City Policy and Strategy Division
Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work
S150 Roadworks
Amendment Register
Ed/Rev
Number
Section
Number
1.0
2.0
7, 8, 9 & 10
2.5
8&9
9.1
9.2
3.0
9.3
9.4
10.0
Description
Date
Original issue
Complete revision and reissue of the following sections:
- Section 7 – Surface Treatments;
- Section 8 – Traffic Signs;
- Section 9 – Pavement Marking and;
- Section 10 – Other Surface Features.
Minor revision of typographical errors from Revision 2.0
‘Blacking out’ clearly identified as an unacceptable practice
for line removal
Modification in type of glass beads and anti-skid material
specified. Class ‘B’ glass beads removed, Class ’C’ glass
beads added, anti-skid material (crushed quartz)
requirements modified
Modification and clarification of application rates for dropon glass beads and anti-skid material, application of raised
pavement markers.
Revision of road types/descriptions to align with Brisbane
City Council Road Hierarchy Plan, clarification of
requirements for materials on bicycle facilities.
Non-flared gating guardrail end terminals requirements
modified
Oct 2001
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
Feb 2005
Apr 2005
Jan 2008
City Policy and Strategy Division
Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work
S150 Roadworks
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Revision 3.0 – January 2008
City Policy and Strategy Division
Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work
S150 Roadworks
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 SECTION CONTENT ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 CROSS REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 1
1.3 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... 1
2.0
QUALITY ............................................................................................................. 1
2.1 INSPECTION.................................................................................................... 1
2.2 SAMPLES ....................................................................................................... 2
2.3 CONTRACTOR’S SUBMISSIONS......................................................................... 2
3.0
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT....................................................................................... 2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
MATERIALS .................................................................................................... 2
PLACING BASE AND SUB BASE ........................................................................ 3
JUNCTIONS W ITH EXISTING PAVEMENTS .......................................................... 3
SUB BASE AND BASE COMPACTION ................................................................. 3
FINISHING BASE SURFACES ............................................................................ 4
TOLERANCES ................................................................................................. 4
DEGREE OF SATURATION................................................................................ 4
4.0
ASPHALT SURFACING ...................................................................................... 5
5.0
CONCRETE KERBS & CHANNELS ................................................................... 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.0
GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 5
PLACING CONCRETE ....................................................................................... 6
KERB ADAPTORS ............................................................................................ 6
TOLERANCES ................................................................................................. 7
CONCRETE SLABS ........................................................................................... 8
6.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 8
6.2 JOINTS ........................................................................................................... 8
6.3 TOLERANCES ................................................................................................. 8
7.0
SURFACE TREATMENTS .................................................................................. 9
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 9
SLIP RESISTANCE ........................................................................................... 9
SKID RESISTANCE .......................................................................................... 9
COLOURED PAVEMENT TREATMENT............................................................... 10
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
8.0
General Requirements ................................................................................. 10
Type 1 Treatment (Stencilled or Stamped/Imprinted Surfacing System) ..... 10
Type 2 Treatment (High Friction Surfacing System) .................................... 11
Colour ........................................................................................................... 13
TRAFFIC SIGNS ............................................................................................... 14
8.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT .............................................................................. 14
8.2 BRISBANE CITY COUNCIL SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 14
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
Reference Marking ....................................................................................... 14
Materials ....................................................................................................... 14
Substrate preparation ................................................................................... 16
Sheeting application ..................................................................................... 17
Provision for mounting signs ........................................................................ 17
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Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work
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8.2.6
8.2.7
8.2.8
8.2.9
8.2.10
8.2.11
9.0
Sign Fixing .................................................................................................... 18
Post Installation ............................................................................................ 18
Post Caps ..................................................................................................... 18
Redundant posts and footings ...................................................................... 19
Non-standard signs ...................................................................................... 19
Brisbane City Council Kerbside Allocation Sign Codes ............................... 19
PAVEMENT MARKING ..................................................................................... 20
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 20
MATERIALS .................................................................................................. 20
EXECUTION .................................................................................................. 22
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 25
10.0 OTHER SURFACE FEATURES .......................................................................... 1
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Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work
S150 Roadworks
1.0
GENERAL
1.1
SECTION CONTENT
Type of asphalt surfacing; flexible sub base and base courses; roadworks surface features
such as kerbs, channels, vehicular crossings and the like; surface treatments, pavement
marking and traffic signs.
1.2
CROSS REFERENCES
Refer to the following other Reference Specifications:
1.3

S110 General Requirements: General technical requirements and interpretation of
terminologies.

S120 Quality. Process control testing.

S140 Earthworks: Protection of trees, protection of existing services, site clearing, bulk
earthworks, preparation of subgrade, and trenching.

S200 Concrete Work: Concrete supply, placing, curing, reinforcement, in situ concrete
surfaces.

S300 Quarry Products: Base and sub base material.

S320 Laying of Asphalt: Placement and compaction of asphalt pavement.
DEFINITIONS
Pavement: That part of the road placed above the subgrade for the support of, and to form
a running surface for, vehicular traffic. The pavement comprises one or more layers of
material referred to as surfacing, base course and sub base course.
Base course: That portion of the pavement immediately supporting the surfacing. It is and
principally intended to directly support the traffic loads.
Sub base course: That portion of the pavement below the base course to provide additional
thickness of material required above the subgrade. It is principally intended to distribute to
the subgrade the loads from overlying courses.
2.0
QUALITY
2.1
INSPECTION
Witness points
Refer annexure. Give sufficient notice so that inspection may be made at the following
stages:
 Bedding material prepared for kerb and channel.

Placing sub base and base.

Completion of each compacted layer.

Surfaces prepared for priming, sealing or surfacing.

At the commencement of asphalt surfacing.

Pavement marking set out ready for marking.
Hold points
Refer annexure. Do not proceed without approval. Give sufficient notice so that inspection
may be made at the following stages:

Compliance testing certificates.
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Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work
S150 Roadworks
2.2
SAMPLES
General
Refer annexure. Submit to the testing authority samples of the following:

Each type of imported fill.

Each type of excavated material, which is to be re-used for constructing flexible
pavement in the Works.
Identification
Attach a tag to each sample showing relevant information including description, source and
nominal size of material.
2.3
CONTRACTOR’S SUBMISSIONS
Imported materials: Notify the supplier, source and description of all imported materials.
Submit certification or test results, which establish the compliance of imported materials.
Recycled products: Notify the nature, source, proportions and method of incorporation of
any added fillers or binders.
Sub base and base delivery: Submit a delivery docket at the time of delivery for each
truckload of sub base and base material. Endorse it to show the location of the material in
the Works. Information should include:

Empty and loaded mass of vehicle.

Date and time of dispatch.

Supplier and location of mixing plant.

Registration number of the vehicle.

Nature of material.
3.0
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
3.1
MATERIALS
Refer annexure.
Material properties: Refer to S300-Quarry Products.
Base course under bitumen, asphalt and pavers: Use Class 1 material. Provide a
minimum 100 mm thick course for local access roads (type A and B pavements) and
neighbourhood access roads (type C pavement). Provide a minimum 125 mm thick course
for access/ suburban route (type D pavement) and industrial access (type E pavement).
Sub base course: Use Class 2 material (or alternatively Class 1 material) to construct a
minimum 100 mm thick top layer. Use Class 3 material (or alternatively Class 2 material)
to construct subsequent sub base courses as required to obtain design pavement
thickness.
Unsealed roads and shoulders: Class 1 or class 2 soil aggregate.
Material maximum size: Do not use class 1 crushed rock exceeding 25 mm nominal size in
base courses where surfacing is spray seal or asphalt less than 50 mm thick.
Cement treated materials (where specified): Spread cement and mix in place using
approved specialised plant or mix off-site in a suitable batching plant.
Pavement widening or rehabilitation: Select paving materials to match the characteristics of
the existing pavement profile. Use low or high permeable material as appropriate to
minimise differential permeability.
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3.2
PLACING BASE AND SUB BASE
General
Material separation: Place materials of different grading or from different sources in
separate layers or separate sections of the work.
Spreading: Spread material in uniform layers. Do not segregate the material.
Layer thickness: 100 - 150 mm (after compaction) to suit the construction process. Use
equal layers in multi layer courses.
Moisture content of underlying layers: Adjust the surface moisture content of underlying
layers to prevent new material losing moisture.
Joints
Plan the spreading and delivery to minimise the number of joints.
successive layers by at least 300 mm.
Offset joints in
Existing road surface as subgrade
Carry out minor reshaping to improve vertical alignment as directed. Do not otherwise
lower or excavate the existing roadway. After final shaping of the metal box, scarify the
existing pavement forming the subgrade before placement of the pavement material.
3.3
JUNCTIONS WITH EXISTING PAVEMENTS
Trimming: Where the pavement is to be joined to an existing pavement, remove a strip of
the existing pavement at least 300 mm wide for its full depth and trim the edge to an angle
of approximately 45o in steps of maximum height 150 mm before placing new pavement
material.
3.4
SUB BASE AND BASE COMPACTION
Compaction
Modified maximum dry density: To AS 1289.5.2.1.
Desirable minimum relative compaction: 95% of modified maximum dry density, to
AS 1289.5.4.1. Refer annexure.
Conformance criteria: Refer to S120-Quality Clause 6.2.
Field dry density: To AS 1289.5.3.1, AS 1289.5.3.5 or AS 1289.5.8.1.
If using
AS 1289.5.8.1, calibrate the surface moisture-density gauge in accordance with
AS 1289.5.8.4 before use on site.
Moisture content
General: During spreading and compaction, maintain materials within the range of - 2% to
+ 1% from the optimum moisture content (modified compaction) appropriate to each
material.
Rectification
If a section of pavement material fails to meet the required conformance criteria as
specified in S120 Quality Clause 6.2, remove the non-complying material, replace with new
pavement material, and recompact.
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Level corrections
High areas: Grade off.
Low areas: Remove to a minimum depth of 75 mm, replace with new material and
recompact.
3.5
FINISHING BASE SURFACES
Final trim
Grade and trim the base course surface to the specified tolerances to produce a hard,
dense, tightly packed surface free of lenses, compaction planes and caking.
Traffic on uncompleted work
Give notice before opening the pavement to traffic before the work is completed. Provide
adequate means of protection.
3.6
TOLERANCES
Surface level
General: Provide finished sub base and base surfaces, which are evenly graded between
level points, free draining and conform to the required tolerances.
Smoothness: As normally produced by a grader blade (except for batters without topsoil).
Tolerances: The limits in the Table 3.1 apply to the finished surface unless overridden by
the requirements for the finished level and thickness of the surfacing.
Table 3.1 – Tolerances
Level tolerance
Item
Sub base
Base
Absolute
Relative to a 3 m straightedge*
+ 10 mm - 30 mm
10 mm
 10 mm
5 mm
* Limits to incorporate due allowance for design shape where relevant
Crossfall
Measurement: Measure crossfall at sub base and base transversely to the centreline.
Ensure that the two selected points are more than 2 m apart.
Requirement: Do not depart from the corresponding design crossfall by more than 0.2%
absolute. Maintain positive drainage slope towards pavement drainage system.
Other ground surfaces
Absolute level tolerance: ± 50 mm, provided the area matches adjacent construction.
Horizontal surfaces
Absolute tolerance: ± 50 mm, except where alignment with an existing road structure is
necessary. Join new construction to the existing work in a smooth manner.
3.7
DEGREE OF SATURATION
General: Where directed by the Superintendent, determine degree of saturation of the
pavement layer if excessive moisture content is suspected. Sources of water entry during
the construction phase may include inadequate pavement surface drainage, exposure of
surface to rain, pavements left primed but not sealed for extended periods, use of high
moisture content for compaction, and excessive watering of the pavement.
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Test method: Determine degree of saturation in accordance with Queensland Department
of Main Roads test method Q111D. Perform test within a period of 6 hours prior to the
placement of the next pavement layer or surfacing.
Moisture content limits: Limit the maximum degrees of saturation to 65% for Class 1
material, and 70% for Class 2 and Class 3 materials. Where the moisture content limits
are exceeded during construction, dry back pavement prior to covering with the next layer
of pavement or surfacing.
4.0
ASPHALT SURFACING
Use Brisbane City Council standard asphalt types in accordance with Table 4.1. Refer
annexure.
Table 4.1 – Mix design applications
Mix
type
Nominal
aggregate size
1*
5 mm
Thin wearing course, footpaths, sheet patching, and overlays in
local residential streets.
2*
10 mm
Surfacing course for local access roads (type A and B pavements)
and neighbourhood access roads (type C pavement).
3*
18 mm
Surfacing course for district access/ suburban route (type D
pavement) and industrial access (type E pavement). Surfacing
and structural courses for arterial route (types F and G
pavements).
4*
35 mm
Unsuitable for final surfacing. Generally used as structural layers
for deep lift asphaltic concrete pavements.
Typical applications
* Denotes dense graded asphalt
5.0
CONCRETE KERBS & CHANNELS
5.1
GENERAL
Scope: Kerbs, channels, mowing strips and other linear elements.
Profile: To Standard Drawings UMS 211 and UMS 212. Refer annexure.
Hand placed (in situ) concrete: Grade N25.
Precast concrete: Grade N25.
Machine placed (slip formed or extruded) concrete: Grade S32, minimum cementitious
content of the concrete is 320 kg/m3 for all roads.
Surface finish: A mortar surfacing is required on extruded work and a comparable finish
required for other placing methods.
Placing and curing: The provisions of S200 Concrete Work Clause 6.0 do not apply.
Provide kerbs and channels with no cracks greater than 0.3 mm wide (other than at control
joints) and without impairment of slip resistance.
Excavation limit: When excavating the existing pavement to construct the kerb and
channel, limit excavation to the minimum required for a mechanical compactor and kerb
machine. Excavate at least 75 mm past the back of the kerb.
Pre-wetting: Wet the bedding material immediately before laying concrete without resulting
in free water remaining on the surface.
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Bedding. Construct bedding from the same pavement material or approved free draining
non-plastic material with permeability not less than the adjoining pavement material.
Continue pavement at least 75 mm past the extremities of the kerb to ensure stability of the
pavement edge. Extend bedding to the bottom of the pavement box, but the minimum
bedding thickness must not be less than 75 mm.
Contraction or shrinkage control joints: Install between expansion joints at regular
intervals not exceeding 4 m. Construct joints by forming grooves 40 mm deep by 6 mm
wide in all exposed surfaces of the concrete kerb and channel. Provide grooves normal to
the top surface and square to the alignment of the concrete kerb and channel. Where
relevant, locate joints to line up with contraction joints in adjacent structures.
Expansion joints: Provide expansion joints between the concrete kerb and channel and any
abutting structures (such as bridges, rigid pavements and concrete slabs), or where
directed. Where relevant, locate joints to line up with the expansion joints in adjacent
structures. Construct joints by installing 10 mm thick compressible packing for the full
width and depth of the concrete kerb and channel. Seal surface of joint with a suitable
polyurethane sealant, Thioflex 600 or equivalent.
All other requirements: To AS 2876.
5.2
PLACING CONCRETE
Machine placing
Slump: Use the maximum slump that will maintain shape without support immediately after
laying.
Hand placing
Maximum Length: No more than 20 metres in contiguous lengths (including vehicular
entrances and kerb ramps).
Cast together: Cast the kerb and channel simultaneously.
5.3
KERB ADAPTORS
General
Standard: Comply with the relevant Standard Drawing UMS 351 or UMS 353 or UMS 354
regarding placement and shape.
Acceptable materials: Injection moulded, ultraviolet light stabilised UPVC to AS 1254.
Fabricated steel galvanised to AS 4680. Ferrous hollow sections galvanised to AS 4792.
Aluminium casting to AS 1874.
Installation: Saw cut opening in kerb and fix kerb adaptor flush with the top of kerb. Fill
gaps on sides with materials approved by the manufacturer, for example, cement or grout
or epoxy resin.
Scope of application: Use Class C (medium duty) kerb adaptor on local access and
neighbourhood access roads. Use Class D (heavy duty) kerb adaptor on all the other
higher order road hierarchy classification.
Location
New work: Near the lower boundary of each lot, which drains towards the road, and clear
of existing or planned service pits and meters.
Reconstruction: At each existing roofwater outlet.
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Testing
Apparatus: A testing jig in accordance with Standard Drawing UMS 355, a hydraulic test
press capable of applying a load of up to 50 kN, and a dial gauge (with extendable arm)
capable of measuring permanent set and deflection to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The load
bearing block must correspond to the shape of the kerb adaptor and maintain a 10 mm
clearance from the outer edge of the test specimen. For example, a 80 x 55 mm load
bearing block would be appropriate in the testing of a 100 x 75 mm kerb adaptor.
Load classification: In accordance with Table 5.1.
Test loads: For rectangular opening (RO) where both sides are 240 mm, test loads are
calculated to be the serviceability and ultimate design loads given in Table 5.1 multiplied by
(area of the rectangular opening / 2402). For example, the Class D serviceability test load
corresponding to a 80 x 55 mm load bearing block (for 100 x 75 mm kerb adaptor) is
calculated as 140 x (80 x 55) / 2402 (= 10.7 kN).
Procedure: Fit appropriate attachments (side formers and base plate) to testing jig. Slide
movable plate to firmly secure the kerb adaptor in the rig, then tighten nuts on movable
plate. Place the testing jig assembly in the hydraulic press unit, with vertical axis of the load
bearing block perpendicular to the test surface. Position dial gauge and pointer arm to
record the maximum deflection at the underside of the test surface.
Acceptance criteria: Ability of test specimen to sustain the following type tests.

Measurement of elastic deflection after application of load at a rate of between 2 kN/s
to 5 kN/s up to the serviceability design load. The deflection limit must not exceed
13.5 mm.

Measurement of the permanent set after five applications of load at a rate of between
2 kN/s to 5 kN/s up to the serviceability design load. Maintain design load on specimen
for a minimum time of 5 seconds each time. The permanent set limit must not exceed
6.0 mm. (Note: Measurement for plastic devices may need to be recorded after 24
hours.)

Sustaining the ultimate limit state design load without collapse or other similar forms of
structural failure. Apply load at a rate of between 2 kN/s to 5 kN/s up to the ultimate
limit state design load. Maintain design load on specimen for a minimum time of
30 seconds.
Table 5.1 – Load classification
Loading condition
Class C (medium duty)
Class D (heavy duty)
Application
Local access and neighbourhood
access roads
All other higher order road
hierarchy classification
5000
8000
100
140
150
210
Nominal wheel load
(kg)
Serviceability design
load (kN)
Ultimate limit state
design load (kN)
Note: The load classification table is generally in accordance with AS 3996 – 2004.
5.4
TOLERANCES
General requirement: Channels do not pond water and the kerb line has no noticeable
kinks in line or level.
Vertical alignment:  10 mm from the design level at any point.
Horizontal alignment:  25 mm from the design alignment at any point.
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Deviation from a 3 m straightedge laid in parallel to the centreline: Maximum 5 mm at any
point.
Profile dimensions: The overall width does not differ by more than 15 mm and the
dimension at any point does not differ by more than 5 mm.
6.0
CONCRETE SLABS
6.1
GENERAL
Scope: Footpaths, bikeways, vehicular crossings, kerb ramps, median infills and other like
elements.
Formwork: Provide formwork to sides, construction joints and ends. Class 3 surface finish
to AS 3610.
Concrete: All concrete to be N25 grade.
Placing and curing: The provisions of S200-Concrete Work Clause 6.0 do not apply.
Provide concrete with no cracks greater than 0.3 mm wide (other than in control joints) and
with unimpaired slip resistance and colour uniformity.
6.2
JOINTS
Spacing: Space to match service pits and other discontinuity in cross-section.
Construction joints: Locate at contraction or expansion joints.
Contraction or shrinkage control joints: Unless specified otherwise, maximum spacing in
unreinforced or nominally reinforced concrete is 4 m. Use weakened plane joints to at
least one-third depth and 6 mm wide. Saw cut or use crack inducers with a life of 25 years.
Bolster cut joints must be to half depth and faired to surface with a radius of 5 - 6 mm.
Where relevant, locate joints to line up with contraction joints in adjacent structures or edge
restraints.
Expansion joints: Unless specified otherwise, the maximum spacing in un-reinforced or
nominally reinforced concrete is 16 m. Provide additional expansion joints between the
concrete slab and abutting edge restraints. Form joints with full depth 10 mm closed cell
close linked polyethylene foam 85 – 150 kg/m3 (with 10 mm removable top section)
securely taped to the end form. Seal surface of joint with a suitable polyurethane sealant,
Thioflex 600 or equivalent.
6.3
TOLERANCES
Pavement edges: Shape new pavement surface to match existing features such as pit
covers or driveways to within 5 mm.
Absolute level tolerance:  25 mm.
Maximum deviation relative to a 3 m straightedge: 5 mm.
Discontinuity in pavement surface levels: For pedestrian areas 1.5 mm, for roadways
2 mm.
Maximum deviation of edge from design alignment: 25 mm.
Width: - 0 mm, + 35 mm.
Thickness: - 5 mm, + 30 mm.
Maximum deviation from a 3 m straightedge placed on vertical, or sloping surfaces
required to be straight: 10 mm.
Drainage: All surfaces must be free draining.
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7.0
SURFACE TREATMENTS
7.1
GENERAL
This clause applies to coloured treatments, texturing, decorative, and high friction surfacing
systems on asphalt and concrete surfaces.
7.2
SLIP RESISTANCE
Scope: Applies to pedestrian surfaces.
Standard: Generally to AS 4586 for new surface and AS 4663 for existing surface.
Slip resistance requirement: Maintain minimum enduring slip resistance (coefficient of
friction in wet condition) values specified in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 – Minimum enduring slip resistance values
*
7.3
Slope of surface
S (%)
Coefficient of friction(wet)*
0.4 + 0.0125S
Equiv skid resistance value*
(BPN)
0
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
0.40
0.425
0.45
0.475
0.50
0.525
0.59
0.65
39
41
43
45
47
49
54
59
As the pedestrian surface may deteriorate over time, the initial slip resistance is expected to be
higher than the specified minimum enduring slip resistance value.
SKID RESISTANCE
Scope: Applies to vehicular trafficked surfaces.
Definition: Skid resistance is a measure of the friction between the vehicle tyre and the
paved surface. The skid resistance depends on both the micro texture of the aggregate in
the surfacing, the macro texture (surface texture) of the surfacing, as well as the presence
of moisture and film thickness.
Bituminous surfaces: Micro texture relates primarily to the surface texture of the individual
aggregate particles, which is in turn influenced by the degree of polishing of the aggregate.
The shape of and the space between the aggregate particles provides the macro texture.
Concrete surfaces: The fine aggregate particles in the mix provide the micro texture.
Texturing in accordance with S200-Concrete Clause 10.1 provides the macro texture.
Portable pendulum skid resistance tests (British Pendulum): Carry out tests on wet
surfaces in accordance with QDMR method Q704 or ASTME 303-69. The testing device
measures the coefficient of friction between the road surface and a rubber slider, mounted
on a pendulum. The skid resistance measurements are recorded as the BPN.
Requirement: The skid resistance requirement of an applied surface treatment is specified
in Table 7.2. Maintain the minimum skid resistance values for the duration of the product
guarantee period.
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Table 7.2 – Minimum enduring skid resistance values
Minimum skid resistance value*
(BPN)
Surface Treatment Type
Type 1 Treatment (See 7.4.1 & 7.4.2)
Type 2 Treatment (See 7.4.1 & 7.4.3)
*
7.4
55
65
Record measurement at the end of the defects liability period (ie 12 months from the date of on
maintenance acceptance). The initial skid resistance is expected to be higher than the specified
minimum value to ensure achievement of the minimum enduring requirement.
COLOURED PAVEMENT TREATMENT
7.4.1 General Requirements
Treatment locations: Thresholds at local traffic areas to visually enhance traffic control
devices such as mini-roundabouts, diamond slow-ways, single lane angled slow-ways,
approaches to intersections, and road humps (traffic calming device) and to visually
enhance school zones or demarcation of parking area, bicycle lanes or bus lanes. Type 1
Treatment is generally used for these locations.
Type 2 Treatment is required for locations requiring high skid resistance. (eg accident black
spots and locations with high incidence of wet weather skidding)
Visual assessment: Inspect the installed coloured treatment to assess uniformity and
compliance with the minimum skid resistance requirement. Use test boards (product
samples that have been tested for skid resistance and found to be satisfactory) to aid the
visual assessment. Conduct visual assessment during the on maintenance inspection.
British Pendulum tests: Undertake a minimum of 2 skid resistance tests in each treatment
area. Increase test frequency as required (minimum 1 test per 100 m2 or part thereof per
site in the wheel path) to delineate any non-conforming areas. If required, rectify defects.
Conduct tests at the end of the defects liability period (ie 12 months from the date of on
maintenance acceptance).
Manufacturer’s guarantee: Minimum period of 3 years against the loss of colour, stripping
and delamination, and maintaining the skid resistance characteristics specified in
Clause 7.3. The product guarantee does not extend to defects arising from damage
caused by settlement, subsidence or failure of the underlying stratum.
7.4.2 Type 1 Treatment (Stencilled or Stamped/Imprinted Surfacing System)
General
Surfacing system: Generally a proprietary treatment approved by Brisbane City Council
(Approving Authority: Manager City Assets) that has been specifically developed for
installation by trained personnel to produce a uniformly coloured, highly durable, and
seamless surface finish of adequate skid resistance (on road surface) or slip resistance (on
pedestrian surface). Refer annexure.
Approval of treatment system: Comply with one or more of the following criteria.

The system has a minimum of 3 years of documented history of satisfactory
performance/trials and or usage locally or interstate. Brisbane City Council may
require further trials before approval.

The system is approved by an internationally recognised body such as the HAPAS
British Board of Agreement (BBA) for its intended purpose.

The system has been subjected to accelerated testings for scuffing, wear and tensile
adhesion in accordance with the defined tests in TRL Report 176, Appendix G, H and J
respectively (or equivalent NATA certified tests) and the results are satisfactory to
Brisbane City Council.
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Surface preparation: Water blast the substrate to be treated to remove all oil, grease, dirt
and anything foreign to the surface. Remove thermoplastic road markings. Treat joints
and cracks in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Coating system
Base coat (colour required): Use base coat that is capable of filling voids in the asphalt and
concrete surfaces.
Top coat (colour required): Incorporate uniformly the UV stable organic and/or metallic
oxide pigments, graded aggregates, specialty resins and other additives such as wetting
agents and super plasticisers.
Protective sealer: Provide protection against petroleum based fuels and oils as
experienced on road surfaces.
Resin bonded aggregate system
Where a resin bonded aggregate system is used as a Type 1 Treatment; Clause 7.4.3
applies except that the aggregate requirements are as follows:
Aggregates requirement: Provide aggregates that are clean, dry, hard, tough, durable,
moderately sharp grains of pre-coated coloured natural stone, of uniform quality, free of
dust, dirt and other deleterious matter.
Grading: Not more than 5% (by weight) is retained on a 2.36 mm A.S. sieve and not more
than 5% (by weight) passes a 0.6 mm A.S. sieve.
Frictional characteristic: Achieve a Polished Aggregate Friction Value (PAFV) of not less
than 60 as determined by test method AS 1141.41.
7.4.3 Type 2 Treatment (High Friction Surfacing System)
General
High Friction Surfacing system: Generally a proprietary anti skid and resin bonded
aggregate system approved by Brisbane City Council (Approving Authority: Manager City
Assets) and that has been specifically developed for installation by trained personnel to
produce a textured, durable surfacing of high skid resistance. Refer annexure.
Approval of treatment system: Comply with one or more of the following criteria.

The system is an approved high friction surface product/method for this application
under the HAPAS British Board of Agreement (BBA) or an equivalent internationally
recognised body.

The system has been subjected to accelerated testing for scuffing, wear and tensile
adhesion in accordance with the defined tests in TRL Report 176, Appendix G, H and J
respectively (or equivalent NATA certified tests) in accordance with the requirements
detailed in Table 7.3.
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Table 7.3 – Accelerated testings
Test parameter
Requirement
Texture depth  1.4 mm
Initially
Scuffing (test method
TRL 176 Appendix G,
conducted at 45 C)
After 500 wheel passes
Texture depth (mm)  1.2 mm
Erosion index  3
After heat ageing for 112
days at (70  3)°C and 500
wheel passes
Texture depth (mm)  1.2 mm
Erosion index  5
Initially
Texture depth  1.4 mm
BPN  65
After 100 000 wheel passes
Texture depth  1.1 mm
Erosion index  3
BPN  65
Wear (test method
TRL 176 Appendix H)
Tensile adhesion (test
method TRL 176
Appendix J)
Stress at (–10  2)ºC
 1.0 N/mm2
Stress at (+20  2)ºC
 0.5 N/mm2
Surface preparation: Treat surface vigorously by either hot chemical application or dry
surface abrasive blasting (as determined by a site inspection) to remove dust laitance and
other loose material. Wash and scrub the surface with a mild detergent solution to remove
any remaining visible oil stains and flush with clean water. Allow surface to dry prior to
surface application of the binder. Do not apply binder to surface that has been exposed to
rain in the previous 48 hours when the treatment system is used in full lane/carriageway
application. Suitably mask all existing utility pit covers and raised pavement markers.
Asphalt surface: Subject newly laid asphalt surface to vehicular traffic for a period of at
least 6 weeks prior to surface binder application.
Resin binder
General: Use a certified industrial grade thermosetting two component polymer resin binder
suitably pigmented to provide the necessary depth of specified colour in the finished
surface coating.
Binder properties: Maintain a maximum in service time of 4 hours at an ambient surface
temperature of 20ºC upon mixing and application of binder to the pavement surface.
Comply with Table 7.4 for other material properties.
Table 7.4 – Binder properties
Test
Parameter
Requirement
Tensile adhesion
(TRL 176 Appendix J)
Tensile adhesion
(TRL 176 Appendix J)
Elongation at break
(BS 2782)
Tensile strength
(BS 2782)
Stress at –10  2ºC
 1.0 N/mm2
Stress at 20  2ºC
 0.5 N/mm2
7 days at 23ºC
 30%
7 days at 23ºC
 10.5 N/mm2
Application: Spray, brush or squeegee binder on to a dry surface at a rate to suit the
surface texture and porosity. On a smooth closed textured surface the amount of binder
must not be less than what is required to hold the aggregate permanently in position. Use
a temperature gauge accurate to  2ºC to measure the temperature of the heated binder
components to facilitate the mixing or spray application. Do not exceed the maximum
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temperature recommended by the manufacturer. Allow heated binders to cool prior to the
application of aggregate.
Aggregates
Requirement: Provide aggregates that are clean, dry, hard, tough, durable, moderately
sharp grains of either natural stone or calcined bauxite, of uniform quality, free of dust, dirt
and other deleterious matter.
Grading: Not more than 5% (by weight) is retained on a 3.35 mm A.S. sieve and not more
than 5% (by weight) passes a 1.18 mm A.S. sieve.
Frictional characteristics: Achieve a Polished Aggregate Friction Value (PAFV) of not less
than 70 as determined by test method AS 1141.41.
Application: After binder application, broadcast aggregates to cover the binder uniformly
and to excess, in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Do not roll aggregates.
Upon initial curing, remove all excess aggregates by a vacuum sweeper or equivalent
means.
7.4.4 Colour
General
Colour: Produce surfacing colour to be an approximate match to the specified AS 2700
colour standard. Undertake assessment of colour matching in the test light booth in
accordance with the procedure prescribed in AS/NZS 1580.601.1.
Local traffic area/LATM schemes
Permitted colours for threshold treatments on pavement: Red of an approximate match to
any of the standard colours R13 Signal red or R14 Waratah or R15 Crimson.
Permitted colours for edge strips of threshold treatments on pavement: Yellow of an
approximate match to any of the standard colours Y11 Canary or Y12 Wattle or Y13 Vivid
yellow or Y15 Sunflower or Y22 Custard or Y23 Buttercup.
Permitted colours at median infill: Red of an approximate match to any of the standard
colours R42 Salmon pink or R43 Red dust or R52 Terracotta.
Bicycle lanes
Permitted colours: Green of an approximate match to any of the standard colours G13
Emerald or G21 Jade or G27 Homebush green or G51 Spruce.
Bus lanes
Permitted colours: Red of an approximate match to any of the standard colours R13 Signal
red or R14 Waratah or R15 Crimson.
Decorative streetscape
Permitted colours: Do not use red or green or light shaded colours.
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8.0
TRAFFIC SIGNS
8.1
GENERAL REQUIREMENT
Supply signs, poles and fitments to Queensland Department Main Roads Standard
Specification MRS 11.14 Road Furniture. All signs to be manufactured in accordance with
current edition of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) issued by the
Executive Director (Traffic and Road Use Management), Queensland Department Main
Roads.
8.2
BRISBANE CITY COUNCIL SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
8.2.1 Reference Marking
All sign shall have painted, imprinted or indelibly marked in black onto the substrate on the
reverse side of the sign in the lower right hand corner the following details:
-
the month and year of manufacture (15 mm high lettering);
-
The class and manufacture’s code of material used as background on the sign (codes
3M, Ni, Ki, St, Re);
-
an approved identification of the manufacturer's name (15 mm high lettering);
-
the letters “BCC” in 10-20 mm high lettering and/or Brisbane City Council corporate
logo of size 50 mm high in the format as shown in Figure 8.1.
Figure 8.1 – Brisbane City Council Corporate Logo
8.2.2 Materials
Sign plate
For all sign types (except street name and G5.10 (“No Through Road”) signs), plates shall
be manufactured from an aluminium alloy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The aluminium alloy
shall be type 5251, temper H38 as specified in AS 1734, “Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys
– Flat Sheet, Coiled Sheet and Plate”.
For street name and G5.10 (“No Through Road”) signs, sign blades shall be manufactured
from an aluminium alloy. Provide 3 mm thick aluminium plates with 16 mm diameter rolled
edges top and bottom made of one piece. Signs to be rectangular with overall depth of
200 mm. Vary length from 500 mm to 1150 mm to suit the legend.
For parking signs, the minimum size of sign plate to be used is 225 mm x 450 mm
The sign plate shall be deburred, free of cracks, tears and other surface blemishes and the
deburred edges are to be true and smooth.
Tolerances on the overall dimensions of the sign plate shall be ±5 mm.
The maximum allowable warp, twist or other departure from flatness of the sign shall be
5 mm/metre in any direction.
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Retroreflective materials
The retroreflective materials shall conform in colour to those shown in Appendix C of
AS 1743-1992. The photometric performance requirements for retroreflective materials
shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1906, Part 1-1993, “Retroreflective Materials”.
All sheeting, transparent and opaque screening inks used in the manufacture of a sign
shall be a fully approved product of the base sheeting manufacturer and show no loss of
the colour coat with normal handling, cutting and application.
Non-reflective materials
Non-reflective material used for figures, letters, symbols and borders shall be of uniform
density and compatible with the background material, both in application and durability.
Non-reflective sheeting specified for backgrounds shall be of uniform density and shall be
compatible with both the substrate material onto which the material is applied and with any
retroreflective sheeting applied to the material
The sheeting surface shall be compatible with screening inks and show no loss of colour
coat with normal handling, cutting and application.
Screening inks and electro-cut films
Screening inks and electro-cut films shall be of an approved brand and compatible with the
paint, non-reflective sheeting or retroreflective sheeting used. The screening ink or electrocut film shall be applied using materials and techniques recommended by the sheeting
manufacturer.
All legends, diagrams and backgrounds in the colour red are to be screened with “Traffic
Sign Red” (3M Code No. 990-12- if printing on Class 2 or 3M Code No. 882 if printing on
Class 1) or equivalent product recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.
Signface material requirements
Signface material is to be as described in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 – Brisbane City Council Signface Material Requirements
Minimum Class of Sign Material
Sign Type and Application
Regulatory Sign
STOP
(R1-1)
GIVE WAY
(R1-2)
Roundabout
(R1-3)
Pedestrian Crossing
(R3-1)
Safety Zone
(R3-2)
SCHOOL ZONE Speed Limit
(R4-Q01)
- Target Board
- SCHOOL ZONE Panel
- Remainder of Sign
Parking Regulatory Signs^
(R5 Series)
- Parking Restrictions, No Stopping, No
Parking, Special Zones (Taxi, Loading, Bus,
Truck, Mail, Works, Permit)
- Other Parking Signs (Remainder R5 Series)
Target Boards
All other regulatory signs
Legend
Background
Special
Requirements
Class 1W
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
N/A
N/A
N/A
YG
YG
N/A
Screened
Screened
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
O
YG
N/A
Screened
Screened
N/A
Screened
N-R
Class 1
Class 1
Class 1W
Class 1
N/A
O
N/A
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Minimum Class of Sign Material
Sign Type and Application
Warning Signs
Stop Sign Ahead
(W3-1)
Roundabout Sign
(W3-2)
RAILWAY CROSSING Position
(W6-24)
(Number)…..Tracks
(W7-2)
Pedestrian Crossing Ahead
(W6-2)
CHILDREN
(W6-3)
SCHOOL
(W6-4)
SCHOOL (Auxiliary Plate)
(W8-14)
CROSSING AHEAD (Auxiliary Plate)
(W8-22)
BUS STOP (Auxiliary Plate)
(W8-Q03A)
Warning signs for freeway applications
All other warning signs
Guide Signs
Advance, Intersection, Reassurance Direction
Signs and Advance Lane Signs
Tourist and Service Signs
Geographical Feature and Street Name Signs
Legend
Background
Special
Requirements
Class 1
Class 1
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
N-R
Class 1
Class 1
Class 1
Class 1
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1W
Class 1
Class 1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
YG
YG
YG
YG
YG
YG
N/A
N/A
Class 1
Class 1
N/A
Class 1
N-R
Class 1
Class 1
N/A
N/A
Class 1
Class 1
N/A
Class 1
Class 1
N/A
N-R
Class 1
N/A
N-R
Class 1
N/A
Freeway Signs(white on green background; black
on white background; white on blue background;
white on red background):
- All Applications
Traffic Instruction Signs:
- REDUCE SPEED
(G9-9)
Temporary and Special Hazard Signs
Hazard Markers
(D Series)
Class 1A or Corner Cube
(Type A)
Delineators
Flood Gauge Markers
N-R
Class 1
N/A
N/A
YG = Class 1W Fluorescent Yellow-Green
O = Class 1W Fluorescent Orange
N-R = Non-reflective
N/A = No special/extra requirements
^ = Refer to “Brisbane City Council Kerbside Allocation Sign Codes” for BCC naming
practice (UMS 826).
Any signs not specifically referred to in the above table are to be completed in Class 2
material.
8.2.3 Substrate preparation
Before application of the retroreflective or non-reflective sheeting and after completion of
sheet metal works, the aluminium sign panel shall be thoroughly cleaned and degreased
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and shall be mechanically abraded in accordance with the requirements of the sheeting
manufacturer. Chemical or Acid Bath Treatment shall not be used.
8.2.4 Sheeting application
Retroreflective and non-reflective sheeting shall be applied to the face of the sign blank as
specified by the sheeting manufacturer.
All signs shall be finished with the appropriate class of reflective or non-reflective materials
as indicated in Table 8.1. The reflective or non-reflective background shall be applied in
one piece with no horizontal or vertical joins.
All letters, arrows, symbols and borders shall be applied by:
A screen printing process and/or

Applying pre-cut retroreflective or non-reflective material and/or

Electro-cut translucent film
Screening may be accomplished either before or after application of the sheeting to the
sign blank.
Reflectorised signs shall not be clear coated, except where recommended by the
manufacturer of the reflective sheeting.
8.2.5 Provision for mounting signs
Sign plates 400 mm or greater in depth
Provide two 11 mm x 11 mm square holes punched cleanly through sign substrate 305 mm
apart centred on the vertical axis.
Sign plates less than 400mm in depth
Provide two 11 mm x 11 mm square holes punched cleanly through sign substrate. Holes
to be located between the sign legend and border centred on the vertical axis.
Street name and no through road signs
Signs to be manufactured with two 11 mm diameter holes in the vertical axis of the sign
blanks. These holes shall be drilled at 117 mm centres, centred in the vertical axis and
located 20 mm from the vertical edge of the plate.
Extrusions for stiffening large signs
Stiffening braces are required for hazard boards, guide signs and other signs as directed.
Extrusions to be Type 1, Type 2A or Modified Type 2A to Queensland Department of Main
Roads Standard Drawing 1364 and are to be fixed horizontally at maximum 305 mm
centres vertically up the sign.
Sign plates shall be fitted to stiffener rails by either:

4.8 to 5 mm diameter monel or stainless steel rivets;

4.0 mm blind aluminium head rivets;

Self piercing riveting systems;
The heads of rivets or other similar fixings shall be coloured to match the surrounding
material
The maximum spacing of mechanical fixings shall be 200 mm and the distance from the
first fixing to the edge of the stiffener shall be no greater than 30 mm or as specified by the
suppliers of the fixing system. An additional fixing 20 mm from the first fixing shall be
applied. An exception to this is the use of the “Henrob” self-piercing system, for which the
maximum fixing spacing shall be 250 mm.
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Number of stiffening rails per sign size shall be at location shown in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2 – Stiffening Rail Locations
Sign Depth (mm)
Minimum Number of Stiffeners
(Modular Construction)
330 to 800
825 to 1300
1325 to 1400
1425 to 1925
1950 to 2400
2425 to 2600
2625 to 3125
3150 to 3600
3625 to 3800
3825 to 4325
4350 to 4800
4825 to 5000
5025 to 5525
5550 to 6000
6025 to 6200
6225 to 6725
6725 to 7200
7225 to 7400
7425 to 7925
7950 to 8400
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
8.2.6 Sign Fixing
Fixing Clamps
Parking signs – Appleton type BR-60-A.
Street name signs – Aluminium fixing bracket AL1949, AL1950
Direction signs – 60 mm or 80 mm sign fix clamps
Other fixing methods
Fixing to timber poles (electricity/utility poles) – 10 mm x 35 mm galvanised coach bolts (fix
trough sign only) or 10 mm x 90 mm galvanised coach bolts (fix through sign and stiffening
extrusion)
Fixing to steel poles (>80 mm, electricity/utility poles) – 13 mm wide bandit stainless steel
strapping.
8.2.7 Post Installation
50 mm NB posts and standards: For normal ground conditions and no constructed surface
(concrete path for example), minimum 450 mm deep post spike maybe used. Where
constructed surface exists, either cleanly punch hole through surface and install in
minimum 300 mm deep concrete footing or weld 100 mm x 100 mm x 10 mm flat plate to
bottom of standard and use either dyna bolt or chemset type fixings to fix to surface.
8.2.8 Post Caps
Plastic caps: Provide plastic post caps to all 50 mm NB posts that are below 1.8 m in
height.
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Galvanised steel caps: Provide galvanised steel post caps to all posts greater than 50 mm
NB and below 1.8 m in height.
Do not provide post caps to posts greater than 1.8 m in height.
8.2.9 Redundant posts and footings
Redundant post footings: Posts are cut off at ground level and/or hammered below ground
level and then backfilled.
8.2.10 Non-standard signs
Street name signs
100 mm series ‘C’ letters with narrow spacing and 50 mm series ‘C’ numbers are to be
used, except for the smaller letters in the abbreviation of Street, Road, etc. These letters
are 75 mm series ‘C’. Abbreviations are to be as per Part 5 Clause 2.5 of the Manual of
Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Where the length of a street name blade would exceed
1150 mm all lettering is to be reduced to 75 mm. The top of the legend shall always be
positioned 5 mm from the top of the reflective sheeting whether street numbers are
available or not.
The following examples of spacings are to be observed between the street name and any
abbreviation which follow [such as Rd or Av etc]:
Between an E [being an upright letter on the right side], followed by an E [being an upright
letter on the left face] – a spacing of 80 mm between the closest points.
Between an E [being an upright letter on the right side], followed by an A [being a right
sloping letter on the left face] – a spacing of 75 mm between the closest points.
Between a V [being a right sloping letter on the right side], followed by a W [being a left
sloping letter on the left side] – a spacing of 70 mm between the closest points. The same
spacing would apply for an L followed by an A.
The space above the street name, the space between the name and numbers, and the
space below the numbers, shall be equal. The space bar between the numbers shall have
the following characteristics, and be located as follows:
Space bars shall be 4 mm high by 50 mm long.
The spacing between the numbers and the space bar shall be 50 mm.
The lettering shall not be positioned closer than 30 mm from the end of the retro reflective
sheeting [not applicable to the top and bottom of the sign]. The entire wording is to be
centrally positioned on the retro reflective sheeting.
No Through Road signs (G5-10)
As for street name signs, 850 mm long.
8.2.11 Brisbane City Council Kerbside Allocation Sign Codes
The Brisbane City Council makes departures in sign design for kerbside control signs from
AS 1742 and the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. These departures are known
as kerbside allocation sign codes and are detailed on UMS 826.
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9.0
PAVEMENT MARKING
9.1
GENERAL
Definitions
Pavement markings: Longitudinal lines and transverse markings.
Longitudinal lines: Centre lines, lane lines, edge lines, turn lines and continuity lines. Line
type dimensions to comply with Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 841.
Transverse markings: Transverse lines, shapes and symbols. Line type dimensions to
comply with the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (Queensland Department of
Main Roads) except as indicated on Brisbane City Council Drawings No. UMS 842,
UMS 846, UMS 847, UMS 848 and UMS 849.
Redundant lines
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Unless approved otherwise, remove redundant lines only by abrasive blasting (including
water blasting) or by cold planing/grinding. ‘Blacking out’ is not considered a removal
method and is not to be used. Where the profiled depth exceeds 10 mm, overlay the
affected area of road with a minimum thickness of bituminous surfacing appropriate to the
road type prior to pavement marking.
Colour
White: Equivalent to or whiter than “Y35 Off White” as defined in AS 2700.
Yellow: Equivalent to “Y14 Golden Yellow” as defined in AS 2700.
9.2
MATERIALS
Paint
General: Use paint suitable for application by airless spray equipment tested in accordance
with AS 1580.205.4.
Water-borne road marking paint: A paint that conforms to the requirements of AS 4049.3
and has approval under Australian Paint Approval Scheme Specification number 0041/5.
Solvent-borne road marking paint: This form of road marking paint is not acceptable for use
within the Brisbane City Council area.
Thermoplastic materials
A material that complies with the requirements of AS 4049.2 and has approval under
Australian Paint Approval Scheme Specification number 0041/5.
Considered an
appropriate longlife treatment.
Two-part cold applied materials
A Poly Methyl Methacrylate resin based pavement marking material that complies with the
requirements for colour, luminance and bead content of AS 4049.2. Considered an
appropriate longlife treatment.
Pavement marking tape
Amend #3
– Jan 08
A pliant self adhesive polymer pavement marking tape (either temporary or permanent)
suitable for application to bituminous coated, concrete or other surface as directed. Tape
must be durable (suitable for external application under traffic loading and weathering
conditions) and retain colourfastness.
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Reflective glass beads
Requirement: Silica glass marking beads to have retroreflective properties to comply with
the requirements of AS 2009.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Drop-on beads: Use Class ‘C’ intermix glass beads for all transverse markings and painted
traffic islands/kerbs. Class ‘D’ large uniform sized glass beads to be used in all the
longitudinal marking applications.
Class ‘D’ beads to have adhesive coating to
manufacturers requirements where used with longlife materials (thermoplastic and two-part
cold applied materials).
Intermix beads: Use Class ‘C’ glass beads for premixing with longlife materials. Glass
beads to form minimum 20% mass of total mixture for thermoplastic material.
Anti-skid material
Scope of application: Apply anti-skid treatment to all transverse markings, excluding
chevron markings. Apply anti-skid material to all longitudinal markings on bicycle facilities.
Anti-skid material: Crushed quartz, or other material matching or exceeding the properties
of crushed quartz. The quartz must be clean, durable, non-plastic and free from adherent
coatings and any foreign matter. It must be sound grained, very angular to semi angular,
with particle size complying with Table 9.1 below.
Application: Apply anti-skid material either as a drop-on material to paint or sprayed,
screeded or extruded longlife material or premixed in a preformed longlife material.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
For white pavement markings: Use white (whiter than “Y35 Off White” as defined in AS 2700)
crushed quartz.
For coloured pavement markings: Use a coloured anti-skid material that matches or
exceeds the properties of crushed quartz, to match the finished colour of the marking.
Table 9.1 – Quartz size to glass bead class
Glass Bead Class/Size
Anti-skid Material Nominal Size
Class ‘B’
Class ‘C’
Class ‘D’
Not used
1-1.6 mm
1-2 mm
Raised retroreflective pavement markers
Requirement: Provide reflective surfaces that are self-cleaning under normal traffic
conditions.
Type: Type A either uni-directional or bi-directional raised retroreflective pavement
markers, conforming to the requirements of AS 1906.3.
Dimension and shape: Dimensions of pavement markers to comply with AS 1906.3.
Colour in traffic situations: Uni-directional raised retroreflective pavement markers to be
white, red, green or yellow as specified on the drawings.
Bi-directional raised
retroreflective pavement markers to be white or yellow as specified on the drawings.
Colour to indicate fire hydrant location: Uni-directional raised retroreflective pavement
markers to be blue in accordance with Brisbane Water Standard Drawing Nos. 486/4/25WB010/1 to 486/4/25-WB010/13.
Raised non-retroreflective pavement markers
Type: Type B raised pavement markers, conforming to the requirements of AS 1906.3.
Dimension and shape: Circular approximately 100 mm in diameter and maximum 15 mm
high, domed.
Colour: White.
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Adhesives for raised pavement markers
Certification: Provide certificate from the adhesive manufacturer stating that the adhesive is
appropriate for the application. Adhesives may be soft, hard or mid-range.
Soft adhesives: Single part bituminous based materials, applied by heating to high
temperatures.
Hard adhesives: Hybrid cement or two-part epoxy materials mixed and applied at ambient
temperatures to manufacturer requirements.
Mid-range adhesives: Two-part urethane based materials, mixed and applied at ambient
temperatures to manufacturer requirements.
9.3
EXECUTION
Weather conditions
Rain and condensation: Do not carry out pavement markings when there is possibility of
the freshly applied pavement markings becoming damaged by rain, fog, or condensation
before they have dried or set.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Application temperatures: Do not install pavement markings when the atmospheric
temperatures are below or likely to drop below 10°C for water-borne paint. The surface
temperature must not drop below 7°C during the application of thermoplastic material.
Surface preparation
Remove all dirt, loose material and other contaminants from surfaces that are to receive
pavement markings. Apply pavement markings to surfaces that are clean and dry.
Additionally remove all laitance and curing compound by mechanical wire brushing or
abrasive blast cleaning, before the application of thermoplastic material to concrete
surfaces.
Spotting
Spotting: Paint 30 mm wide by 30 mm long spot.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Longitudinal lines: Carry out spotting at 5 m intervals on straight lines and a maximum of
2 m intervals on curved lines.
Transverse markings: Carry out spotting as shown on the drawings.
Tolerances: Comply with Table 9.2.
Table 9.2 – Spotting tolerances
Dimension
Tolerance
Distance between spots
 300 mm
Lateral position of longitudinal lines:
- New construction
- Reseals and asphalt overlays
 40 mm
 40 mm
Placement of transverse markings
- New construction
- Reseals and asphalt overlays
 20 mm
 20 mm
Applying paint
Paint temperature: Do not heat above 65C for water-borne paint.
Painting longitudinal line: Apply paint in any longitudinal line group pattern, including glass
beads and anti-skid material, in one pass of the longitudinal line application machine.
Apply one coat of paint to achieve wet film thickness of 500 µm ± 25 µm for painting work
involving Class ‘D’ large uniform sized glass beads.
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Amend #3
– Jan 08
Transverse markings: Paint using stencils, boards and hand spray equipment. Apply one
coat of paint to achieve wet film thickness of 375 µm ± 25 µm.
Applying thermoplastic material
Primer: Use a resinous primer when thermoplastic material is applied to concrete, smooth
or polished surfaces and to any surface after grinding or removal activities. Where
required by the manufacturer, apply primer to other surface types to ensure adhesion of the
thermoplastic material. Apply primer to the surface immediately in advance of, but
concurrent with, the application of thermoplastic material. Do not thin primer. Apply at the
application rate recommended by the manufacturer.
Thermoplastic material: Apply by screeding, spraying or extrusion methods, including glass
beads and anti-skid material in a single uniform layer or as preformed material. Apply to
pavement at a temperature between 180C and 200C, unless the manufacturer
recommends a different temperature.
Completely coat pavement surface with
thermoplastic material and fill any surface voids. Apply at a rate to achieve a thickness of
2.5 mm + 0.5 mm - 0.0 mm for longitudinal lines and transverse markings.
Applying two-part cold applied material
Apply by spraying, screeding, trowelling or extrusion methods, including glass beads and
anti-skid material in a single uniform layer or as preformed material. For longitudinal lines
and transverse markings, apply material at a rate to achieve a final thickness of
1.0 mm + 0.5 mm - 0.0 mm for spray applications and maximum 2.5 mm ± 0.5 mm for
application by screeding, trowelling or extrusion methods.
Applying drop-on glass beads
Application Rate: Achieve coverage of not less than the application rates shown in Table
9.3. Application rate to be strictly adhered to unless specified otherwise.
Table 9.3 – Anti-skid material application rates
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Glass Bead
Class/Size
Anti-skid Material
Application Rate
Class ‘B’
Class ‘C’
Class ‘D’
325 g/m2  25 g/m2
450 g/m2  25 g/m2
Line Application
Material
Not used
Transverse markings
Longitudinal markings
All
All
Longitudinal paint application: Incorporate Class ‘D’ glass beads uniformly in all coats of
paint concurrently with the application of the paint.
Transverse paint application: Apply Class ‘C’ glass beads uniformly to all coats of paint
concurrently with the application of the paint. Do not use Class ‘D’ beads for this
application.
Longitudinal Thermoplastic material and Two-part cold applied plastic material: Apply
Class ‘D’ glass beads immediately to the surface of the fresh plastic material. Incorporate
Class ‘C’ intermix beads uniformly and evenly through the thermoplastic material.
Transverse Thermoplastic material and Two-part cold applied plastic material: Apply
Class ‘C’ glass beads immediately to the surface of fresh plastic material. Incorporate
Class ‘C’ intermix beads uniformly and evenly through the thermoplastic material.
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Applying anti-skid material
Application rate: Where an anti-skid treatment is required, achieve coverage of not less
than the application rates shown in Table 9.4.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Table 9.4 – Anti-skid material application rates
Glass Bead
Class/Size
Anti-skid Material
Application Rate
Class ‘B’
Class ‘C’
Class ‘D’
175 g/m2  25 g/m2
250 g/m2  25 g/m2
Line Application
Material
Not used
Transverse markings
Longitudinal markings
All
All
Waterborne paint: Incorporate anti-skid material in all coats of paint concurrently with the
application of the paint.
Thermoplastic material: Apply anti-skid material immediately to the molten thermoplastic
material.
Two-part cold applied material: Apply the anti-skid material immediately to the fresh plastic
material.
Applying pavement marking tape
Undertake surface preparation, tape installation and removal (where necessary) in
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
Applying raised pavement markers
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Using soft adhesive: Place adhesive pad on road surface and heat to
manufacturer/supplier requirements. Place raised pavement marker directly to heated pad.
Using hard and mid-range adhesive: Butter back of marker with prepared adhesive to
manufacturer/supplier requirements. Place raised pavement marker directly to road
surface.
Alignment and finish
Protection: Protect newly placed pavement markings from damage by traffic or other
causes until the paint is dry (no pick up condition) or thermoplastic material has hardened
sufficiently. Use approved traffic management procedures.
Improper markings: Remove immediately from the pavement surface any drip, overspray,
improper marking, and paint and thermoplastic material tracked by traffic. Use methods
that minimise damage to the pavement surface (abrasive blasting is the preferred method).
Appearance: Completed pavement markings must be uniform, have clean and well defined
edges without running or deformation, and conform to the dimensions shown on the
drawings.
Longitudinal lines: Lines must be straight on straight alignment and a true arc on curved
alignment.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Arrows and letters: Place parallel to the centre alignment of the traffic lane.
Tolerances: Conform to the values specified in Table 9.5.
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
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Table 9.5 – Pavement marking tolerances
Dimension
Tolerance
Longitudinal lines
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Width of line
 10 mm
Width of gap between adjacent lines
Length of line and/or gap
- New construction
- Reseals and asphalt overlays
 10 mm
 100 mm
 300 mm
Lateral Placement from spotting
- New construction
- Reseals and asphalt overlays
 20 mm
 40 mm
 25 mm
< 15 mm in 10 m
Lateral Placement from existing line (repaints)
Trueness of line
Transverse markings
Dimension of transverse markings and shapes
 20 mm
 20 mm
 20 mm
Placement from spotting
Placement from existing markings
Raised pavement markers
Lateral position
- Barrier and edge line
- Broken line
- Flush medians
+ 25 mm, - 50 mm from longitudinal line
 20 mm
 20 mm
Longitudinal position
- New construction
- Replacement
9.4
 100 mm
 300 mm
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
Marking dimensions and layout
Pavement markings (longitudinal lines, transverse lines, symbology, lettering, raised
pavement markers and the like) should be installed as per Brisbane City Council Drawings
No. UMS 841 to UMS 852. Where no BCC standard exists, refer to the Queensland
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) 2003.
Road hierarchy
Table 9.5 – Road Hierarchy Types and Descriptions
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Hierarchy Plan Road Type
Description
Local Access Routes
(50kph, Including LATM schemes)
Provide for individual property access and on-carriageway
parking
Neighbourhood Access Routes
(50kph, Including LATM schemes)
Collect low volumes of local traffic and provide direct
property access and on-carriageway parking, often a local
bus route.
District Access or Suburban Routes
(Generally 50-60kph)
Connect arterial routes through and around suburbs and/or
carry primarily district-based traffic
Industrial Access/CBD)
Generally 50kph)
Provide for individual property access by trucks in industrial
areas and link to district access routes
Arterial Routes
(Generally 60kph and greater)
Provide intra-regional connections between major activity
centres and residential areas of the City, also CDB
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
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A diagram of the road hierarchy concept plan is shown in Figure 9.1.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Figure 9.1 – Road hierarchy concept plan
Colour Application
White markings: The installation of standard pavement markings (longitudinal, transverse
lines and symbology) shall be white for all markings, with the following exceptions;
Yellow markings: The following pavement marking types are to be completed in yellow
material:

“No Stopping” zones (longitudinal edge lines);

Bus stopping zones;

Bicycle symbols in “Bicycle Awareness Zones”;

Crosshatch markings at railway crossings to Queensland Department of Main Roads
Drawing No. TC1428.
Specialist pavement markings: There are special colour requirements for the installation of
bus, transit and dedicated bicycle lanes, which require a coloured pavement treatment.
Coloured pavement surface treatments for a local area traffic management (LATM)
schemes fulfil a critical traffic function and they are to be installed or re-instated with an
appropriate system. For acceptable material and colour details, refer Section 7 of this
Specification.
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
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Table 9.5 – Longitudinal lines material: material application requirements
Hierarchy Plan Road Type
Line Type
Material
Local and Neighbourhood
Access Routes
(Other than LATM schemes)
All Longitudinal Lines and
Bikeway Markings
Waterborne paint
LATM Schemes
All Longitudinal Lines
Longlife material
Centrelines on all roads
Longlife material
Lane lines on Multi-Lane roads
Longlife material
Island outlines
Waterborne paint
Edge lines
(Non-bicycle facilities)
Longlife material
Edge lines
(Bicycle facilities)
Waterborne paint/Cold
Applied Plastic
Continuity lines
Longlife material
All Longitudinal Lines
Waterborne paint
All Longitudinal Lines except
Island outlines
Longlife material
Island outlines
Waterborne paint
District Access, Suburban and
Arterial Routes
(Generally 60kph and greater)
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Industrial Routes (Light)
Industrial Routes (Heavy)/CBD
*
Continuity lines across intersections (where required) are to be completed in a longlife material.
Table 9.5 – Transverse markings (including symbology): material application
requirements
*
Hierarchy Plan Road Type
Line Type
Material
Local and Neighbourhood
Access Routes
All Transverse Markings
Longlife material
District Access, Suburban and
Arterial Routes
(Generally 60kph and greater)
All Transverse Markings
Longlife material
Industrial Routes/CBD
All Transverse Markings
Longlife material
All Roads except LATM
Schemes
Chevron markings
Waterborne paint
LATM Schemes
Chevron markings
Longlife material
All transverse markings (with the exception of chevron markings) are to be treated with an antiskid material at application.
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
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Symbology and markings
Any symbology (other than bicycle facilities) not covered by the sections above shall be
completed in waterborne paint.
Pedestrian crossings
Pedestrian (“Zebra”) crossings are to be completed to Brisbane City Council Drawing No.
UMS 842 in a long life material with anti-skid additives or a Type 2 Skid Resistant material
as outlined in Section 7.
Bicycle facilities
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Any markings in or along bicycle facilities are to be completed in waterborne paint or
sprayed cold applied plastic material ensuring that the finished thickness of the material
does not exceed 1.0 mm + 0.5 mm -0.0mm. Hot applied thermoplastic is not to be used for
these installations.
The installation of raised retroreflective pavement markers is to be avoided in bicycle
areas. Where they must be used (island tails, hydrant markers and longitudinal lines on
major roads), the raised retroreflective pavement markers is to be placed out of the direct
bicycle wheel path.
Raised retroreflective pavement markers – longitudinal markings
For longitudinal markings, raised retroreflective pavement markers are only to be used for
the centreline, lane and edge line marking of District Access, Suburban and Arterial
Routes. Raised retroreflective pavement markers are not to be used on any other
longitudinal line marking. Raised retroreflective pavement markers to be installed on
longitudinal markings as shown in to Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 844.
Raised retroreflective pavement markers – island tails and medians
Raised retroreflective pavement markers to be used in painted island tails and medians as
shown in to Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 845.
Fire hydrant markers
Blue Raised retroreflective pavement markers are to be installed to mark fire hydrants as
per Brisbane Water Standard Drawings No. 486/4/25-WB010/1 to 486/4/25-WB010/13.
Raised retroreflective pavement markers – other locations
Raised pavement markers are not to be used on transverse markings or symbology. See
bicycle requirements above.
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
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10.0 OTHER SURFACE FEATURES
Road edge guide posts: Comply with Standard Drawing UMS 131 and the relevant
requirements of Queensland Department of Main Roads standard specification MRS 11.14
Road Furniture. Refer annexure.
Steel beam guardrail: Components and general installation to comply with the relevant
requirements of Queensland Department of Main Roads standard specification MRS 11.14
Road Furniture. Testing requirements to conform to AS/NZS 3845.
Amend #3
– Jan 08
Non-flared gating guardrail end terminals: Comply with Standard Drawing UMS 134, the
relevant requirements of Queensland Department of Main Roads ‘Road Safety Barrier
Systems & End Treatments’ Manual and requirements of US Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) NCHRP 350 Test Level 2 (TL2 – certified up to 70kph). Evidence
of testing and compliance to be submitted for approval.
Energy absorbing bollard (including guardrail end terminals): Submit independent evidence
of testing showing end terminal system rated to (or above) 60kph for installation in an
urban environment.
Revision 3.0 – January 2008
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