PRACTICE WITH ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
An adjective clause contains a subject and a verb. An adjective clause is a subordinate or dependent clause; it must be connected to a main or independent clause. An adjective clause modifies a noun. Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, whose, which, that, or a relative adverb such as when or where .
IDENTIFYING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Clause
Marker Use Example who People
(subject) whom whose
People
(object)
People/things
(possessive) which Things
(subject/object)
The tribes who
The woman whom
He sent a message
That is a tribe lived in the Great Plains used smoke signals. we met was called lightning Cloud. whose which meaning we had agreed advance. interests me. (subject) that
The drumbeats which we heard sent a message. (object)
The Apache is a tribe that I will research. (object)
The smoke that you see is from the hills. (subject) where when
People/things
(subject/object)
Place
(adverb)
Time
(adverb)
That is the valley
That is the day where when the tribe lived. we get the signal.
OMISSION OF THE RELATIYE PRONOUN
When the relative pronoun is the subject of the adjective clause, it cannot be omitted.
The man who played the drum was from West Africa. (subject)
If the relative pronoun is the object of the adjective clause, it can be omitted.
The man whom I saw was a Native American. (object)
The man I saw was a Native American.
The drumbeat that I beard was a signal. (object)
The drumbeat I beard was a signal.
The relative pronouns whose, where, and whereby cannot be omitted.
Sequoyah, whose alphabet for the Indian people consisted of 85 characters, was acclaimed a genius by his people. (Whose cannot be omitted.)
That was the area where the tribe lived (Where cannot be omitted.)
Sequoyah devised an alphabet whereby all the different tribes could read a common language. (Whereby cannot be omitted.)

EXERCISE 1
Write "C" if the correct clause marker has been used. Write "IC" if an incorrect clause marker has been used.
Examples IC People which love car racing always enjoy the Indianapolis 500.
You should write "IC" in the space because the relative pronoun "who" refers to people.
____1. California’s San Joaquin Valley, where has lured settlers throughout the years, is rimmed by beautiful mountains.
____2. Edward Kazarian, which is a master of making miniatures, uses microscopes and diamond-tipped tools to create figures the size of the head of a pin.
____3. Elvis Presley, who has been called the "king of rock and roll," made his first record, privately, in 1953.
____4. Vast oil spills that contaminate coastal areas cost huge sums to clean up.
____5. People whose are in charge of ticket reservations warn travelers to book early during the high seasons
____6. Using low doses of antibiotics that don’t kill bacteria only helps them develop their resistance.
____7. The last city of the Pyu civilization, who flourished from the ninth to first centuries B.C.E., lies about
160 miles from Rangoon, Burma.
____8. Anna Freud, when was the daughter of Sigmund Freud, was an eminent psychoanalyst as well.

REDUCDD ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Adjective clauses can be reduced to phrases. An adjective phrase modifies a noun. An adjective phrase does not contain a subject and a verb.
Adjective Clause: The man who is drumming is African.
Adjective Phrase: The man drumming is African.
Only adjectives that have a subject pronoun, who , which , or that , can be reduced.
Clause: The man who is playing the drums is well-known.
Phrase: The man playing the drums. is well-known.
Clause: The man (whom) I met was well-known.
Phrase: not possible
There are two ways to reduce an adjective phrase.
1. The subject pronoun and the be form of the verb are omitted.
Clause: The man who is playing is my friend.
Phrase: The man playing is my friend.
Clause: The signals which are given are simple.
Phrase: The signals given are simple.
Clause: The tones that are in the language are important.
Phrase: The tones in the language are important.
2. When there is no form of be in the adjective clause, you can omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to the -ing form .
Clause: The Cherokee Indians have an alphabet that consists of eighty-five characters.
Phrase: The Cherokee Indians have an alphabet consisting of eighty-five characters.
Clause: Anyone who wants to get the news can listen to the message.
Phrase: Anyone wanting to get the news can listen to the message.
Adjective phrases are usually separated by commas, as in adjective clauses.
Clause: Sequoyah, who was the inventor of an Indian alphabet, was a Cherokee Indian.
Phrase: Sequoyah, the inventor of an Indian alphabet, was a Cherokee Indian.

EXERCISE 2
If any verb form in an adjective phrase is incorrect, cross it out and write the correct form above the verb.
Example
meaning
The word "Minnesota," means many lakes, is another example of a Native
found
American word finding in American English.
1. Ambroise Pare, knowing as the father of modern surgery, brought medicine out of the Dark Ages.
2. Each child enter school for the first time is individually screened.
3. Natural oils taken from the rose and the jasmine flower are valuable ingredients of perfume.
4. Scissors, a Bronze Age invention remained basically unchanged to this day, consist of two blades linked by a C-shaped spring.
5. People protesting the destruction of old forests sometimes chain themselves to the trees marked to be cut down.
6. Butterfly wings have iridescent scales consist of thin interlaced layers.
7. Glacier National Park is impressive with its mountain peaks are towering over splendid lakes.
8. Medicine finding in bathroom cabinets should be thrown out if the expiration date has passed.