Assistive Technology and the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act
(AODA) - 2010
In this document:
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What is Assistive Technology?
What is a disability?
Disabilities and assistive technology?
Assistive technology and the Accessibility for Ontario with Disabilities Act (AODA)
Assistive technology resources for public libraries
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
What is “Assistive Technology”?
According to the US Assistive Technology Act 1998, assistive technology is “any item, piece of
equipment, product or system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is
used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities”.
http://www.ldanatl.org/pdf/assistive_tech.pdf .
The Final Proposed Accessible Information and Communications Standard [
http://www.mcss.gov.on.ca/mcss/english/pillars/accessibilityOntario/accesson/business/custome
r/ ] states, “Assistive technology is equipment or software that assists people with disabilities;
examples include screen readers and voice input software.” This can be anything from low-tech
book holder, to a high-tech touch-screen computer monitor.
What is a disability?
The Ontario Human Rights Code [ http://www.elaws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90h19_e.htm ]defines “disability” as:
a. any degree of physical disability, infirmity, malformation or disfigurement that is caused by
bodily injury, birth defect or illness and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes
diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, a brain injury, any degree of paralysis, amputation, lack of physical
co-ordination, blindness or visual impediment, deafness or hearing impediment, muteness or
speech impediment, or physical reliance on a guide dog or other animal or on a wheelchair or
other remedial appliance or device;
b. a condition of mental impairment or a developmental disability;
c. a learning disability, or a dysfunction in one or more of the processes involved in
understanding or using symbols or spoken language;
d. a mental disorder; or
e. an injury or disability for which benefits were claimed or received under the insurance plan
established under the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997 (“handicap”).
The following link from the Ministry of Community and Social Services further defines different
types of disabilities and provides links to information about communicating with individuals with
disabilities: http://www.mcss.gov.on.ca/mcss/english/topics/pop_ado_needs.htm
Here are several categories of disability:
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Vision disabilities
Hearing impairments
Physical disabilities
Intellectual and developmental disabilities
Learning disabilities
Mental health disabilities
Speech or language impairments
Deaf-blind disabilities
Disabilities and Assistive Technology
The following is a list of disabilities and the most commonly used assistive devices as described
in Participation and Activity Limitation Survey 2006: A Profile of Assistive Technology for People
with Disabilities (PALS) [
http://www.accesson.ca/NR/rdonlyres/00000d03/frhzctdnshnezfqqxhgtjrnunptzmrkw/2006assisti
vetechnologies.pdf ]:
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Hearing – hearing aids
Seeing – magnifiers
Communication – computer or keyboard devices
Mobility – canes or walking sticks
Agility – grasping tools or reach extenders
Pain – hot or cold aids
Learning – home computers
Other needs – respiratory aids
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In the library context, assistive technologies are used primarily to provide or increase access to
library-related goods and services for people with disabilities. Examples include magnification
and amplification devices, page-turners, enhancements to computer workstations, text-tospeech software, etc.
Assistive Technology and the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act
(AODA)
For detailed information about the AODA, including the standards, relevant documents and
training materials, visit www.accesson.ca .
A. Customer Service Standard
The customer Service Standard was adopted by the Ontario government in 2007 in the form
of Ontario Regulation 429/07, http://www.search.e-laws.gov.on.ca/en/isysquery/fd5b5a8f237f-4597-bb54-b5d141afb014/3/frame/?search=browseStatutes&context=
The Customer Service Standard requires that all providers of goods or services develop a
policy on allowing people to use their own personal assistive devices to access the goods
and services provided and on any situations where such use may not be permitted. Personal
assistive devices are such things as walkers, white canes used by people who are blind or
who have low vision, note-taking devices and personal oxygen tanks to assist breathing.
In addition, the policy should address any measures the organization offers to enable people
with disabilities to access its goods and use its services. This may include assistive devices,
services or methods offered such as alternate formats of documents, or assistance of a staff
person. (Adapted from the Guide to the Accessibility Standards for Customer Service,
Ontario Regulation 429/07, section 6-b, no. 3 and 4. http://209.167.40.96/units/unit_custserv-reg/doc_guide/lang_en/files/Guide_to_the_Accessibility_Standards_for_CS_EN.pdf )
B. Draft Proposed Accessible Information and Communications Standard
The Proposed Accessible Information and Communication (IC) Standard has been submitted
to the Ontario government but has not yet been adopted.
The proposed IC Standard aims to make information and communications in the province
accessible for most people.
Within the context of the proposed IC Standard, assistive technology relates primarily to
communication supports and services. Appendix ‘A’ of the proposed standard lists a number
of “accessible options”, including:
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assistive listening system
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guides and stabilizers
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speech and/or voice recognition
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alternative keyboards
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augmentative and alternative communication devices
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in-screen keyboards
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alternative pointing devices
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configurable keyboard access utilities including key activation delay
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repeat delay and/or a single finger utility
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word completion or prediction utility
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alternative input device
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keyboard modifications
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pointing device alternatives
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enlarged buttons or controls with increased spacing
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guides, stabilizers and tactile labels to assist in activating buttons and controls
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voice input
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mechanical keypad input alternative
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audio interface
People with disabilities may use one or more assistive technologies in communicating with
others or in getting information.
Assistive Technology Resources for Public Libraries
In the public library context, the primary aim of assistive technology is to improve access to
library resources and services for people with disabilities.
The following resources are suggested based on their appropriateness for shared use in a
public library setting and have been divided into three categories: Hardware, Software, and Low
Cost Tools.
For each type of technology, a brief outline has been provided, which includes:
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Description What the technology does and how it can be used in a public library.
Target Group The type of disabled individual who might make use of this service. Note
that some assistive technology may be used by individuals with different types of disabilities.
Not all of the types of disabilities that could benefit from the use of the technology are listed.
Cost Range Approximate cost in US dollars. This information is not always available, as
many vendors do not post price information on websites, and many of the product prices
vary depending upon package options.
Models Examples of products that fall under the category (not recommendations to buy).
Links Links to pictures, descriptions and/or information about the product (some links are to
vendors).
Points to keep in mind when planning to purchase assistive technology:
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Software system requirements may not be compatible with all printers, scanners, sound
cards and computers.
Some assistive technology devices require the purchase of additional software not
included in the original package in order to operate.
The expressed needs, format preferences, goals, and educational requirements of
people in the community should be considered. If possible, libraries should hold
consultations or focus group meetings to determine the preferences of individuals with
disabilities in their community.
Libraries should consult with other local staff, professionals, universities, colleges, and
other libraries to find out what assistive technologies are already in use in the
community.
Assistive technology should be as intuitive as possible and require little training and
retraining of staff and patrons. Consider the training time required on the device for both
staff and patrons. Some patrons may not want to use a device if it takes a long time to
learn how to use it.
Avoid complex and expensive options that patrons are unlikely to use. Seek information
about low cost or free options (such as those listed at the link below).
Try to find out what personal assistive technologies users may have access to and use
in their home. These are likely the types of technologies that they would also want to
use in the library.
If possible, download trial products for trial periods before deciding on what assistive
software to purchase.
Research licensing agreements and upgrade policies and be aware of how many
computers the software can be used on.
Find out the level of technical support the vendor is able and willing to provide.
Try to determine the number of users who will benefit from the technology, keeping in
mind that the technology may be useful for individuals with different types of disabilities
as well as individuals without disabilities.
Useful links
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Top Website for free, trial, and inexpensive assistive technology – Adaptech [
http://adaptech.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/fandi_e.php ], a research centre in Montreal’s Dawson
College, provides links to free, short-term trial, and inexpensive adaptive technology,
some of which can be downloaded online. Note: While the links are mostly still relevant,
some of the information on the website is outdated.
Top Website for finding consultants and assistive device companies within Canada Industry Canada’s comprehensive Information and Communication Technologies, List
of Assistive Device Companies [ http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ict-tic.nsf/eng/h_it06119.html ]
provides links to companies which can be searched by province and disability, as well as
alphabetically. It includes links to accommodation consultants, accessible web consultants
and multiple format companies and provides a short and long description of each.
Hardware
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CCTV/Desktop Video Magnifiers
Handheld Video Magnifiers
Scanning and Optical Character Recognition Scanners
DAISY Digital Audio Portable Players/DAISY Readers
Touch Screens/Monitors
ITY
TTY or TTD
Page Turner
Alternative Access/Computer Input Alternatives:
1. Alternative/Augmented Keyboards (Large Keys, Customization,
Ergonomic, Adjustable Keyboards, One-handed)
2. Portable Keyboards/Lapboards
3. Braille Keyboard
Alternative mouse/Alternative pointing devices
1. Joysticks
2. Trackballs
3. TrackPads/Touchpads
4. Switches and Switch Software
5. Head/Eye Controlled Input and Tracking Devices
Screen Magnifiers
Refreshable Braille Display
Braille Embossers
Braille Note-taker/Braille Note-taking Device
Software
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Before purchasing software, the library should ensure that the software desired is compatible
with the destination computer’s operating system and any other software and hardware
necessary to run the software.
Note: To avoid duplication and limit costs, it is important to be aware of what options and
assistive technologies are already available through the software that the library currently owns
and that patrons already use. For instance, Windows Vista includes speech recognition and
text-to-speech software, an on-screen keyboard, a magnifier, and other assistive technology
that can be used with Microsoft products. Information about these products and tutorials for
these products are available online on the Microsoft website [
http://www.microsoft.com/enable/default.aspx ].
Most software programs today allow users to alter font size, change colours for improved
contrast, and add or modify audio without purchasing additional software.
“Sticky keys” is an option available with most software. It is for people with a physical disability
that limits their ability to hold down several keys simultaneously and allows a user to type one
key at a time instead of holding down multiple keys (e.g. CTRL-ALT-DEL).
As well, libraries may be able to save on costs by downloading Free Sotware online. One
website for finding free and inexpensive software online can be found at:
http://adaptech.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/fandi_e.php. It is important to keep in mind that free
software may not have the same level of sophistication and choice as purchased software.
However, it may be the best option for libraries that only use the software occasionally.
Some software products geared towards individuals with learning disabilities may have
application for more than one type of disability. For instance, Read and Write Standard and
Gold provide both word prediction and voice recognition software as well as speech input. Much
assistive technology can also be useful for people without disabilities and second language
learners.
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Text-to-Speech Software
Screen Reading Software
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Software
Optical Braille Recognition (OBR)
Screen Magnification Software/Text Enlargement Displays
Speech-to-Text/Voice Command or Recognition Software
On-Screen Keyboards
Word Prediction Software
DAISY Digital Audio Software
Publishing/Authoring Software
Animated Signing Characters (Signing Avatars)
Communication Board Software
Dwell and Click Software
Braille Translation Software
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Low Cost Tools
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Large Print Keyboard/Keytop Labels
Braille Keyboard/Keytop Labels
Book Holders/Reading Stands
Headphones
Handheld or Clip-On Pocket Magnifiers
Magnifying Lamps
Microphones
Reading Glasses
Hand-held Pen Scanners/Personal Reading Assistants
Keyguards
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Hardware
CCTV/Video Magnifiers
Description For users wishing to view a larger version of an image or text that is not
available in a format which can be used with a computer (for instance, with hand-written
materials or materials not published online), CCTV is very valuable. The Closed Circuit
Television System (CCTV) or Video Magnifier, is a magnification system with a black
and white or colour monitor able to enlarge text up to 60 times from print materials in any
print format (magazines, hand-written documents, print photographs ect.). This makes
print materials in the library accessible to individuals with low vision. The CCTV uses a
small camera for high-resolution images on a monitor. They often include the ability for
many different levels of magnification and one can change background colour and colour
combinations and many contain options such as auto-focus. Some video magnifiers
allow one to increase the size of objects across the room and others are portable and
project the image onto a white screen. For lower-cost magnification devices that are
portable, Handheld Video Magnifiers and hand-held or clip-on magnifying devices
may be preferred (in “low cost tools” section).
Target Group For people with low vision
Cost Range 300-4000$ US
Models Humanware, deskmate (mobile), PocketViewer
Links Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=9
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=82&s[search]=cctv
Handheld Video Magnifiers
Description These portable devices provide the video magnification of a CCTV in a
portable, lightweight format, often with a much smaller screen. The quality of the image
and magnification is high quality, much like that of a CCTV. This category covers a
variety of types of handheld magnification devices. Some are self-contained, while
others are portable but need to be hooked up to a computer monitor or TV in order to
perform their function. Many look much like a digital camera and can be used to capture
and enhance images as well. For those who struggle with a single, fixed magnifying
lens, and want adjustable magnification. For patrons who require a larger screen, or if
the library wishes to purchase a magnifier that is stationary, a CCTV would be
preferable.
Target Group For individuals with vision disabilities.
Cost Range 200-3000$ US
Models Portable Senseview, Amigo, Flipper, Clarity has several models
Links Agora: http://www.aroga.com/lv_portable_cctv.asp
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Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=51&s[search]=cctv
Scanning and Optical Character Recognition Scanner (OCR, scans and reads paper
documents, form filler software, scan and zoom software, scanning and reading
software)
Description Scans and converts the printed page into e-text, which can then be displayed
on a computer monitor or sometimes a screen attached to the device itself. This allows
the text to be edited, or used with word processing software. Certain models don’t
require a computer and are able to scan and provide audio output for printed materials
on their own. While some systems include both a scanner and the Optical Character
Recognition (OCR) software to make the text editable or audible, others do not. After
the item is scanned, OCR software converts the page into a standard computer file.
OCR is necessary to use screen readers or refreshable Braille displays, which are
generally used with patrons with low vision or who are blind, patrons who have learning
disabilities and patrons with physical disabilities. If the library already owns scanners
that would be available for use with assistive technology workstations, it may not be
necessary to buy any new scanning device(s), as any scanner can generally be used
with OCR software, without the need to purchase additional scanners. However, having
both the scanner and software together is convenient. Scanners with OCR are generally
very user-friendly. Scanners come in various forms such as regular scanners and handheld pen scanners (for more on the hand-held pen scanners, see low cost tools
section).
Target Group For individuals with vision or learning disabilities.
Cost Range For the scanner, the prices range from 75-3000$
Models CrossScanner, Ovation, Wizpen, VERA (scans and reads on its own)
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Scanning-Reading
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s%5btitle%5d=Y&s%5bs
hort_desc%5d=Y&s%5bfull_desc%5d=Y&s%5bsku%5d=Y&s%5bmatch%5d=all&s%5bc
id%5d=90&s%5bsearch
DAISY Digital audio portable players/DAISY Readers
Description For libraries that carry ‘talking books’ in DAISY format. DAISY stands for
“Digital Audio-based Information System” and is an internationally recognized format
created especially for individuals with print disabilities, including patrons who are blind or
have low vision, patrons with learning disabilities and patrons with physical disabilities.
DAISY books can combine audio, text and graphics together. While computer software
that reads DAISY format is available, DAISY-compatible players that are portable and
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may be borrowed are ideal, as not all uses will have their own player at home (Initiative
for Equitable Library Access, Library and Archives Canada). However, each player is
quite costly and expensive to replace. While mp3 and mobile phones are sometimes
able to be used to access the DAISY books, they do not allow for all of the features of
the DAISY players, and may not be able to display all of the materials of the DAISY book
(eg: graphics). With a DAISY player, when one presses a button, the player tells one
what the button does. They are often easier to use than portable cassette, CD, and mp3
players, as the players generally contain larger buttons and are easier to operate. As
well, unlike with books on cassette and CD, the entire volume can generally be
contained on one disc. DAISY players also contain special features, as they imitate a
physical book in its capabilities, as most allow the user to go forwards and backwards,
make bookmarks, pause, speed up or slow down, read or ignore footnotes and jump
from chapter to chapter, header to header or page to page. They combine the functions
of e-text and audio players, also allowing the book to be searchable. Some players
allow users to store files on a memory card (sold separately).
Target Group For users with vision disabilities or who are blind, for people with learning
disabilities and people with physical disabilities. The DAISY consortium suggests that
some users with learning disabilities may benefit from listening to the book on a DAISY
player while they read a print copy of the book at the same time.
Cost Range 250$ - 900$ US
Models Humanware, Plextalk, Victor, Telex
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/daisy/players/Default.aspx
Frontier Computing:
http://www.frontiercomputing.on.ca/comersus/store/comersus_listItems.asp?idCategory=
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Touch Screens/Monitors
Description Touch screens replace a pointing input device. Touch screens are activated
by a touch of the screen, without the use of a keyboard, mouse, or other input device.
Touch screens are placed directly on a computer monitor or exist as integrated units.
The screen is sensitive to touch and can be used with fingers, pointing pens, toes and
even prostheses, depending on the screen. For users with a variety of disabilities, touch
screens allow the user quick and easy input to a computer. They are easy to learn how
to use, making them especially convenient for use by children and individuals who do
not have a great deal of time to be trained on how to use a device.
Target Group For users with visual, physical and learning disabilities
Cost Range 180-1000$ US
Models Magic Touch Touchscreen, TouchWindow, Touch Monitor, One Touch
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Touch-Screens
Agora: http://www.aroga.com/pa_touchscreen.asp
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=118&s[search
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ITY (Intertype, UbiDuo)
Description An interactive system which allows for in-person communication between two
or more individuals with a small keyboard and monitor, much like online ‘chatting’, but
the devices must be used in the same location. Consists of two connected (via cords or
wireless) keyboards and monitors that are very light and resemble small laptops.
Messages can be typed back and forth rapidly with people who are deaf, hard-ofhearing, or non-verbal all with strong typing skills. Can also be connected to a PC
running the communication software to enable computer-to-ITY communication
capabilities. Some models are wireless and portable, containing battery packs, but may
be connected to a computer through a USB port in order to allow users to allow up to
four people to type to each other at once. Library staff can use this technology to
communicate with library patrons. Unfortunately, these devices are not compatible with
any PCs. In lieu of this technology, for users who do not have strong typing abilities, or
for shorter messages, it may be preferable to use a simple pen and paper method to
communicate, or to use Communication Board software (listed in the software section).
Also, library staff may want to use their own chat software to communicate with patrons
on public computer workstations located within the library.
Target Group For patrons who are deaf, hard-of-hearing, or non-verbal.
Cost Range 1,000-3,000 $ US
Models Interpretype, UbiDuo
Links Ubiduo: http://www.scommonline.com/aboutUbiDuo
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/TDD-TTYs/Interpretype
TTY or TTD
Description TTY (or teletypewriters) are also known as TTD (telecommunication Devices
for the Deaf). A TTY is a device for the deaf that sends and receives typed messages
over a telephone line or by using an operator to translate the conversation by typing the
message to the person with the disability and verbally communicating the message to
the hearing party (this service is called a Relay Service). The hearing party need not
have a specialized TTY phone. This would enable library patrons who are deaf or have
hearing disabilities to communicate with library staff. With the current popularity of email
and chat as communication methods, TTY may not be as relevant in today’s libraries,
and may not be the first form of communication used, but may still be the method of
communication of choice for some library users. Libraries need to keep in mind who
their patrons are and their comfort level with the internet. As well, if chat service hours
are limited and emails to the library are not answered immediately, users may prefer to
receive a direct response through TTY, rather than have to wait to receive an answer.
Some TTY phones allow deaf or hard of hearing patrons who wish to use their voice to
speak on the phone but allow them to have the opposite side of the conversation typed
back to them. Bell Canada Relay Service provides operators who relay the messages
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for free (although long distance charges still apply). A combination TTY, telephone and
amplified phone is available for purchase for libraries with various client needs. Also,
some TTYs contain memory or printers for users who may want to save the
conversation. Some also contain an answering machine that will save and print TTY
messages received. Many can be easily plugged in or unplugged and replaced with a
standard phone as needed, which is useful for libraries who would like a TTY phone but
would not get enough use out of it to warrant a separate phone line just for TTY. Some
libraries may want to purchase phones with VCO as well, which allows the user to speak
into the machine, but receives a TTY message in response, as they are usually hard of
hearing. Libraries that are only receiving TTY and VCO calls need not have a special
telephone, as the Relay Service operator will be able to transfer the message verbally,
however, if they do have a TTY phone they will be able to receive calls without the use of
a Relay Operator. If they are receiving a high number of TTY calls, the library may wish
to purchase a TTY phone and line. Also, a TTY phone would be required in order to
provide free local telephone access for library patrons with hearing disabilities or who are
deaf.
Target Group For people who are deaf or have hearing disabilities
Cost Range 250-1000$ US
Models For telephone TTY calls, Minicom IV, Compact/C, Supercom 4400, Miniprint,
Superprint Series. For online TTY calls, Nex Talk-VM (now discontinued) and SoftTTY
Links Canadian Hearing Society:
https://www.canadianhearingsociety.com/chsshop/shopdisplayproducts.asp?id=56&cat=
Text+Telephones+TTYs%2FTDDs
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/TDDTTYs;jsessionid=0a01074e1f43244b0a732c2c413a81a9dbe68697adde.e3eTaxeKbh0T
e34Pa38Ta38Pa350
Page Turner
Description Allows patrons with physical disabilities to turn pages on books, magazines,
and other documents through the use of a switch, joystick or remote control while the
book is held by the mechanism as well. Most machines allow pages to be turned
forwards, backwards and pages skimmed. Does not include controls, as control can
vary from user to user, however, they can be used with most environmental controls,
such as switches and joysticks. Some machines are large and stationary while others
resemble small computer monitors and contain a handle for easier transportation. Some
can be tilted, allowing a patron to read lying down. In order for a patron to use this
device, a staff member must only connect and secure the document for reading, and
connect and position the control device selected for use. While this technology is costly,
its function is not duplicated by any other devices.
Target Group For users with physical disabilities who have trouble turning pages.
Cost Range 4000-7000$ US
Models GEWA, Touch Turner
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Hardware/GEWA-Page-Turner
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Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=product_detail&p=501
Alternative Access/Computer Input Alternatives
Alternative Access/Computer Input Alternatives are tools that allow users to control their
keyboard and mouse without the use of a standard keyboard or pointing device. They allow
the user to provide input to their computer in a way that is easier or more comfortable for
them than a traditional keyboard and mouse. These devices are for use by individuals with
physical disabilities or vision disabilities or people who are blind. They may also be used by
individuals with learning disabilities. Library users may need these devices in order to
access the internet, your catalogue, or other computer software. Some
alternative/augmented keyboards come with a built-in alternative mouse/alternative pointing
device, such as a joystick or trackball, eliminating the need to purchase an additional
alternative input device. Some users may not use a keyboard at all, and may use an
alternative pointing device/alternative mouse alone with on-screen keyboard software.
Alternative/Augmented keyboards (large keys, micro-keyboards, and customization)
Description Alternative keyboards come in a variety of shapes, sizes and styles to suit
various different types of users with disabilities with a variety of needs. Alternative
keyboards may have larger keys than regular keyboards or have different colours of
keys for better visibility. These devices also come in various sizes and layouts to
provide for individuals with different needs. They can provide increased efficiency
control and comfort. They use different tools and can be one-handed, numerical, or
used with a wand or pen. Alternative keyboards may also be created by simply using
large print or Braille Labels that can go over the keys of a regular keyboard, as listed
under “low cost tools”. On-Screen Keyboard Software can also be used to substitute a
physical keyboard and is listed under the software section of this list.
Target Group For users with low vision or who are blind. Also for users who are physically
disabled.
Cost Range 60 – 700$ US. Large Keys – 40-150$
Models Zoomtext large Print keyboard, EZ-Reach 2020 (for repetitive strain injuries),
Goldtouch Ergonomic Adjustable keyboard, Ergodex DX1 Input System, BigKeys
Links Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=9
Neil Squire Solutions: http://solutions.neilsquire.ca/kot-pitawoh-ak.htm
Portable keyboards/lapboards
Description Keyboards that provide a great deal of mobility; they may be used at any
computer station, allowing patrons in wheelchairs to reposition the keyboard for better
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access to or visibility of the keys. The keyboard may be placed on a lap or wheelchair.
Portable keyboards generally have a stand and are able to rotate on the stand. Some of
them consist of portable laptop devices that are lightweight, contain a small screen, and
are intended for word processing. Some models are marketed to be used for
educational purposes for children and contain Word Prediction software. The low cost
of portable keyboards is attractive, but they only display a few (four to 16) lines of text on
a small display. The wireless keyboards and mini notebook computers common today
may be enough to fill any purpose required within the library environment. Therefore,
this device may not be necessary for purchase by libraries that already use wireless
keyboards and/or mini notebook computers.
Target Group For users who are physically disabled. Also for users with low vision or who
are blind.
Cost Range 130 - 450$ US
Models AlphaSmart (Dana and Neo models), Laser PC6
Links Secrest: http://www.secrest.ca/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=1
Neo Direct: http://www.neo-direct.com/intro.aspx
Braille Keyboard
Description Contains keys with Braille characters as well as letters set up in QWERTY
format, making it accessible to both individuals with vision disabilities and those who
have none. As with large print keyboards, new keyboards aren’t the only solution;
keyboard/keytop labels are also available for purchase and listed under “low cost
tools”.
Target Group For patrons with low vision or patrons who are blind.
Cost Range 300$-6000$ US
Models Braille Sense Plus QWERTY
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog?search=braille+keyboard
Humanware: http://www.humanware.com/en-canada/products/blindness/braillenotes
Alternative mouse/pointing devices
These devices: the joystick, the trackball, the trackpad and the switch, replace the mouse
and offer an alternative method of pointing that requires limited or no movement from the
fingers. They allow the user greater control over the mouse than a traditional mouse would
and are for users who find a traditional mouse difficult and frustrating to control. While some
devices may have left and right click buttons, others consist of a smooth round ball free from
buttons. Some include software to make the mouse more visible and may be useful for
patrons with low vision. A separate “arm” or mounting device can be purchased separately
to more easily adjust the positioning for patrons with physical disabilities. These devices
may require one to upload specialized software, but if so, the software will always come with
the product. Some of these devices include software which allows one to slow down the
movement of the cursor on-screen for users with physical disabilities and low vision. These
15
alternative devices can be used in conjunction with Dwell and Click software (listed in the
“software” section) to slow down the pace of the cursor; filtering out unintentional
movements and making the cursor more visible for individuals with low vision. These
alternative mice are for individuals with physical disabilities, particularly limited motor skills,
or vision disabilities.
Joystick
Description A Joystick allows the user smooth control of the cursor and generally contains
buttons for left and right clicking. Power wheelchair users may be accustomed to certain
brands of a joystick’s movement, which would increase their ability to control the joystick
over other alternative input devices. The grip of each joystick is a unique size and
shape, usually a ball or t-shape. Some come with an adjustable grip that would increase
its usability for a variety of users. Others may be controlled by a mouth or chin.
Target Group For users with physical disabilities.
Cost Range 200-750$ US
Models Tash Joystick, SAM Joystick, Rock Joystick, Point It
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog?search=joystick
Agora: http://www.aroga.com/pa_rollerII_family.asp
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=145&s[search
Trackballs
Description A Trackball uses a smooth round ball to allow the mouse to be controlled using
the palm of the hand or fingertips, and some allow one to use the foot. The trackballs
come in a variety of sizes to help with a variety of disabilities. The larger the trackball,
the less fine motor control is required. Some trackballs make use of a wrist rest and
wrist strap for better comfort. Others include cursor trail functions, allowing one to
display a trail behind the cursor on-screen, allowing it to become more visible.
Target Group For individuals with physical disabilities, especially those with limited fine
motor control or who have trouble maintaining a grip on a traditional mouse. Also for
individuals with low vision
Cost Range 50-400$ US
Models Roller Plus Trackball, Orbit Mouse, Expert Mouse Optical
Links Neil Squire Solutions: http://solutions.neilsquire.ca/oam-hawpwham-trackballs.htm
Agora: http://www.aroga.com/pa_rollerII_family.asp
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=26&s[search]=
TrackPads/Touchpads
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Description Allows the user to navigate the cursor using a soft touch against the flat, very
sensitive surface of the pad. Unlike with other mouse alternatives, the user does not
need to use any force to “click”, thus limiting movement required to operate the device.
Currently on many laptops.
Target Group For patrons who are unable to make the hand and wrist movements
necessary to navigate the joystick or the trackball due to physical disabilities.
Cost Range 40-350$ US
Models CRUISE TrackPad, iGesture Pad
Links Neil Squire Solutions: http://solutions.neilsquire.ca/oam-hawpwham-touchpads.htm
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=146&s[search
Switches
Description Switches are buttons which provide input to a computer when another mouse
alternative, such as a standard keyboard or mouse, isn’t possible. A set of switches
numbering between one to 5 allow the user to move the on-screen pointer and click.
Switches come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, colours, methods of activation and
placement options. Foot switches also exist. There are two other parts to the switch
that are generally sold separately: the USB transmitter/receiver (interface device) and its
software. The interface device and software is generally required in order to connect the
switch to a computer and interpret the actions of the switch. Some software programs
allow for on-screen-scanning, prompting the user to choose from a number of options. A
prompt that is either visual, auditory or both, provides options available to the user, at
which point the user may activate the switch in order for the prompted action to be taken.
Target Group For users who are physically disabled
Cost Range 40-700$ US for the switch, 100-200$ US for the software
Models Super-Switch, BIGtrack, software includes Dragger 32, Cross Scanner, Smartclick
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog?search=switches
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=117&s[search
Head/eye controlled input and tracking devices/ Jouse
Description User wears a device or tiny reflective dot on forehead, glasses, or another part
of the body facing the computer monitor. A computer camera/tracker allows the user to
manipulate the cursor through head movement, an infrared beam, eye movement, nerve
signals or brainwaves. Head and eye input can be used with an on-screen keyboard in
order to allow the user to enter text or data. Sometimes Dwell and Click software is
used with this device, often included as a part of a package for the device. Voice input
technology may be preferred by patrons capable of using this technology, and therefore,
17
this technology may not be required by some users who have physical disabilities.
Users of this technology would most likely not have mobility to use any alternative
keyboard or alternative mice due to physical disabilities.
Target Group For individuals with physical disabilities who cannot use an alternative
keyboard and mouse and require another method of input.
Cost Range Prices vary depending on the type of input device, from 400$ to 1500$ US US
for head input and up to 500$ for Eye tracking
Models Madentec Tracker, Headmouse Extreme, SmartNav
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Head-Eye-Controlled-Input
Neil Squire Solutions: http://solutions.neilsquire.ca/oam-hawpwham-headoperated.htm
Refreshable Braille Displays
Description A keyboard-sized machine which displays Braille characters electromagnetically, as it raises and lowers pins through holes in a flat surface, imitating Braille
dots. It can be used to read output from a computer such as emails, websites and text
files. As information is sent through a display, note taker, or computer, it is translated
into Braille on the device, which changes as additional information is provided. Some
models must be used with Braille translation software, while others contain the software
within themselves. Some models are portable and allow the displays to be used without
a computer. Other models are able to play DAISY format audio. Because speech
synthesizers can often be used to give audio output for blind or low vision patrons,
Braille displays may not be necessary for many blind patrons who prefer to receive the
information in audio format. Audio output in the form of speech synthesis is increasingly
used in conjunction with Braille displays to increase the accuracy of the interpretation of
what is on the computer screen for low vision patrons. However, this technology would
be important for users who are deafblind. Some Braille Displays are also Braille
Notetakers, which act as a keyboard for Braille, allowing the product to be used for both
input and output.
Target Group For blind patrons or patrons with low vision who are able to read Braille and
who would like to gain access to documents on the computer
Cost Range 1,700-14,000$ US
Models Tactile Dynamics has a few models. SyncBraille, BrailleSense, ALVA
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistivetech/products/braille/displays/default.aspx
Agora: http://www.aroga.com/b_brailledisplays.asp
Braille Embossers
Description A Braille embosser is used for printing documents in Braille. It may be
purchased by libraries with a large number of patrons who read Braille, allowing
computer generated text to be printed in Braille format (after being translated by Braille
Display software). The embosser must be used in conjunction with Braille
18
translation software that will translate the text from the standard word processing
program into Braille. Braille translation programs can translate the text from materials
into many different grades or versions of Braille. Some embossers are ink printers as
well, allowing for ink text to be printed with Braille so that users with some vision or an
individual reading with a person who is blind can read the print text as well. Embossers
can be single-sided printer or double-sided. Because speech synthesizers can often be
used to give audio output for blind or low vision patrons, Braille embossers may not be
the primary choice for many patrons with vision disabilities. However, some patrons may
enjoy using speech synthesizers with Braille print, to ensure the Braille document is
accurate. Be aware: because producing Braille through embossers) requires a strong
knowledge of the equipment, Braille transcribing and Braille proofing, producing Braille
in-house, they may not be appropriate for many public libraries (Manager’s Guide to
Multiple Formats). Unless the library has staff fluent in Braille, it would be best for public
libraries to use a professional Braille supplier for any materials to be created in Braille.
Target Group For blind patrons and low vision patrons who are able to read Braille
Cost Range 2,000 – 10,000$ US (does not include cost of Braille paper)
Models Enabling Technologies, Index Braille and Freedom Scientific have various models
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistivetech/products/braille/embossers/default.aspx Frontier Computing:
http://www.frontiercomputing.on.ca/comersus/store/comersus_listOneCategory.asp?idC
ategory=23
Braille Note-taker/Braille Note-taking Device
Description A Braille note-taker generally has six keys. It is a way for patrons who are
blind or have low vision to complete a variety of tasks, such as taking notes and surfing
the internet. As the Braille text is entered by the patron, it is usually displayed on a small
display or screen which is a part of the machine, but other output methods are also used.
Some contain audio for users to ensure the accuracy of the text they are producing.
Some newer models consist of a standard keyboard while others have a keyboard that
consists of six or eight keys. They are small and portable devices that may be
connected to a computer to save or the input may be saved on the device itself. It may
also be connected to a Braille embosser to be printed.
Target Group For users with low vision or who are blind and can read and write Braille
Cost Range Between 2,000 to 6,000$ US (the combination embossers and displays are
more costly)
Models Voice Sense Notetaker,
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistivetech/products/electronic/notetakers/default.aspx Agora:
http://www.aroga.com/b_notetakers.asp
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Software
Text-to-Speech Software
Description For users who want verification of what they are seeing in print: users with
learning disabilities or low vision. Because it does not read all system information and
does not make a website or document completely accessible through the full description
of the document (system information such as file structure or alt boxes), it is not an
accessible format for blind users. Screen reading software is more appropriate for
providing full accessibility to blind patrons but text-to-speech software is nonetheless
important and appropriate for users with low vision or users with learning disabilities.
Some people can see very well but have a disability that makes reading large groups of
text difficult or have a hard time sitting in front of the computer for an extended period.
For these people, pointing at a document and starting the reader works very well but
they don't require the help with navigating around windows that is provided in screenreading software. Also, text-to-speech software is useful for users who have low vision
and can read a document, but may stumble and would like the reassurance of what they
believe they are seeing. This product allows users to read more quickly and flawlessly.
Text-to-speech software is much more simple to write than screen-reading software and
is therefore less costly.
Target Group Users with learning disabilities or low vision
Cost Range Free-800$ US
Links Some text-to-speech software programs are available free online, but may not be
able to convert larger files and may not have as many features as other text-to-speech
software. However, for simple text, it may be all that is required. Free sources include
www.naturalreaders.com and http://sayzme.sourceforge.net
Screen Reading Software
Description As explained above, in the section for text-to-speech software, screen
reading software converts the text of a computer document into audio format using
synthesized speech. They are able to read text from any computer application, which
can then be converted into audio, Braille or other formats, such as large print. They can
read text on a web page, Microsoft Word document or other format. This software
enables patrons with vision disabilities to navigate the library website, access the library
catalogue, and search the internet, therefore it is a vital tool to have in the library.
Microsoft Office XP/2003 has screen reading software for Microsoft Word built into the
system. Screen reading software can allow the user to:





Read by word or letter
Highlight the text as it is read
Indicate the number of links on the page
Speed up or slow down the reading speed
Allow the user to use number pad keys to move the pointer
20

Can indicate information about the text size and font to better provide the layout
of the page
Target Group People with vision disabilities, learning disabilities
Cost Range 300 to 1000$ US
Models JAWS, WYNN, and WindowEyes
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistive-tech/work-life-techtools/default.aspx
Aroga: http://www.aroga.com/b_screenreading.asp
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Software
Description Converts the printed page into e-text, which can be displayed on a computer
monitor. This allows the text to be edited, or used with word processing software. While
some scanners include the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software to make the
text audible, others do not. OCR is necessary for screen readers and refreshable Braille
displays to be able to read the text that is scanned which are generally used with patrons
with low vision or who are blind, patrons who have learning disabilities, patrons with
physical disabilities. Hand-held pen scanners (for more on the hand-held pen
scanners, see low cost tools section) have built-in OCR software. After the item is
scanned, OCR software converts the page into a standard computer file. If the library
already owns scanners that would be available for use with assistive technology
workstations, it may not be necessary to buy any new scanning device(s), as any
scanner can generally be used with screen reading software alone, without the need to
purchase additional scanners, however, OCR software would need to be purchased.
Target Group For individuals with vision and learning disabilities.
Cost Range For the software, the price is free to 1000$ US, for the scanner, the prices
range from 75-3000$
Models CrossScanner, Ovation, Wizpen, VERA (scans and reads on its own)
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistivetech/products/scanning/default.aspx
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=112&s[search
Optical Braille Recognition (OBR)
Description Using a traditional scanner, this software reads Braille text and converts it to
print text that can be used in various applications. Works much as the optical character
recognition software does, except it scans in Braille characters instead of written text, but
as with OCR, it allows the user to edit and manipulate the text. Use of this software
does not require knowledge of Braille. It can also print Braille if the library has access to
a Braille Embosser.
Target Group People with vision disabilities or who are blind and can read Braille
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Cost Range 1200-1600$ US
Models NeoVision Optical Braille Recognition Software
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistivetech/products/scanning/obr.aspx
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog?search=optical+braille+recognition
Screen Magnification Software/Text Enlargement Displays
Description Able to magnify the parts of the computer screen the user selects. Allows for
magnification of a part of the text or images on the screen up to 64 times and allows one
to adjust magnification levels. Depending on the software, it can often capture screen
shots. These programs also often allow for inverted colours, enhanced pointer viewing
and tracking options. Some programs also have screen reading capabilities and speech
and Braille output, which the patron may also use to make screens accessible. Screen
magnification software will allow not only the library’s website and catalogue, but also the
internet and other software programs to become accessible to patrons with low vision.
Screen magnification software may not always be necessary, as most websites and
software programs allow one to adjust the font size, however, this is not capable with all
websites.
Target Group For people with vision disabilities
Cost Range Free to 1,200$ US
Models ZoomText or MAGic
Links Adaptech: http://adaptech.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/fandi_enewmagnify.php
Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=44&Itemid=9
Speech-to-text/Voice command or recognition software (VCR)
Description For library patrons who want to use the library computers but are unable to
create text or navigate the web using traditional or alternative input devices due to
physical, vision or learning disabilities. In short, it allows for voice-activated, hands-free
computer use. This technology allows the user to see the words they speak in print
format on the computer screen. It also allows users to control computer functions by
giving commands to the computer. This software is often time-consuming to set up for
the user, especially voice command functions, and it requires a great deal of time to train
the program to recognize the user’s voice. This technology is best suited for adult users
as it is difficult for the software to recognize children’s voices. Despite potential
drawbacks, this software is very useful, as it allows the user to dictate commands and
create text documents. It can also be used to browse the internet, and to navigate
among applications and menus by voice. One may also use this technology to translate
pre-recorded audio into text. Headphones should be used with the software so that the
audio output does not disturb other library patrons. There are two basic types of this
software. They are: discrete speech systems, requiring a short pause between words, or
22
continuous speech systems that allow one to speak continuously. The discrete speech
systems are ideal for students with speech difficulties but are rarer today, as the
continuous systems allow the user for a faster, more natural dictation, saving time as
they are able to record the speech at a rate of up to 160 words per minute. This
software is used to increase productivity for individuals with disabilities that may impair
their typing ability, speed and accuracy. A microphone is generally provided with the
software, but libraries may want to purchase a higher quality microphone in order for the
software to ensure the greatest level of success with the product. While this technology
can significantly enhance one’s ability and speed on a computer, the technology still
requires the user to use some other form of input device at times, which may be difficult
for some users with physical disabilities.
Target Group For people with physical disabilities and people who have vision disabilities.
Also for users with learning disabilities.
Cost Range Free to 1200$ US
Models IBM ViaVoice or Dragon NaturallySpeaking, Cicero
Links Adaptech: http://adaptech.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/fandi_enewdictation.php
Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50&Itemid=9
On-screen keyboards
Description An alternative input option, an on-screen keyboard is displayed on the
computer screen and accessible using a pointer device, mouse, touch screen, trackball,
joystick, switch, or head/eye tracking device instead of using a standard keyboard. This
software provides an input device for users unable to use a standard or custom
keyboard. Some software allows for it to be customizable. Other software allows users
to redefine keys based on their own preferences. Some on-screen keyboards include
word prediction software to help increase the typing speed of users of this software.
Target Group For individuals with physical disabilities. Some software includes features
such as word prediction as well.
Cost Range Free-2000$ US
Models SofType, SwitchXS, OnScreen
Links Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=9
Adaptech: http://adaptech.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/fandi_enewkeyboard.php
Word Prediction Software
Description Word prediction allows users to select a desired word from an on-screen list
that appears as a user types, select a designated key to type in order to replace
frequently used words, and correct or suggest spelling for words. Some programs use
audio to provide feedback in addition to word prediction. Once the word the user is
23
attempting to type appears on the list, users can select that word, increasing productivity,
grammar accuracy and vocabulary skills. This technology limits the amount of effort and
time needed to compose the text for individuals who have difficulties when typing,
whether because of physical or learning disabilities, or because low vision patrons who
have difficulties in ensuring that what they type is correct. Word prediction technology is
sometimes built into On-screen Keyboard software. Libraries should ensure that word
prediction software purchased can be used with and compatible with the word
processing software at the library.
Target Group For people who have physical or learning disabilities and even some with
vision disabilities
Cost Range 150-550$ US
Models SoothSayer, Aurora Suite, WordQ
Links Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=9
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Word-Prediction
DAISY Digital Audio Software
Description DAISY Digital Audio Software is able to read DAISY format discs for patrons
who prefer not to use the personal DAISY players or for libraries that do not own
personal DAISY players. Users would sit down at a computer workstation to listen to a
book in DAISY format. Allows for many of the same options as a portable DAISY player
(customization, bookmarks, ect.). Users with physical disabilities who have difficulty
using the buttons on a portable DAISY player would be able to play a DAISY book using
the software and speech input software.
Target Group For individuals with vision disabilities or who are blind and users with
learning disabilities. Also for users with physical disabilities
Cost Range 50-150$ US
Models EasyReader, eClipseReader, Victor Reader Soft
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/daisy/players/Default.aspx
Humanware: http://www.humanware.com/encanada/products/blindness/dtb_players/software/_details/id_62/victor_reader_soft.html
Publishing/Converting Software
Description This technology can be used to create large print, DAISY, mp3 and Braille
versions of material that the library holds in other print or electronic formats. Also,
libraries wishing to publish human recorded audio, synthetic speech, or record their own
audio for use by a DAISY player will use this software. It could be used to supply some
of the accessible documents required by the AODA customer service standard, if they
are requested by patrons, or to make other library materials accessible to patrons.
Some models allow for the insertion of footnotes, page numbers and pop-up pictures.
Some models allow one to simply convert word documents or any e-text into DAISY
24
format digital talking books, without the common DAISY features. A trial edition of the
Dolphin EasyConverter is available for download at
http://www.yourdolphin.com/productdetail.asp?id=25 (but is merely an example, not a
product recommendation)
Target Group For users with a variety of disabilities who may need materials in one of a
number of different formats
Cost Range 550-3000$
Models Dolphin Publisher products, Plextalk Recording Software
Links DAISY Consortium: http://www.daisy.org/tools/tools.php?Cat=production
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Talking-Books/Dolphin-Publisher
Animated Signing Characters (also called Signing Avatars)
Description A communication tool for libraries wishing to make materials accessible for
sign language users. Translates text or voice and displays signed communication on a
computer monitor by using a 3-D animated figure. The avatar can communicate in either
sign language (eg. ASL) or another signed communication system (eg. Exact Signed
English). It is exportable to video in various formats. This software can be used with
background images, web pages, and other materials in order to make presentations and
workshops accessible. Sign language speakers will find it useful for viewing
presentations and workshops at the library, and accessing electronic documents. This
technology may eliminate the need to hire a sign language interpreter. Libraries should
also keep in mind that some forms of communication, such as written communication,
may be more appropriate for sign language users in certain scenarios, such as informal
conversations. However, the library must always keep in mind the user’s preferred form
of communication.
Target Group For people who are deaf or hard of hearing and communicate in sign
language or another signed communication system
Cost Range 500-6500$ US
Models Sign Smith Studio, iCommunicator
Links Adaptive Technology Research Centre:
http://atrc.utoronto.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=53&Itemid=9
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/CommunicationSoftware/iCommunicator-V5-0
Communication Board Software
Description A graphics database that contains thousands of picture communication
symbols in clip art form to be used for patrons who require augmentative communication
devices. Allows the library to create images for speech generating devices with the click
of a mouse. Contains thousands of symbols in colour or black and white in different
languages. This allows library patrons and staff to point at different images in order to
communicate ideas with patrons. Can be used on-screen or printed out and put into a
25
large poster board in a central area in the library. These boards can consist of symbols,
but may also be letters or words. Some individuals with disabilities will have their own
personal communication aids, but for those who do not, these picture symbols, whether
printed out or online, will allow library staff and patrons requiring augmentative
communication technology to communicate. If printed, symbols should include those
most commonly encountered at the library. This may be especially helpful software for
children with disabilities that affect their speech who do not yet have strong writing skills
and, therefore, need to communicate through images rather than written words.
Target Group For use with patrons who cannot speak or have speech that is difficult to
understand familiar with using these types of augmentative devices.
Cost Range 300-400$ US
Models Boardmaker, Overboard
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Communication-Software
For example, London Public Library has several Communication boards available at their
libraries, which are available to view online at:
http://www.londonpubliclibrary.ca/node/219
Dwell and Click Software
Description Dwell and Click Software is for use with an alternative mouse or pointing
device. It allows the user to adjust some or all of the following: the size, shape and
image of the cursor and also displays images more visibly to be found more easily. The
software allows the user to use an alternate mouse without having to click, and instead
are able to “click” by simply placing the cursor in the desired location for an adjustable
set amount of time. Some are designed for use with specific types of an alternate
mouse (for example, a single switch). Many allow for audio or visual feedback.
Target Group For patrons with physical disabilities who have difficulty with fine motor
control patrons with vision disabilities who have difficulty in seeing the cursor or images
displayed on the monitor.
Cost Range 40-200$ US
Models Gus! Has two models, QualiClick (Free 30 day trial available), SmartClick, Magic
Cursor 2000
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Dwell-Clicking
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=product_detail&p=666
Braille Translation Software
Description May be purchased for libraries with a great need for translation to Braille text,
allowing print text to be translated into Braille format, and vice versa as well, so it may be
of use to both blind and sighted individuals. However, it is warned that even with the
software, it is recommended to make use of a Braille proofreader when using this
software to produce publications, in order to ensure accuracy. Different levels of Braille
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exist (Grade 1, Grade 2) and this should be kept in mind when purchasing software.
Users who are blind may wish to use this software to access materials in the library.
Library staff may wish to use this technology as well in order to be able to assess Braille
materials the library receives or to produce AODA compliant materials in Braille.
Target Group For patrons who are blind or have low vision.
Cost Range 200-800$ US
Models Duxbury and GOODFEEL have a few products, Megadots, NFBTRANS
Links CNIB: http://www.cnib.ca/en/services/products/assistivetech/products/braille/translation/default.aspx
Humanware: http://www.humanware.com/encanada/products/blindness/braille_translators/_details/id_37/duxbury.html
Low Cost Tools
Large Print Keyboard/Keytop Labels
Description Labels or stickers that can be applied to a standard keyboard in order to
enhance the size of the letters on the keys and make them clearer. Some are also
contain various background colours with high contrast in order to increase visibility of the
characters. Also, one can create their own labels, useful for individuals creating their
own key commands. For libraries that have the need for a large print keyboard(s) but
may not want to purchase the entire keyboard, it is an inexpensive alternative. Library
patrons with low vision will be able to see the keys better and therefore type more easily.
Target Group Users with vision disabilities, learning disabilities
Cost Range 15$ US
Models ZoomCaps labels
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Large-Key-Large-PrintKeyboards/Large-Print-Labels
Neil Squire: http://solutions.neilsquire.ca/kot-dskok-ks.htm
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=product_detail&p=115
Braille Keyboard/Keytop Labels
Description Much like the large print labels for keyboard keys, the Braille keytop labels are
applied to the keyboard keys to make the keyboard more accessible. They are
transparent stickers with Braille dots on them, allowing users who cannot read Braille to
use the keyboard as well, as they can see the letters through the labels. For libraries
that have a limited need for a Braille print keyboard(s) but may not want to purchase the
entire keyboard, and want the keyboard to still be accessible to those who cannot read
Braille. They key labels make the keyboard accessible to blind and low vision patrons
who cannot otherwise read the letters clearly.
Target Group For people with vision disabilities or who are blind who can read Braille.
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Cost Range 15$ US
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Large-Key-Large-PrintKeyboards/Braille-Labels
Book Holders/Reading Stands
Description Offers library patrons hands-free reading. They are adjustable and allow the
user to turn pages easily while holding the book in place. Many have adjustable pegs to
hold the book in place that will adjust to fit thick or thin books. Some book holders may
adjust to be up to 58” tall. Other models are set up for easy reading in front of a
computer monitor and keyboard. Users with physical disabilities that make them unable
to hold a book would use these devices. For users who also have difficulty turning the
pages of a book, see page turners.
Target Group Users with physical disabilities
Cost Range 30-200$ US
Models LEVO Book Holder, Roberts Book holder
Links Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=47&s[search
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog?search=book+holder
Headphones
Description For all computers with software for voice outputs, headphones should be used
to control the noise level in the library and to allow the user to focus on the voice output
being provided. Alternatively, for hygiene reasons, patrons may be asked to bring their
own headphones or the library may sell them to patrons for a nominal fee. Combined
headphone/microphones may be preferable depending on the software being used,
especially for voice input software.
Target Group For users using any of the technology with voice outputs
Cost Range 1-100$ US
Models IOGEAR Wireless Stereo Headphones with microphone
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Listening-Systems
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=154&s[search
Handheld or Clip-On Pocket Magnifiers
Description A more affordable alternative for some libraries with limited need for magnifiers
is magnifiers that do not use video technology. They are generally small handheld or
clip-on magnifiers, or they may come with a stand. However, there are all types, and
others appear as a bar or globe as well. They do not allow for the flexibility and
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precision of the CCTV’s but still make library materials accessible to many patrons with
low vision. As well, as with CCTVs, they can be used for a variety of print materials.
They are easy for patrons to use. These typically provide magnification between 2 and 4
times the original size. Some contain a light running on batteries, as asset if the library
is not well lit. Libraries may want to consider loaning these tools to patrons to make
small print text more accessible, or they may be used strictly within the library. For
libraries requiring more sophisticated technology than this, a CCTV or handheld video
magnifier may be appropriate. However, for users who have limited access to large print
materials, the purchase of these tools will make a greater number of materials available
to patrons with low vision.
Target Group For patrons with low vision
Cost Range 2-200$ US
Models Eschenbach,
Links CNIB: http://webstore.cnib.ca/SearchByCategory.aspx?openid=MAG
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Misc-Low-Vision-Items/EschenbachMobilux-Far-Handheld-Magnifier-and-Telescope
Magnifying Lamps
Description Magnifies and provides light for patrons with low vision. The light helps
provide a clear view and highlight details that are being magnified. For an affordable
and stationary magnifying device that is larger than a pocket magnifier, a magnifying
lamp may be the solution. A lamp generally contains long, sturdy and/or flexible arms
and may come with more than one lens, or additional lenses may be purchased for
different magnification levels that typically range from 3x to 5x. May be a desk or floor
model. May contain a base or may be attached to a desk, wall or other stationary object
with an adjustable clamp. The lighting may further assist patrons for libraries or areas of
the library that are not well lit.
Target Group For patrons with low vision
Cost Range 100-200$ US
Models Daylight
Links CNIB: http://webstore.cnib.ca/item_detail.aspx?ItemCode=LIT2110222030
Microphones
Description Microphones are to be used with speech-to-text software or with other
alternative input devices that use speech. Certain microphones are recommended for
use with particular voice-to-text software for best results. Microphones that automatically
locate the direction of the speaker and steer towards the speaker are easier for patrons
to use, especially patrons with physical disabilities who may not be able to get very close
to a microphone, or for patrons who may not have the time or capability to adjust the
microphone. Headset microphones are also useful ensuring that the intended sound is
amplified. Combined headphone/microphones may be preferable depending on the
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software being used, especially for voice input software. Microphones should provide
some noise cancelling technologies for speech-to-text technology to work well in a library
setting with background noise.
Target Group For users with learning disabilities, physical disabilities and vision disabilities.
Also, headsets are a preferred choice of microphone for use with assistive technology,
as they provide comfort and easy use.
Cost Range 90-300$ US
Models Voice Tracker Array Microphone, GN Contour LX-G
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Headsets
Special Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=search_list&s[title]=Y&s[short_desc]=
Y&s[full_desc]=Y&s[sku]=Y&s[match]=all&s[cid]=154&s[search
Portable Assistive Listening Device/Sound Amplifier/Amplification Systems
Description These tools assist the user in speaking by amplifying the sound closest to the
listener and blocking potentially distracting background sound and noises. They often
include 3 pieces: a rechargeable amplifier, a speaker unit and a microphone. They are
generally portable, lightweight and easy to use. Headphones or earphones can often be
plugged in, or they can be plugged into a television. They may be used by individuals
with physical disabilities that impair their ability to raise their voice to communicate with
staff. They also may be used by presenters or staff in order to make presentations and
conversations more accessible for patrons with hearing disabilities
Target Group For patrons with learning disabilities and hearing disabilities who do not have
their own assistive listening device
Cost Range 180$ - 300$ US
Models Pocket Talker, ChatterVox
Links Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Amplification-Systems Special
Needs Computer Solutions:
http://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=product_detail&p=158
Hand-held Pen Scanners/Personal Reading Assistants
Description For users who occasionally need a word or sentence spoken aloud. Also, they
may be used to take notes quickly. For entire pages or books, it is best to use scanning
and reading with a PC. Very small and portable; need not be used with a computer.
Certain models are able to scan, store, define, hear and transfer text to a PC, PDA or
Smartphone. Some provide audio word pronunciation using text-to-speech technology.
Some allow for word insertion. Some provide translations as well as help with
comprehension. Certain models are able to store hundreds of pages of text at a time.
They use batteries. Some allow for various font sizes to be displayed and for inverting
text on contrasting backgrounds to help patrons with low vision.
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Target Group For users with learning disabilities, some may have features suitable for
individuals with low vision
Cost Range 150-300$ US
Models Superpen, InforScan, Quicklink Pen Elite
Links Seacrest Resources Canada:
http://www.secrest.ca/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=2&zenid=c45207d47ae9d02
d7124b98c908594ff
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Scanning-Reading/IRISPen
Keyguards
Description Keyguards are hard plastic covers for keyboards. They cover the surface of
the keyboard but contain a space for each key and prevent a user with an unsteady
finger or pointing device from accidentally striking unwanted keys. Keyguards may be
sold in different colours, so that users can apply a different colour for each line,
increasing ease of use for patrons with low visibility. They can be a part of an alternative
keyboard or sold separately for use on standard keyboards.
Target Group For users with physical disabilities that make using a standard keyboard
difficult.
Cost Range 20-200$ US
Models Intellikeys, Fl4SH Colour Keyguards
Links Neil Squire Solutions: http://solutions.neilsquire.ca/kot-cap-keyguards.htm
Enablemart: http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog?search=keyguard
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