1
Appendix 1: Complete list of all symbols, their definition, category and unit.
symbol
definition
unit/categories
number
of values
t
time
day
1
s
species
Ma, Th
2
i
stage/status
Ma: egg, 1st instar, 2nd instar, pupa, adult (dispersion
towards woods), overwintering, feeding, egglaying
12
Indices
Th: immature, adult, feeding, egglaying
a,b,c
grid cell
til
agronomical condition
d
distance
h
tillage, no tillage
2
habitat
grassland, woodland, oilseed rape, turnip rape, other
crops
5
Nts
abundance
individuals /cell
2
ST
sum of thermal time
°C.day
1
H
healthy Ma larvae
individuals /cell
1
P
parasitized larvae
individuals /cell
1
θs
thermal threshold for activity
°C or °C.day
2
δ s,i
stage duration
day
12
survival probability of nondispersing stages to the next
stage, under the conditions til
-
7
ω s,i
perception window
m
2
αh s,i
relative attractivity of habitat h
0,1 or 17 (depending on habitats and stages)
3
β s,i
decline of attractivity as a
function of distance for
dispersing stages
m-1
4
τ s,i
survival as a function of
distance flown
m-1
2
φ
daily fecundity of Ma
eggs/adult Ma/day
1
ρ
daily fecundity of Th
eggs/adult Th/day
1
State variables
Parameters
 is,tili+1
2
3
Appendix 2: Complete list of all symbols, their definition, category and unit.
Parameter
Parameter value
Reference
N0Ma
200
(Rusch et al. 2011)
θ Ma
15
(Nilsson 1988a)
π Ma, winter
0.7
(Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, egg
0.9
(Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, l1
0.8
(Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, l2
0.5
(Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, pupa
0.7
(Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, egg
8
(Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, l1
5
(Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, l2
6
(Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, pupa
10
(Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, adult
60
(Cook et al. 2004)
φ Ma
5
(Nilsson 1988b)
δ Ma, feeding
14
(Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, egglaying
2
(Cook et al. 2004)
τ Ma
0.999
-
β Ma
1
(Taimr et al. 1967)
ω Ma, adult
300
(Rusch et al. 2011)
ω Ma, feeding
9600
(Rusch et al. 2011)
N0
400
-
θ Th, immature
70
(Jourdheuil 1960)
π Th, immature, NT
0.2
(Herrström 1964)
Pest
Demographic parameters
Dispersal parameters
Parasitoid
Demographic parameters
π Th, immature, ploughing
0.0
(Nilsson 2010)
δ Th, immature
0.5
(Jourdheuil 1960)
δ Th, adult
50
(Jourdheuil 1960)
ρ Th
250
-
δ Th, feeding
8
-
δ Th, egglaying
1
-
τ Th
0.999
-
β Th
3
-
ω Th, adult
500
(Rusch et al. 2011)
ω Th, feeding
1750
(Rusch et al. 2011)
Dispersal parameters
4
5
6
References
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Cook, S., Murray, D., & Williams, I. 2004. Do pollen beetles need pollen? The effect of pollen on
oviposition, survival, and development of a flower-feeding herbivore. Ecological Entomology,
29, 164-173.
Herrström, G. 1964. Untersuchungen über Parasiten von Ölfruchtschädlingen in Sweden. Meddn.
StVäxtskAnst., 12, 433-448.
Jourdheuil, P. 1960. Influence de quelques facteurs écologiques sur les fluctuations de population
d’une biocénose parasitaire. Paris, France: INRA.
Nilsson, C. 1988a. The pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) in winter and spring rape at Alnarp 19761978. I. Migration and Sex Ratio. Växtskyddsnotiser,
Nilsson, C. 1988b. The pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) in winter and spring rape at Alnarp 19761978. II. Oviposition. Växtskyddsnotiser,
Nilsson, C. 2010. Impact of soil tillage on parasitoids of oilseed rape pests. In: Biocontrol-Based
Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests, (Ed. by I. Williams), pp. 45-76. Dordrecht:
Springer Netherlands.
Rusch, A., Valantin-Morison, M., Sarthou, J.-P., & Roger-Estrade, J. 2011. Multi-scale effects of
landscape complexity and crop management on pollen beetle parasitism rate. Landscape
Ecology, 26, 473-486.
Taimr, L., Sedivy, J., Bergmannova, E., & Hanker, I. 1967. Further experience obtained in studies on
dispersal flights of Meligethes aeneus F., marked with P32 (Coleoptera). Acta Entomol
Bohemos, 64, 325-332.