
150. To chose correct answer.
A.
*Surfactants are staying on the surface of solution
B.
Surfactants doesn’t spread on the surface solution
C.
Surfactants is involved inside solution
D.
Surfactants wet surface solution
E.
Surfactants adsorb surface molecular of the liquid
151. Constants for equation Shishkovskyy of the water solution of valeric acid are: a = 14.72 * 103, in = 10.4. What form will Shishkovskyy equation in this case?
A. σ0 – σ = 10.4 ln (1 + 14.72*10-3C)
B. σ0 – σ = 10.4 ln (1 - 14.72*10-3C)
C. *σ0 – σ = 14.72*10-3 ln (1+ 10.4C)
D. σ0 – σ = 14.72*10-3 ln (C+ 10.4)
E.
σ = 14.72*10-3 ln (1- 10.4C)
152. What can surfactants do?
A.
increase the surface tension on the interface of phases
B.
*reduce surface tension on the interface of phases
C.
increase the energy of thesurface molecules
D.
do not change the surface tension on the interface of phases
E.
increase free energy of the surface on the interface of phases
153. The change in concentration of one or more components in the surface layer of sorbent is
called
A.
Absorption
B.
*Adsorption
C.
Desorption
D.
Chemosorption
E.
Capillary condensation
154. What is feature (singularity) not typical for physical adsorption?
A.
Fast reversible processes
B.
Lack of stoichiometric ratios
C.
Decreasing adsorption with increasing temperature.
D.
Heat effects are close to the values of vaporization
E.
*Formation of the new chemical compounds
155. What’s phenomenon observed when carbon dioxide absorption of calcium oxide?
A.
Absorption
B.
Adsorption
C.
D.
E.
156.
Desorption
*Chemisorption
Capillary condensation
The process of the concentration changing of one or more components in the volume of the
sorbent (when the solution absorb some gass) is called...
A.
*Absorption
B.
Adsorption
C.
Desorption
D.
Chemisorption
E.
Capillary condensation
157. What’s phenomenon observing when the all volume of the liquid phase absorb the inert gas?
A.
*Absorption
B.
Adsorption
C.
Desorption
D.
Chemisorption
E.
Capillary condensation
158. If the solute adsorbs stronger than the solvent, it means ...
A.
negative adsorption
B.
*positive adsorption
C.
chemisorption
D.
cohesion
E.
wetting
173. The quantity of surface energy is reduced when:
a. the surface area increases
b. the surface area reduces
c. the surface tension increases
d. the surface tension reduces
A.
*b, d
B.
a, b
C.
b, c
D.
a, d
E.
a, b
159. What is name of the molecules interaction between different phases?
A.
*Adhesion
B.
Contact angle
C.
Surface tension
D.
Capillary condensation
E.
Cohesion
160. Powders that consists of belladonna extract and activated charcoal have a reduced
therapeutic activity. What a superficial phenomenon affects on the reduction of their activity?
A.
*Adsorption
B.
Desorption
C.
Adhesion
D.
Cohesion
E.
Spreading
161. Surface active substances (surfactants) is widely used in pharmaceutical practice, as a
stabilizer of dispersed systems. A characteristic feature of the surfactant's structure is:
A.
*Diphilic
B.
Polarity
C.
Non-polarity
D.
Ionohennist
E.
Non-ionohennist
162.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
163.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
164.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
165.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
166.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
167.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
168.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
169.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The process by which chemical interaction occurs between adsorbate's molecules and active
centers of adsorbent is called:
*chemisorption
adsorption
solvation
desorption
sublimation
Surface activity - is one of the factors of bioavailability of drugs. How many times will
increase the surface activity by lengthening the hydrocarbon radical of the surfactant by CH2
group?
*3,2
l,5
6,4
2,8
0,5
An important characteristic of liquids is the surface tension. For what of the substance is it
the maximal?
*Water
Ethanol
Benzene
Acetone
Chloroform
One of the most modern methods of cleaning the blood from toxic substances is
hemosorbtion. What physical phenomenon bases on this method?
*Adsorption
Osmosis
Electrical
Coagulation
Adhesion
Surfactant is:
Н2О
NaCl
*C2H5OH
HNO3
K4Fe[(CN)6]
What is name of the substances which decrease the surface tension when their concentration
is growing?
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
*Surfactant
Unsurfactant
Selection
Which of this organic acid has the minimal surface activity?
С2Н5СООН.
*СН3СООН
С5Н11СООН
С7Н15СООН
С3Н7СООН
As for the water surfactant is:
Urea
*Valeric acid
Chlorine acid
Carbonic acid
E.
170.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
171.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
172.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
173.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
174.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
175.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
176.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
177.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Nothing listed
Required force for the bearing out of molecules from the depth of liquid on surface, which is
attributed to the unit of the area of surface phase separation is:
internal pressure
the scope
adsorptive pressure
surface pressure
*surface tension
What is the name of the interaction between molecules inside one phase?
Adhesion
Surface tension
*Cohesion
Wetting
Capillary condensation
Liquid is spreading on the surface if…
Forces of attraction between molecules of liquid are bigger than forces of attraction between
molecules of liquid and some surface.
*Forces of attraction between molecules of liquid are less than forces of attraction between
molecules of liquid and some surface.
Forces of attraction between molecules of liquid are equal than forces of attraction between
molecules of liquid and some surface
The angle of wetting is sharp
Nothing correct
If solid is moistened better by nonpolar hydrocarbons, its surface is….
hydrophilic
*hydrophobic
duophilic
oilphobic
adhesion
The process of wetting is:
Endotermic
Reverse
*Exotermic
Isochoryc
Isotermic
Which process plays an important role during the washing, spraying?
*Wetting
Adhesion
Cohesion
Capillary condensation
Sorption
To chose correct answer.
*Surfactants are staying on the surface of solution
Surfactants doesn’t spread on the surface solution
Surfactants is involved inside solution
Surfactants wet surface solution
Surfactants adsorb surface molecular of the liquid
What can surfactants do?
increase the surface tension on the interface of phases
*reduce surface tension on the interface of phases
increase the energy of thesurface molecules
do not change the surface tension on the interface of phases
increase free energy of the surface on the interface of phases
178.
The change in concentration of one or more components in the surface layer of sorbent is
called
A.
Absorption
B.
*Adsorption
C.
Desorption
D.
Chemosorption
E.
Capillary condensation
179. What is feature (singularity) not typical for physical adsorption?
A.
Fast reversible processes
B.
Lack of stoichiometric ratios
C.
Decreasing adsorption with increasing temperature.
D.
Heat effects are close to the values of vaporization
E.
*Formation of the new chemical compounds
180. What’s phenomenon observed when carbon dioxide absorption of calcium oxide?
A.
Absorption
B.
Adsorption
C.
Desorption
D.
*Chemisorption
E.
Capillary condensation
181. The process of the concentration changing of one or more components in the volume of the
sorbent (when the solution absorb some gass) is called...
A.
*Absorption
B.
Adsorption
C.
Desorption
D.
Chemisorption
E.
Capillary condensation
182. What’s the name of emulsion which contains the dispersed phase more than 0,1% and less
than 74%?
A.
*concentrated
B.
super concentrated
C.
diluted
D.
jelly
E.
reversable
183. What’s the name of process which characterizes the coming of drops together in close
association in emulsion?
A.
coagulation
B.
flocculation
C.
sedimentation
D.
*coalescense
E.
diffusion
184. Choose the surfactant which will the best stabilize emulsion of the type “oil-water”:
A.
ethanol;
B.
sodium sulfate;
C.
*casein
D.
potassium chloride
E.
benzene
185. Human blood contains erythrocytes which have the size 10-5m. What’s the dispersed type of
human blood?
A. homogeneous solution
B.
*micro heterogeneous system
C.
colloidal-dispersed system
D.
heterogeneous system
E.
none of the above
186.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
187.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
188.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
189.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
190.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
191.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
192.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
193.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
194.
A.
A lot of medicines are the dispersion system. Which of the type of the dispersed system has
emulsion?
*liquid – liquid
liquid – solid
solid – solid
solid – liquid
gas – liquid
For increasing stability of the suspension to add…
*gelatin
glucose
ethanol
sodium chloride
none of the above
In Pharmacy often to use drugs form such as suspension. Which of the type of the dispersed
system has suspension?
gas-liquid.
solid-solid
*solid-liquid
liquid – liquid
liquid -gas
For what dispersion system sedimentation exists?
*suspension
solution of high molecular compound
solution of nonelectrolytes
solution of electrolytes
foams
Coarse dispersed system with gas dispersion medium and solid dispersion phase is called:
suspension
*smoke
emulsion
foam
fog
Which of the type of the dispersed system has foams?
liquid/liquid
liquid/gas
solid/liquid
solid/solid
*gas/liquid
Some foams can freeze on the air (hemostatic sponge). Which of the type of the dispersed
system has foams?
*gas/solid
gas/liquid
liquid/liquid
liquid/gas
solid/liquid
What’s the name of emulsion which contains the dispersed phase more than 74%?
diluted
concentrated
*jelly
supersaturated
water/oil type
What’s the name of emulsion which contains the dispersed phase less than 0,1%
*diluted
B.
C.
D.
E.
195.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
196.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
197.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
198.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
199.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
200.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
201.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
202.
A.
B.
C.
concentrated
jelly
supersaturated
water/oil type
What the quantity in ml of toluene do you need to mix with water which contains sodium
oleate that to prepare 100 ml of the concentrated emulsion?
from 10,0 till 75,0 ml
more than 75,0 ml
till 0,1 ml
*from 0,1 till 74,0 ml
from 74,0 till 90 ml
Emulsion, unguent, past can be prepared by the grinding of solids and liquids according to
the recpectively medium. This process is:
*dispergation
condensation
sedimentation
coagulation
adgesion
Which of the following factors protects the foams from destruction?
*appearance of the surfactant
increasing temperature
appearance of electrolytes
filtration
adding the water
Foams prepare from solutions of:
high molecular substance
electrolytes
*surface active agents
nonelectrolytes
all of the above
The stable foams you can obtain by adding …. to water:
alcohols
short-chain fatty acids
oil
*saponins
dyes
Boiling solution of iron (III) chloride, according to that forming the particles of iron oxide
(III) which has small size. This is an example of formation of the:
emulsion
oilsol
*hydrosol
aerosol
powder
The dispergation of lyophobic powders in liquid is used for preparing
foam
emulsion
*suspension
sol
past
Suspension filtration through the porous membrane leads to the formation of
*past
foam
powder
D.
E.
203.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
204.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
205.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
206.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
207.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
208.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
209.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
210.
A.
B.
C.
D.
sol
crystalline substance
Past –is
the maximum concentrated emalsions
*the maximum concentrated suspensions
foams which have the tendency for the liquid films to drain and become thinner
coagulation of aerosol
emulsion of the liquid metals in water
Which type of emulsions contains the oblate drops of the dispersion phase which have the
appearance of polyhedra?
oil/water
water/oil
*jelly
concentrated
diluted
How can you identify the water/oil emulsion?
emulsion has a high electrical conductivity
emulsion would good dissolve with water
emulsion would good wet lyophilic surface
*emulsion would good wet lyophobic surface
after suitable dye is shaken with the emulsion, colour is noticed on looking at a drop of the
emulsion.
How can you identify the oil/water emulsion?
*emulsion has a high electrical conductivity
emulsion would good dissolve with the non-polar solvent
emulsion would good wet lyophobic surface
emulsion would not conduct electric current
after the non-polar dye is shaken with the emulsion, colour is noticed on looking at a drop of
the emulsion.
When you supersaturate the homogeneous solution of two liquids you can obtain:
foam
suspension
past
sol
*emulsion
For which of coarse dispersion system this formula is true solid, liquid/gas?
foams
smoke
fog
*smog
powder
The low viscosity of the dispersed medium and the low concentration of the dispersed phase
are true for:
*Aerosol
hydrosol
sol
foam
suspension
For emulsion is true the process of:
*coalescence
coagulation
photophoresis
thermophoresis
E.
211.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
212.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
213.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
214.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
215.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
216.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
217.
trickling
For suspension is true the process of:
coalescence
*sedimentation
photophoresis
thermophoresis
trickling
For what type of emulsion can you use hydrophilic emulsifier?
water/oil
*oil/water
diluted
concentrated
liquid metals in water
For what type of emulsion can you use lipophilic emulsifier?
*water/oil
oil/water
diluted
concentrated
liquid metals in water
Which of the following coarse dispersion system don’t contain the stabilization factors?
*Aerosol
suspension
emulsion
foam
none of the above
To place the powders in order according to the reducing of the size of their dispersion phase:
powder - dust – sand
*sand – dust – powder
dust – sand – powder
dust – powder – sand
sand – powder – dust
What the difference between powders and aerosols with the solid dispersed phase?
size of the dispersed particles
density of the dispersed particles
shape of the dispersed particles
preparation methods
*concentration of the dispersion phase
Medicines are often prepared as suspension. Which of the following phenomena
characterize suspension?
A.
diffusion
B.
*sedimentation
C.
osmosis
D.
brownian movement
E.
opalescence
218. To place the powders in order according to the increasing of the size of their dispersion
phase:
A.
*powder - dust – sand
B.
sand – dust – powder
C.
dust – sand – powder
D.
dust – powder – sand
E.
sand – powder – dust
219. Choose the property that characterizes a powder with high dispersed particles:
A.
the low hygroscopy
B.
C.
D.
E.
220.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
221.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
222.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
223.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
224.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
225.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
226.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
227.
A.
B.
C.
the low ability to cohesion
the high temperature fire
the high pressure blast
*the high bulk density
Choose the property that characterizes a powder with low dispersed particles:
the high hygroscopy
the high ability to cohesion
the low temperature fire
the low pressure blast
*the low bulk density
How can explain the process of the coalescence in emulsion?
increasing of the area of surface dividing
increasing of the drop’s dispersion level
increasing of the surface energy
increasing of the surface tension
*reducing of the surface energy
One of the preparation methods of emulsion is supersaturating of the homogeneous solution
of two liquids. Which of the following process belongs to this process?
chemical dispergation
*condensation
aggregation
coagulation
sedimentation
Medicine form is gas dispersed system with the high concentration of dispersed phase. The
size of particles are 10-8-10-4 m. According to this characteristics chose the medicine form:
*powders
smoke
aerosols
fog
solid foams
Emulsion, ointment, paste, etc., can be made using the grinding of solid and liquid
substances in an appropriate medium. This process is
condensation
*dispergation
adhesion
sedimentation
coagulation
Which of the following dispersion system is porous?
*gas/solid;
liquid/gas;
liquid/liquid;
solid/gas;
gas/liquid.
Which of the following optical property is the most intensive in suspensions?
*scattering of the light
absorption of light
refracted light
light transmission
none of the above
What type of emulsion is the butter?
suspension
emulsion oil/water
*emulsion water/oil
D.
E.
228.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
229.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
230.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
231.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
232.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
233.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
234.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
235.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
236.
A.
B.
sol
past
What type of the dispersion system is juice?
*suspension
emulsion oil/water
emulsion water/oil
sol
past
What type of the dispersion system are pasts?
diluted suspension
emulsion oil/water
emulsion water/oil
jelly emulsion
*concentrated suspension
What type of the dispersion system is milk?
suspension
*emulsion oil/water
emulsion water/oil
sol
past
What type of the dispersion system are clouds?
foam
hydrosol
*aerosol
suspension
powder
What type of the dispersion system is baby powder?
suspension
foam
*powder
sol
past
If emulsion better dissolve with water than benzol that means this emulsion is…
diluted
concentrated
high concentrated
*oil/water
water/oil
If emulsion better dissolve with benzol than water that means this emulsion is...
diluted
concentrated
high concentrated
oil/water
*water/oil
If emulsion good conduct electric current that means this emulsion is...
diluted
concentrated
high concentrated
*oil/water
water/oil
If emulsion doesn’t conduct electric current that means this emulsion is...
diluted
concentrated
C.
D.
E.
237.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
238.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
239.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
240.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
241.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
242.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
243.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
244.
A.
B.
C.
D.
high concentrated
oil/water
*water/oil
If emulsion does not wet the surface of paraffin, this emulsion is...
diluted
concentrated
high concentrated
*oil/water
water/oil
If emulsion good wet the surface of paraffin, this emulsion is...
diluted
concentrated
high concentrated
oil/water
*water/oil
Chose the group of substances that cann’t stabilize emulsion of ССl4 in water:
saponins
*inorganic acids
soaps
proteins
synthetic detergents
With which reference can the term “emulsion stability” be used?
*sedimentation, coagulation, droplet coalescence
diffusion, sedimentation, coagulation
chemical dispergation, coagulation, droplet coalescence
sedimentation, coagulation, condensation
droplet coalescence, aggregation, coagulation
How can you prepare reasonably stable emulsion?
*adding emulsifier
excess dispersed phase
excess dispersed medium
gas appearance
none of the above
What is the function of an emulsifying agent?
to reduce emulsion stability and to facilitate emulsification
*to promote emulsion stability and to facilitate emulsification
to reduce emulsion stability
to promote emulsion stability and to do difficult emulsification
to reduce emulsion stability and to do difficult emulsification
What’s the mechanism of an emulsifying agents?
favor droplet coalescence
favour coagulation
*form an adsorbed film around the dispersed droplets
break the film around the dispersed droplets
none of the above
Choose the factors that favour emulsion stability
*low interfacial tension, relatively small volume of dispersed phase, narrow droplet size
distribution
high interfacial tension, relatively small volume of dispersed phase, narrow droplet size
distribution
low interfacial tension, large volume of dispersed phase, narrow droplet size distribution
low interfacial tension, relatively small volume of dispersed phase, different droplet size
distribution
E.
245.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
246.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
247.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
248.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
249.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
250.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
251.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
252.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
high interfacial tension, relatively small volume of dispersed phase, different droplet size
distribution
From what factors does a homogenize of emulsion depend on?
non of the following
nature of the dispersed medium
phase volume
nature of the emulsifying agent
*phase volume, nature of the emulsifying agent
How can emulsifier agents classify according to their nature?
concentrated, diluted, jelly
*hydrophilic, lipophilic, amphiphilic
suspension, emulsion, past
dissolved, nondissolved
electrolytes, nonelectrolytes
What is demulsification?
*the process of decomposition an emulsion back into its constituent liquids
the process of an emulsion formation
the process of coagulation
the process of peptisation
the process of converting an emulsion into a suspension
What are gels?
a colloidal system in which a liquid is dispersed in a liquid
a colloidal system in which a gas is dispersed in a solid
*a colloidal system in which a liquid is dispersed in a solid
a colloidal system in which a solid is dispersed in a liquid
none of the above
What’s the name of gel formation process?
*gelation
precipitation
sedimentation
coagulation
flocculation
How can gals classify?
plasticity, non-plasticity
with high viscosity, with less viscosity
*elastic, non-elastic
electrolyte, non-electrolyte
strong, weak
When do foams belong to the first type (diluted foams)?
*foams consist of nearly spherical bubbles separated by rather thick films
foams consist of nearly spherical bubbles separated by rather thin films
foams consist of the asymmetric bubbles separated by rather thin films
foams consist of nearly spherical droplets separated by rather thick films
foams consist of spherical droplets separated by rather thin films
When are foams concentrated?
mostly liquid phase, and foams consist of polyhedral liquid cells separated by thin liquid
films
*mostly gas phase, and foams consist of polyhedral gas cells separated by thin liquid films
mostly gas phase, and foams consist of polyhedral gas cells separated by thick liquid films
mostly solid phase, and foams consist of polyhedral solid cells separated by thin liquid films
non of the above
Tests with figures
1. What principle is on a base of the measurement method of the surface tension by the device that
is depicted on the figure 42?
A.
On the measuring of the drop’s weigh, that flow out from a capillary;
B.
On the measuring of the rate of the flowing liquid from a cappilary;
C.
On the measuring of the pressure in gas bubbles which is blown throw a capillary;
D.
On the measuring of a liquid rising in a capillary;
E.
*On the calculation of drop’s quantity which are flowed out from a capillary.
2. For the determining of the surface tension of aqueous surfactant’s solution by the capillary rise
method (Figure 43), it is necessary to have the following data:
A.
*Rising of the liquid in a capillary;
B.
The surface tension of water;
C.
Density of water;
D.
The drop’s weigh of the investigation solution;
E.
The concentration of the investigation solution.
3. For the determination of the surface tension by Stalagmometer method (figure 42) there is no
necessary to have the data of:
A.
Number of drops of the test solution, which flow out from a stalagmometry;
B.
Number of drops of water, which flow out from a stalagmometry;
C.
Density of the solution;
D.
Density of water;
E.
*Concentration of a solution.
4. Which solution will flow out the most quickly from a stalagmometry (figure 42)?
A.
*Alcohol solution;
B.
Mercury;
C.
Chloric acid solution;
D.
Potassium hydroxide solution;
E.
Water.
5. At the moment of the drop’s separation from a stalahmometr capillary (Figure 44) drop weight
...
A.
Equals to the surface tension;
B.
Equals to an adsorption;
C.
*Equals to the force of the surface tension;
D.
Equals to the force of gravity
E.
Inversely proportional to its volume.
6. The figure 44 shows that by the reducing of the phase’s surface area, the drop of the liquid at
zero gravity
A.
Takes the form of lenses;
B.
Takes the form of a film;
C.
*Takes the form of a sphere;
D.
Has an undefined shape;
E.
Permanently deformed.
7. At which case the drop’s state is the most unstable (figure 44)?
A.
At the lagest size of a drop;
B.
At the least potential value of a liquid;
C.
*At the least size of a drop;
D.
E.
At the least value of an equilibrium pressure of a saturated steam;
At the biggest value of a liquid density.
8. Increasing the temperature leads to the weakening of the intermolecular interaction. The figure
45 shows that near the critical temperature:
A.
*The surface tension is zero;
B.
The surface tension is maximum;
C.
The surface tension equals to one;
D.
The surface tension gradually increases;
E.
The surface tension decreases smoothly.
9. The figure 45 shows that increasing the surface tension contributes to:
A.
Increasing the vapor pressure;
B.
Increasing the surfactant’s hydrocarbon chain;
C.
The presence of surfactant molecules;
D.
*Reducing temperature;
E.
All of these factors.
10. When a thin glass capillary is lowered into the water (Fig. 43) it is observed;
A.
Convex meniscus;
B.
*The lower vapor pressure above the meniscus than the normal pressure of a steam
above a flat surface of the liquid;
C.
The higher vapor pressure above the meniscus than the normal pressure of a steam
above a flat surface of the liquid;
D.
Negative thermal effect;
E.
Cohesion.
11. What is the meniscus in a capillary during the wetting at the equilibrium state (Figure 43)?
A.
*Concave;
B.
Flat;
C.
Convex;
D.
D. Rolling;
E.
Any of the above
12. Choose the correct statement about the figure 44:
A.
Only small droplets have a flattened shape under a gravity;
B.
*Under the influence of a gravity drops flatten more stronger the more their volume;
C.
Only large drops have a spherical volume, since the force of an internal pressure
prevails over the force of a gravity;
D.
Under a gravity drops flatten the stronger, the least their volume;
E.
No one
13. Figure 46 shows:
A.
*Dialysis;
B.
Desiccator;
C.
Stalagmometry;
D.
Pleated filter;
E.
Sedimentator.
14. The device is shown on the figure 47, it is used for the observation of:
A.
Opalescence;
B.
Osmosis;
C.
*Sedimentation;
D.
Diffusion;
E.
Brownian motion.
15. What is the value determined from the tangent of a tangent to the sedimentation curve (Figure
48)?
A.
Kinetic stability;
B.
Diffusion rate;
C.
Osmotic pressure;
D.
Sedimentation rate;
E.
Sedimentation coefficient.
16. Emulsions, ointments, pastes, etc. can be made by the grinded of solids and liquids in an
appropriate environment (Figure 49). This process is
A.
*Dispergation;
B.
Condensation;
C.
Adhesion;
D.
Coagulation;
E.
Sedimentation.
17. What is the quantitative characteristic of the Brownian motion of the dispersed particles (Figure
50)?
A.
*Average displacement;
B.
Sedimentation rate;
C.
Diffusion coefficient;
D.
Osmotic pressure;
E.
The length of trajectory tracking
18. Which factor causes the increasing of the Brownian motion (Figure 50)?
A.
*An increasing in temperature;
B.
An increasing in particle mass;
C.
An increasing the size of the particles;
D.
An increasing the viscosity of the medium;
E.
All.
19. In which the field is there a simple sedimentation (Figure 51)?
A.
*Gravity;
B.
Gravitational, centrifugal;
C.
Centrifugal, magnetic;
D.
Centrifugal, electric;
E.
Electric, magnetic.
20. Appearance of an any sedimentation of the dispersed phase under the influence of a gravity, it is
represented on the figure 51, called:
A.
*Sedimentation;
B.
Fluctuation;
C.
Diffusion;
D.
Osmosis;
E.
Brownian motion.
21. The sedimentation rate (Figure 51) is
A.
Directly proportional to the viscosity of the medium;
B.
Inversely proportional to the force of a gravity;
C.
*Directly proportional to the particle radius;
D.
Inversely proportional to the radius of particles;
E.
Inversely proportional to the density of the solution.
22. From the Stokes equation, the rate of the sedimentation of dispersed particles (Fig. 51) is:
A.
Inversely proportional to the density of the medium;
B.
*Inversely proportional to the viscosity;
C.
Inversely proportional to the force of a gravity;
D.
Equal to the rate of a diffusion
E.
Does not depend on the particle size.
23. In which coordinates are there plotted the sedimentation curves of dispersed systems (Figure
48)?
A.
The average displacement from time;
B.
Osmotic pressure from time;
C.
*The mass of the settled particles from time;
D.
The content of fractions from the size particles;
E.
Diffusion rate from time.
24. Figure 52 shows that the opalescence is caused by the scattering of light by colloidal particles
due to:
A.
*Diffraction;
B.
Reflection;
C.
Absorption of light;
D.
Reflection of light;
E.
Refraction.
25. The process of diffraction light scattering (Figure 52) on the particles, which size is much
smaller than the wavelength is described by the equation of:
A.
Tyndall;
B.
Einstein-Smoluchowski;
C.
*Rayleigh;
D.
Bouguer-Lambert-Beer;
E.
Fick.
26. Light scattering (Figure 52) is possible if:
A.
*The size of the colloidal particles are smaller than the wavelength of light passing;
B.
Refractive indices of the disperse phase and dispersion medium are the same;
C.
The size of colloidal particles larger than the wavelength of light passing;
D.
The size of colloidal particles does not affect on the scattering of light;
E.
Refractive indices of the disperse phase and dispersion medium do not affect on the
scattering.
27. What does conclusion follow from scattering Rayleigh law? The intensity of light scattering by
colloidal solutions (Figure 52) is greater...
A.
The more length wave of the incident light beam;
B.
The smaller concentration of the dispersed phase;
C.
*The more particles size;
D.
The smaller the intensity of incident beam ;
E.
The smaller the difference between the refractive indices of the disperse phase and
dispersion medium.
28. What does conclusion follow from scattering Rayleigh law? The intensity of light scattering by
colloidal solutions (Figure 52) is greater...
A.
*The smaller the wave length of the incident light beam;
B.
The smaller concentration of the dispersed phase;
C.
The smaller size of dispersed particles;
D.
E.
The smaller the incident light intensity;
The smaller the difference between the refractive indices of the disperse phase and
dispersion medium.
29. What an optical phenomenon can be observed when looking at the dispersion systems on a dark
background with a side illumination (Figure 53)?
A.
*Opalescence;
B.
Refraction;
C.
Dichromizm;
D.
All;
E.
No.
30. How can a light-blue opal glowing of a tooth enamel be explained at a side illumination (Figure
53)?
A.
*Opalescence;
B.
Refraction;
C.
Dichromizm;
D.
Syneresis;
E.
Nothing.
31. Can the colloidal solution of iron have different colors (Figure 54)?
A.
No;
B.
Yes, if it be made by the different ratios of reagents;
C.
Yes, if it is stabilized by various substances;
D.
Yes, if it depends on the dispersion of colloidal particles;
E.
*Correct all answers exept “no”.
32. What factor influences on the difference colors of sol of the same substance (Figure 54)?
A.
*Particle size, method of preparation of the sol;
B.
Solution viscosity, particle concentration;
C.
Solution viscosity, particle size;
D.
Temperature and density of the solution;
E.
Everything.
33. What a correct micelle’s formula, according to the figure 55?
A.
(AgI) nK+(n-x) I-;
B.
(mAg+) nAgI;
C.
*[(mAgI) n I-(n-x) K+ ]x- х K+;
D.
[m(AgNO3) NO3-] mAg+;
E.
[(mAgI) n I- (n-x) K+]x х I-.
34. To improve the quality of drugs they are impregnated with a substance solution that causing the
direct movement of the disperse medium in a constant electric field (Figure 56). This process is
called
A.
Sedimentation potential;
B.
*Electroosmosis;
C.
Electrophoresis;
D.
Potential flow;
E.
Coagulation.
35. The counterions of micelle (Fig. 55) are:
A.
Only on the surface of colloidal particles;
B.
Only in the diffuse layer;
C.
*The adsorption and diffuse layers;
D.
E.
At the core of the dispersed phase;
On the surface of the solution.
36. The potential determining ions of micelles (Fig. 55) are:
A.
In diffuse layer of the micelle;
B.
*In the adsorption layer of the micelle;
C.
At the interface;
D.
In the depth of the solution;
E.
On the surface of the solution.
37. The porous membrane is an integral part of the device that is depicted on the figure 56.
A.
*The device for electro-osmosis;
B.
Sedimentometer;
C.
Ultramicroscope;
D.
Device for elektrodekantatsii;
E.
Instrument for electrophoresis.
38. Coagulants or anticoagulants, affect the processes of blood clotting. Sol Argentum iodide was
received in the potassium iodide excess (Figure 55). Which of the below electrolyte has the
greatest coagulating ability to this sol?
A.
Iron (II) chloride;
B.
*Aluminum nitrite;
C.
Potassium geksatsianoferat (III);
D.
Potassium sulfate;
E.
Zinc nitrate.
39. In what solvent does the surfactant’s micelle have the following structure (Figure 57): the polar
groups orientate toward the solvent, and the radicals - to a micelle?
A.
Toluene;
B.
Benzene;
C.
Carbon tetrachloride;
D.
*Water;
E.
Carbon disulfide.
40. If the charge of colloidal particles is positive (Figure 55), that’s why during the electrophoresis,
they:
A.
*Move to the cathode;
B.
Move to the anode;
C.
Remain at the start;
D.
Settle down without moving to any of the electrodes;
E.
Coagulate.
41. The central part of a micelle (Figure 55) is called:
A.
Diffusion layer;
B.
Adsorption;
C.
Potentsialviznachalny layer;
D.
Granule;
E.
*Nucleus.
42. The micelles of colloidal surfactants are used as biological membranes models (Figure 58) due
to the fact that some properties of the structures of membranes and micelles are same. The
critical concentration of micelle formation of the ionic surfactant does not depend on:
A.
Nature of the polar group;
B.
*The ability to adsorb;
C.
D.
E.
Presence in the electrolyte solution;
Length of the hydrocarbon radical;
Temperature.
43. On the figure 59 there is:
A.
*Ostwald viscometer;
B.
Stalagmometr;
C.
Stoke’s viscometer;
D.
Dialyzer;
E.
Apparatus for electrophoresis.
44. For measuring of the glycerin relative viscosity according to water with a viscometer (Figure
59), it is necessary that:
A.
The volume of water is less than the volume of glycerin in the tank of viscometer;
B.
The volume of water is more than the volume of glycerin in the tank of viscometer;
C.
*The temperature of two liquids is the same;
D.
Viscosity of liquids are measured by viscometer with different capillary length;
E.
Viscosity of liquids are measured by viscometer with different capillary diameter.
45. What parameter does not affect to the volume of liquid which flows out from a viscometer
capillary (Figure 59) for a certain time?
A.
Capillary radius, capillary length;
B.
Viscosity, time;
C.
Time, the fluidity of the liquid;
D.
The pressure at which fluid flows, time;
E.
*The capillary material.
46. What the type of dispersed systems is baby powder (figure 60)?
A.
Suspension;
B.
Foam;
C.
*Powder;
D.
Sol;
E.
Paste.
47. Figure 61 shows that the charge of the protein molecule is formed by:
A.
*Dissociation of the ionogenic groups;
B.
Adsorption of the low molecular substances;
C.
Denaturation;
D.
Dissociation of the non-ionic groups;
E.
Molecular association.
48. Coacervation is shown on the figure 62, it is the process of:
A.
*The arbitrary separation of the concentrated solution of the high molecular
compounds into two phases without mixing;
B.
Losting of the thermodynamic stability;
C.
Aging of the high molecular compounds solution;
D.
To reach the homogeneity of the high molecular compounds solution;
E.
Same as a salting out.
49. Method, which involves the removal of the low molecular weight impurities from the
macromolecules colloidal systems and solutions by diffusion through a semipermeable
membrane (Figure 46) is called
A.
Electrodialysis;
B.
Decantation;
C.
D.
E.
Compensation dialysis;
*Dialysis;
Ultrafiltration
50. The figure 61 shows that at the isoelectric state the protein charges:
A.
Negative;
B.
Positive;
C.
*Neutral;
D.
1 mV;
E.
1 mV.
51. What can be determined by the using of the viscometry (Figure 59)?
A.
The turbidity of the macromolecules solution;
B.
*The average molecular weight of polymer;
C.
Degree of polymerization;
D.
Degree of polymer swelling in this solvent;
E.
The presence of functional groups and conjugated double bonds in macromolecules.
52. The phenomenon at which the amount of the solvent and initial xerogel greater than the volume
of the swollen gel (Figure 63) is:
A.
Syneresis;
B.
Thixotropy;
C.
*Contraction;
D.
Syneresis;
E.
Swelling.
53. What is the name of a unilateral process of the solvent molecules penetration in the polymer
phase, that leads to the eventual dissolution of the polymer (Figure 63)?
A.
Limited swelling;
B.
*Unlimited swelling;
C.
Coacervation;
D.
Salting;
E.
Thixotropy.
54. What forms as a result of the unlimited swelling of the elastic xerogel (Figure 63)?
A.
Sol;
B.
*Macromolecules solution;
C.
Gel;
D.
Molecular ion solution;
E.
Fragile xerogel.
55. The limiting stage of a polymer’s swelling (Figure 63) is:
A.
*Diffusion;
B.
Hydration of macromolecules;
C.
Dehydration of macromolecules;
D.
Ionization of macromolecules;
E.
Contraction.
56. An example of which polymers are polysilanes (Figure 64)?
A.
Inorganic;
B.
Carbonchain;
C.
*Hetero;
D.
Organoelement;
E.
Natural.
57. In the laboratory there was obtained a drug colloidal solution. For what purpose was the highmolecular compound added to (Figure 65)?
A.
To decrease its stability;
B.
*To increase its stability;
C.
For coagulation of a colloidal solution;
D.
For the coalescence of a colloidal solution;
E.
For the sedimentation of a colloidal solution.
58. The value of I0 in the Rayleigh equation (Figure 66) means:
A.
Wavelength of light beam
B.
Frequency of the light wave;
C.
*The intensity of incident light beam;
D.
Refractive index;
E.
The intensity of the reflected light beam.
59. The magnitude of I in the Rayleigh equation (Figure 66) means:
A.
Wavelength of light beam;
B.
Frequency of the light wave;
C.
*The intensity of the scattered light beam;
D.
Refractive index;
E.
Diffraction.
60. In the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation (Figure 67) the value of E means:
A.
Stress;
B.
Viscosity of the medium;
C.
Zeta potential;
D.
Dielectric constant of the medium;
E.
*The electric field strength.
61. In the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation (Figure 67) the value of η means:
A.
Stress;
B.
*Viscosity of the medium;
C.
Zeta potential;
D.
Dielectric constant of the medium;
E.
The electric field strength.
62. In the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation (Figure 67) the value of u0 means:
A.
Stress;
B.
*The linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
C.
Sedimentation rate;
D.
Dielectric constant of the medium;
E.
The electric field strength.
63. In the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation (Figure 67) the value of ζ means:
A.
Stress;
B.
The linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
C.
*Zeta potential;
D.
Dielectric constant of the medium;
E.
The electric field strength.
64. In the Stoke’s equations (Figure 68) the value of υ means:
A.
*Sedimentation rate;
B.
Particle’s concentration;
C.
Linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
D.
E.
Acceleration of gravity;
Average displacement of the dispersed particles.
65. What molecular-kinetic properties of the dispersed system can be determined by the equations
shown on the figure 69?
A.
Sedimentation rate;
B.
Linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
C.
*Average displacement of the dispersed particles;
D.
Electrophoretic mobility of the dispersed particles;
E.
The diffusion rate.
66. In Fick's equation (Figure 70) the value of D means:
A.
*Diffusion coefficient;
B.
Concentration gradient;
C.
Sedimentation rate;
D.
Linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
E.
Particle size.
67. In the equation for the determination of electrokinetic potential by electroosmosis (Fig. 71) the
value of D means:
A.
Diffusion coefficient;
B.
Particle size;
C.
*Dielectric constant;
D.
Electrical conductivity of the medium;
E.
Viscosity of the medium.
68. In the equation for the determining the electrokinetic potential by electroosmosis (Fig. 71) the
value of χ means:
A.
Molar conductivity of the medium;
B.
Particle size;
C.
Dielectric constant;
D.
*Specific conductivity of the medium;
E.
Viscosity of the medium.
69. In the equation for the determining the electrokinetic potential by electroosmosis (Fig. 71) the
value of I means:
A.
Stress;
B.
*Current strengh;
C.
Dielectric constant;
D.
Electrical conductivity of the medium;
E.
The electric field strength.
70. In the equation for the determination of electrokinetic potential by electroosmosis (Fig. 71) the
value of ε means:
A.
*Permittivity of the medium;
B.
Current strength;
C.
Dielectric constant;
D.
Electrical conductivity of the medium;
E.
The electric field strength.
71. In the equation for the determining of electrokinetic potential by electroosmosis (Fig. 71) the
value of V means:
A.
*The volume of the transfered dispersion medium;
B.
The volume of the dispersed system;
C.
D.
E.
Dilution;
The volume of the dispersed particles;
Particle’s concentration.
72. What can be calculated by the Fick's equation (Figure 70)?
A.
Diffusion coefficient;
B.
Concentration gradient;
C.
Sedimentation rate;
D.
Linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
E.
The rate of diffusion.
73. In Fick's equation (Figure 70) the value of dC/dx means:
A.
Diffusion coefficient;
B.
*Concentration gradient;
C.
Sedimentation rate;
D.
Linear velocity of the dispersed particles;
E.
The rate of diffusion.
74. What characteristic of the dispersed system can be determined by the Rayleigh equation (Figure
66)?
A.
Wavelength of light;
B.
Frequency of the light wave;
C.
*The intensity of the scattered light;
D.
Refractive index of the dispersed medium;
E.
The turbidity of the dispersed system.
75. The value of λ in the Rayleigh equation (Figure 66) means:
A.
*The wave length of the light beam;
B.
Frequency of the light wave;
C.
The intensity of an incident light beam;
D.
Refractive index;
E.
The intensity of the reflected light beam.
76. The value of V in the Rayleigh equation (Figure 66) means:
A.
Refractive index;
B.
The volume of the dispersed system;
C.
Dilution;
D.
*The volume of the dispersed particles;
E.
Particles concentration.
77. Which is a graphical dependency shown on the figure 72?
A.
*Properties of the system characteristic functions near the absolute zero temperature;
B.
This is a graphic expression of the first thermodynamics law;
C.
This is a graphic expression of the second thermodynamics law;
D.
The energy barrier of the chemical reaction;
E.
There is no right answer.
78. The integral changing of the molar heat capacity from the logarithm change of temperature
(Figure 73) allows to you calculate ...
A.
*The absolute entropy;
B.
Thermal effect of the phase transformation;
C.
Thermal effect of the substance’s formation;
D.
Internal energy;
E.
Enthalpy.
79. Diagram of the surface potential energy is shown on the figure 74, it is plotted between the
following coordinates:
A.
*Interatomic distances;
B.
Logarithms of the rate constant from temperature
C.
Logarithm of the rate constant from the inverse temperature;
D.
Rate constant from temperature;
E.
Rate from temperature.
80. Electrolytic method of spraying (Figure 75) can be obtained from
A.
Foam;
B.
Aerosols;
C.
Gels;
D.
Emulsion;
E.
*Water sol of metals.
81. Which is the purification processes of the disperse systems carried out under high pressure or
vacuum (Figure 76)?
A.
Electrodialysis;
B.
Decantation;
C.
*Ultrafiltration;
D.
Vividialysis;
E.
None.
82. Can the colloidal solution of gold have a different colors (Figure 77)?
A.
No;
B.
Yes, if it is made with different ratios of reagents;
C.
Yes, if it is stabilized with various substances;
D.
Yes, it depends on the dispersion of colloidal particles;
E.
*Correct answers except “No”.
83. What does factor influence on the different colours of the same sol (Figure 77)?
A.
*Particle size, preparation method of the sol;
B.
Solution viscosity, particle concentration;
C.
Solution viscosity, particle size;
D.
Temperature and density of the solution;
E.
Everything.
84. Can the colloidal solution of iron have a different colors (Figure 54)?
A.
No;
B.
Yes, if it is made with different ratios of reagents;
C.
Yes, if it is stabilized with various substances;
D.
Yes, it depends on the dispersion of colloidal particles;
E.
*Correct answers except “No”.
85. What is the optical instrument (Figure 78) for the investigation of the disperse systems that there
is often used as a turbidity standard a milk plate?
A.
Ultramicroscope;
B.
Electron microscope;
C.
*Nephelometer;
D.
Spectrophotometer;
E.
Photoelectrocolorimeter.
86. What a parameter of the dispersed system can not be determined by the nephelometer (Figure
79)?
A.
Concentration of the dispersed phase
B.
The intensity of light scattering;
C.
The size of the dispersed phase;
D.
*Sedimentation rate;
E.
None.
87. Electrophoresis, which is done in an agar gel (Figure 80), named:
A.
Chromatography;
B.
Quantitative;
C.
Microscopic;
D.
Frontal;
E.
*Immunoelectrophoresis.
88. On the bases of the soil drying (Fig. 81) and the moisture removal from the drugs there is a
phenomenon of:
A.
*Electroosmosis;
B.
Electrophoresis;
C.
Sedimentation;
D.
Coagulation;
E.
Dialysis.
89. What can be observed when the dispersion system is structured (Fig. 82)?
A.
Reducing of the viscosity;
B.
*Lost of the strength;
C.
Increasing of the diffusion rate;
D.
Increasing of the opalescence;
E.
None of the above phenomenons.
90. The figure 83 shows:
A.
Ostwald viscometer;
B.
Stalagmometry;
C.
*Stoke’s viscometer;
D.
Dialysator;
E.
Apparatus for electrophoresis.
91. The Pastes (Figure 84) are:
A.
Extremely concentrated emulsion;
B.
*Extremely concentrated suspensions;
C.
Settled foam;
D.
Coagulated aerosols;
E.
Liquid metals emulsion in water.
92. Layer’s ornament of kidney stones (Figure 85) due to
A.
Thixotropy;
B.
Syneresis;
C.
*Periodic precipitation;
D.
Nothing of the above;
E.
Salting out
93. For what a protein structure are the most common hydrogen bonds (Fig. 86)?
A.
Quaternary;
B.
Primary;
C.
D.
E.
*Secondary;
Tertiary;
Penternary.
94. What type of gels is a jelly (Figure 87)?
A.
Xerogel;
B.
*Liogel;
C.
Dry gel;
D.
Nature;
E.
E. None.
95. Elastic gels or galantines(Fig. 87) are formed from:
A.
Sols;
B.
*Macromolecules solution;
C.
Solutions of low molecular weight electrolytes;
D.
Foams;
E.
Inorganic compounds.
96. The jelly process of macromolecules solution (Figure 82) is caused by:
A.
Increasing of the aggregate stability;
B.
Sedimentation of the solid phase;
C.
Coacervation;
D.
*Present of bonds between the macromolecules;
E.
Appearance of opalescence.
97. Jelly (Fig. 87) is the system that is:
A.
*Reversible to the desiccation;
B.
Free-disperesed;
C.
Irreversible dryness;
D.
Kinetically unstable;
E.
Fluidity.
98. The formation of sparingly soluble salts in the gels (Figure 88) is going with:
A.
Sedimentation in the hole volume of the gel;
B.
*The formation of precipitation zones and pure gel, that occasionally alternate;
C.
The formation of precipitate on the bottom of the vessel;
D.
Their simultaneous dissolution;
E.
Absorption of heat.
99. The proteins play an important role in the life processes. The isoelectric point of protein equals
4.7 (Figure 89). At which pH does the protein macro-ion move to the cathode?
A.
7,0;
B.
11.5;
C.
5,0;
D.
4,7;
E.
*3,5.
100.
What the type of the macromolecules is RNA (Figure 90)?
A.
*Natural;
B.
Artificial;
C.
Net;
D.
Branched;
E.
Globular.
101.
What the type of the macromolecules is DNA (Figure 91)?
A.
*Natural;
B.
Artificial;
C.
Net;
D.
Branched;
E.
Globular.
102.
What the type of gels is the gel that contains 1-2% of a dry matters (Figure 87)?
A.
Koageli;
B.
*Jelly;
C.
Inelastic;
D.
Nature;
E.
Dry.
103.
What the type of macromolecule does the figure 92 show?
A.
*Globular;
B.
Fibrillar;
C.
Lamellar;
D.
Needle;
E.
None.
104.
What the type of macromolecule does the figure 93 show?
A.
Globular;
B.
*Fibrillar;
C.
Lamellar;
D.
Needle;
E.
None.
105.
What the type of macromolecule does the figure 94 show?
A.
*Branching;
B.
Linear;
C.
Net;
D.
Globular;
E.
None.
106.
Macromolecules are inorganic polymers, as are shown on the figure 95:
A.
Must contain atoms of C and H;
B.
In addition to carbon and hydrogen containing atoms others atoms: S, O, N, P, etc.;
C.
In addition to carbon and hydrogen containing atoms others atoms:Si, Pb, etc.;
D.
*Does not contain C atoms;
E.
Contain only metal atoms.
107.
An example of which polymer is a polyethylene (Figure 96)?
A.
Inorganic;
B.
*Carbonchain;
C.
Hetero;
D.
Organoelement;
E.
Natural.
108. On the figure 27 is a diagram of a Silver chloride electrode. What ions are in solution
(position 2)?
A.
*Chloride;
B.
Sulfate;
C.
Nitrate;
D.
E.
109.
Sulfide;
Silver.
Which is component of the galvanic cell indicated on the figure 41 (position 3)?
A.
Anode;
B.
Electrode;
C.
*Salt bridge;
D.
Current source;
E.
Cathode.
110. On the figure 46 is a diagram of a dialyzer. Set the relationship between the positions and
statements:
A.
*In the vessel (position 1) is a colloidal solution;
B.
In the vessel (position 3) is a colloidal solution;
C.
In the vessel (position 1) is water;
D.
Water enters through the membrane (position 2) into the colloidal solution;
E.
Through the membrane (position 2) the micelle of the colloidal solution comes into
water.
111. On the figure 46 is a diagram of the dialyzer. Set the relationship between the positions and
statements:
A.
Water is in the vessel (position 1);
B.
In the vessel (position 3) is a colloidal solution;
C.
*In the vessel (position 3) is water;
D.
Water enters through the membrane (position 2) into the colloidal solution;
E.
Through the membrane (position 2) the micelle of the colloidal solution comes into
water.
112. On the figure 46 is a diagram of the dialyzer. Set the relationship between the positions and
statements:
A.
In the vessel (position 1) is water;
B.
In the vessel (position 3) is a colloidal solution;
C.
*The low-molecular substances from the colloidal solution comes through the
membrane (position 2) into water;
D.
Water enters through the membrane (position 2) into the colloidal solution;
E.
The micelle from the colloidal solution enters through the membrane (position 2)
into water.
113. At which position on the figure 63 is the stage of the polymer dissolution, when there was
unlimited swelling?
A.
a;
B.
б
C.
в
D.
г
E.
*д
114.
At which position on the figure 63 is the stage of the polymer, when the contraction starts?
A.
а;
B.
*б;
C.
в;
D.
г;
E.
д.
115. At which position on the figure 63 is the stage of the polymer, when the macromolecule are
mixed with the solvent molecules?
A.
а;
B.
б;
C.
в;
D.
*г;
E.
д.
116. At which position on the figure 63 is the stage of the polymer, when a limited swelling
ended?
A.
а;
B.
б;
C.
*в;
D.
г;
E.
д.
117. At which position on the figure 63 is the stage of the polymer, when the swelling degree is
maximum?
A.
а;
B.
б;
C.
*в;
D.
г;
E.
д.
118.
The process of swelling is shown on the figure 63, it is:
A.
The penetration of solute molecules between the solvent molecules;
B.
The process of aligning the solute concentration in the solution;
C.
Process is due to the thermal motion of particles of solute and solvent;
D.
Process is due to decreasing on the macromolecules mass;
E.
*Any process of the penetration of solvent molecules between the molecules of the
macromolecules, observing a significant increase in volume and mass of the
macromolecules.
119. What is the method’s name that involves the removal of the low molecular weight impurities
from colloidal systems and solutions of macromolecules by the diffusion through a
semipermeable membrane (Figure 46)?
A.
Electrodialysis;
B.
Decantation;
C.
Compensation dialysis;
D.
*Dialysis;
E.
Ultrafiltration.
120.
The swelling process of the high molecular compounds (Figure 63) is characterized by:
A.
*Reducing of the Gibbs energy;
B.
Increase in Gibbs energy;
C.
Gibbs energy does not changed;
D.
Decrease in entropy;
E.
Absorption of heat.
121.
The swelling process of the high molecular compounds (Figure 63) is characterized by:
A.
*Heat releasing an the first stages;
B.
Increase in Gibbs energy;
C.
Decrease in entropy;
D.
The same thermodynamic parameters;
E.
Nothing of the above.
122. In pharmacy using the micellar solutions of surfactants (Fig. 57) to change the rate of drug’s
absorption, reducing the concentration of free drugs. Which of the following methods can
determine the critical micelle formation concentration?
A.
Cryometry;
B.
*Conductometry;
C.
Electrophoresis;
D.
Viscometry;
E.
Sedimentation.
123. Which factor contributes an increase in the thickness of diffusion layer of the micelle
(Figure 55)?
A.
*An increase in temperature;
B.
A decrease in temperature;
C.
Increasing ionic strength;
D.
High valency of compensation ions;
E.
Low ability of micelles to hydration.
124. Collargol is a colloidal silver solution, which includes a high molecular compound (Figure
65). What function does a high molecular compound have?
A.
Causes coagulation;
B.
Reduces aggregate stability;
C.
Increases the degree of dispersion;
D.
Contributes to sedimentation;
E.
*Increases aggregate stability.
125.
Which is a liquid that its drops the most quickly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42)?
A.
*Solution of a valerian acid;
B.
Mercury;
C.
Hydrochloric acid;
D.
Potassium chloride;
E.
Water.
126.
Which is a liquid that its drops the most quickly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42)?
A.
*Isoamyl alcohol;
B.
Potassium chloride;
C.
Hydrochloric acid;
D.
Sodium hydroxide;
E.
Water.
127.
Which is a liquid that its drops the most quickly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42)?
A.
С2Н5СООН;
B.
*С7Н15СООН;
C.
СН3СООН;
D.
С3Н7СООН;
E.
С5Н11СООН.
128.
Which is a liquid that its drops the most slowly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42)?
A.
С2Н5СООН;
B.
С7Н15СООН;
C.
*СН3СООН;
D.
С3Н7СООН;
E.
С5Н11СООН.
129.
Which is a liquid that its drops the most slowly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42)?
A.
*Solution of NaNO3;
B.
Water;
C.
Solution of palmitic acid;
D.
Solution of butanoic acid;
E.
Ethanol.
130.
Which is device shown on the figure 42?
A.
Hydrometer;
B.
Viscometer;
C.
Dynamometer;
D.
*Stalagmometry;
E.
Refractometer.
131. To determine the surface tension of an aqueous surfactant by a stalagmometry method
(Figure 42) there is no necessary to have the data on:
A.
Number of drops of the test solution, which flows out from a stalagmometr;
B.
Number of drops of water that flows out from a stalagmometry;
C.
Density of the solution;
D.
Density of water;
E.
*The nature of the solute.
132.
With stalagmometry (Figure 42) can be measured:
A.
Viscosity of solution;
B.
pH;
C.
*The surface tension of a solution;
D.
The adsorption of gases by a liquid;
E.
The density of the liquid.
133.
Select the liquid that its drops the most slowly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42):
A.
Ethyl alcohol;
B.
Benzene;
C.
*Water;
D.
Carbon disulfide;
E.
Carbon tetrachloride.
134.
Select the liquid that its drops the most quickly flow out from a stalagmometry (Figure 42):
A.
solution of sodium sulfate;
B.
*Alcohol solution;
C.
Hydrochloric acid;
D.
Ammonia;
E.
Water.
135.
What is the property of the fluid that are measured by the device on the figure 59?
A.
Osmotic pressure;
B.
Density;
C.
Turbidity;
D.
*Viscosity;
E.
Surface tension.